广义氧化还原滴定

根据广义氧化还原新概念 ,提出了广义氧化还原滴定。广义氧化还原滴定包括酸碱滴定、沉淀滴定、配位滴定和氧化还原滴定。它们的滴定曲线可以由相同的原理绘出     

广义氧化还原滴定的终点误差

根据氧化还原理论,总结了广义氧化还原滴定的终点误差公式。该公式包括原来的酸碱滴定、沉淀滴定、配位滴定和氧化还原滴定的终点误差公式,以便于滴定分析进一步系统化。     

氧化还原滴定方法理论新说

为了改造氧化还原滴定分析方法的标度,从而逐步建立统一的滴定分析标度计算式,提出了相对电子浓度Re-的概念,基于此发展了以p Re-为监测标度的氧化还原滴定方法新理论。该理论描述了氧化还原半反应的平衡,推导了氧化还原滴定标度p Re-的计算通式,探索了该标度在滴定过程中的一般变化规律,重新梳理了指示剂的指示原理。以Ce4+滴定Fe3+溶液为例,演绎了如何简单绘制滴定曲线、计算滴定突跃范围、判断可否直接准确滴定,讨论了氧化还原反应条件平衡常数Kτ?’的大小对滴定分析的影响。     

对数图在氧化还原滴定中的应用

Wanninen和Jahansson将对数图用于酸碱滴定和络合滴定,能巧妙地解析一些问题。Silleen曾作过氧化还原反应的对数图解,但未应用于氧化还原滴定。本文试就对数图在氧化还原滴定中的应用及滴定误差问题进行一些讨论。一、氧化还原滴定中的对数图在氧化还原反应中,我们如将能斯特公式加以变换,可得     

氧化还原滴定理论处理的一种通用方法

氧化还原滴定理论处理的一种通用方法魏永巨，李克安，童沈阳（北京大学化学系，１００８７１）氧化还原滴定的计量关系远比酸碱与络合摘定复杂，因而，严格的理论处理比较困难￣［１］。特别是涉及到不对称电对的氧化还原滴定，通常难以对滴定过程中各组分的平衡浓度及相...     

也谈氧化还原滴定等当点电位的计算

在讨论氧化还原滴定曲线的过程中,常常涉及到氧化还原反应达到等当点时体系电报电位(即等当点电位)的计算。在这方面,国内外许多学者均做了大量工作。例如,对于反应物与对应的生成物的系数为1:1的氧化还原滴定:     

谈氧化还原滴定的终点误差

对于氧化还原滴定的终点误差,一般分析化学教材和教学参考书均无系统论述,这给分析化学教学和实际应用带来许多不便。赵藻藩、戌关镛曾讨论了氧化还原滴定的终点误差,但赵、戌二文仅给出了氧化还原滴定中有关电对对应系数相等和其中一对电对对应系数不     

GUI氧化还原滴定学习软件的设计与应用

在滴定分析教学中,为推进现代信息技术与教育教学深度融合,利用Python语言设计开发了图形用户界面(GUI)氧化还原滴定学习软件。软件将氧化还原滴定体系分为对称型和不对称型滴定反应2种类型,通过自定义或选择内置的氧化还原滴定体系后,仅需设置滴定参数和选择滴定介质,即可实现滴定反应程度的自动判断和滴定曲线的静态显示或动态可视化绘制。此外,依据曲线图像还可实现化学计量点、滴定突跃范围和滴定误差的计算,具有较强的开放性、灵活性和普适性,便于教师教学和学生自主探究学习。软件界面设计简洁,操作方便,用户无需安装和专业编程知识,可直接在Windows平台上运行。     

氧化还原滴定终点误差

借助导数及双曲正弦函数性质建立了一种处理两电对均为对称电对的氧化还原滴定终点误差的新方法。导出了包含敏锐指数的氧化还原滴定终点误差公式。据此讨论了滴定突跃范围及滴定可行性问题。     

关于氧化还原平衡处理方法的讨论

氧化还原滴定是分析化学教学的基本内容之一。但氧化还原滴定的理论处理尚不如酸碱与络合滴定理论处理那样完善,有的问题还处于研讨之中。本文拟对氧化还原平衡处理方法中出现的两个新概念——电子活度与半反应平衡常数谈一谈看法,并对氧化还原平衡的图解法提出作者的建议。     

容量法与失重法测定碳钢腐蚀速率的比较研究

静态失重法是一种测定酸化腐蚀速率的基本方法,但存在耗时长、操作繁琐等缺点。为了弥补静态失重法的不足,研究了容量法测定腐蚀速率的可行性,分析了两种方法所测结果存在差异的原因。结果表明,容量法与失重法测得的腐蚀速率有较高的一致性,其相对平均偏差未超过4%。最后根据接触角测试结果,分析了产生这种偏差的原因。     

Electroanalytical measurements without electrolytes: Conducting polymers as probes for redox titration in non-conductive organic media

Electroanalytical methods have been applied only in conducting media. An application of conducting polymers allows to overcome this limitation. If such material is in electrochemical equilibrium with dissolved redox active species, its electrical conductivity depends on the redox potential of these species. Therefore, conductometric measurements with conducting polymers can provide about the same information as classical redox electrodes. The approach was applied for redox titration. Equivalent points obtained by this titration in aqueous and organic electrolytes were identical. Then the approach was applied for determination of bromine number by redox titration in non-conducting organic phase.     

滴定分析模型的统一、MATLAB解析及曲线绘制

在将酸碱滴定、络合滴定、氧化还原滴定和沉淀滴定反应统一为M+L=N的基础上,将4种滴定曲线方程统一为两种数学模型。通过简单迭代法计算滴定过程中变化的副反应系数,利用接近数学表达式的自然化语言MATLAB解析4种滴定曲线方程,并绘制出精确的滴定曲线,方法简单易操作。     

复杂氧化还原滴定曲线方程的Origin解析和曲线绘制

本文首先利用物料平衡和林邦副反应思想分别推导出n1=n2和n1≠n2两种情况时的氧化还原滴定曲线方程,然后应用Origin软件对所推导的不同曲线方程进行解析,建立起以溶液电势E为因变量,滴定分数a为自变量的函数关系,并绘制其滴定曲线。     

Approximation of potentiometric titration curves by logarithmic functions: Factors affecting the accuracy of redox titration

The influence of random errors in measuring the potential and dosing the titrant volume on the reliability of the parameters of redox titration calculated using logarithmic relationships has been studied. It is found that the propagation of measurement errors in this case mostly depends on the difference between the real potentials of the reacting redox couples, on the number and distribution of points in the titration curve, and on the stoichiometry of the reaction.     

Redox Titrations-II Location of inflection points of titration curves for homogeneous redox reactions

The relative positions of the inflection points and equivalence point of a homogeneous redox reaction have been studied by using the redox buffer capacity to derive an equation for the titration curve. The position of the inflection point corresponding to the maximum slope of the titration curve relative to the equivalence point depends on the electron transfers of the analyte and the titrant (the stoichiometric coefficients of the reaction equation) and on the difference between the formal potentials of the redox couples in a more complicated way than has been described previously.     

Investigation of iodine liberation process in redox titration of potassium iodate with sodium thiosulfate

Potassium iodate is often used as a reference material to standardize a sodium thiosulfate solution which is a familiar titrant for redox titrations. In the standardization, iodine (triiodide) liberated by potassium iodate in an acidic potassium iodide solution is titrated with a sodium thiosulfate solution. The iodine liberation process is significantly affected by the amount of acid, that of potassium iodide added, the waiting time for the liberation, and light; therefore, the process plays a key role for the accuracy of the titration results. Constant-voltage biamperometry with a modified dual platinum-chip electrode was utilized to monitor the amount of liberated iodine under several liberation conditions. Coulometric titration was utilized to determine the concentration of a sodium thiosulfate solution on an absolute basis. Potassium iodate was assayed by gravimetric titration with the sodium thiosulfate solution under several iodine liberation conditions. The liberation process was discussed from the changes in the apparent assay of potassium iodate. The information of the appropriate titration procedure obtained in the present study is useful for any analysts utilizing potassium iodate to standardize a thiosulfate solution.     

The formulation of the electron and proton balance equations for solving complicated equilibrium problems in redox titrations

 A plain, didactically convenient formulation of the electron balance and of the proton balance equations, suitable for complicated redox titration systems with redox, acid-base, precipitation and complexation side-reactions is discussed. Two typical examples, the standardisation of a permanganate solution by titration of iron(II), and the standardisation of a iodine solution by titration of sodium arsenite, are presented. Received: 30 January 1996/Accepted: 9 February 1996     

The formulation of the electron and proton balance equations for solving complicated equilibrium problems in redox titrations

 A plain, didactically convenient formulation of the electron balance and of the proton balance equations, suitable for complicated redox titration systems with redox, acid-base, precipitation and complexation side-reactions is discussed. Two typical examples, the standardisation of a permanganate solution by titration of iron(II), and the standardisation of a iodine solution by titration of sodium arsenite, are presented. Received: 30 January 1996/Accepted: 9 February 1996     

Some theoretical considerations in analytical chemistry : Part VI The precise calculation of data for redox titration curves

The dependence of the potentials during a redox titration upon the absolute concentrations of the reactants in the general case is demonstrated and an analogy is drawn between the effects of incompleteness of reaction in redox titrations and salt hydrolysis in acid-base reactions. The interpretation of the equilibrium constant of the overall redox reaction is clarified, and rigorous expressions for the calculation of reaction deficiencies are developed. Methods of calculating data for titration curves making allowance for reaction deficiency are offered together with examples of their application.