表面活性剂修饰碳酸氧铋的制备及光催化性能

采用水热法,以阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、非离子型表面活性剂聚乙二醇8000(PEG8000)、阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)及SDS与CTAB耦合修饰Bi₂O₂CO₃。 系统地研究了表面活性剂种类及用量对Bi₂O₂CO₃晶面、形貌、光吸收特性及光催化降解效率的影响。 以紫外光下降解罗丹明B(RhB),考察样品的光催化性能。 结果表明,当Bi盐投加量为6 mmol(2.9106 g)时,SDS对Bi₂O₂CO₃的修饰对其光催化活性有所抑制;0.6 g CTAB修饰Bi₂O₂CO₃能有效提高其光催化活性;0.3 g SDS与CTAB耦合修饰Bi₂O₂CO₃就能有效提高其光催化活性;0.3 g PEG8000修饰Bi₂O₂CO₃也能使其光催化活性有所提高。     

钨酸铋对四环素光催化降解性能

采用水热法制备了钨酸铋催化剂,以空气为氧化剂,四环素为底物,考察了制备催化剂时溶液的酸度、降解反应时不同光源、光强度和催化剂量对钨酸铋的光催化降解四环素性能的影响.结果表明,当制备钨酸铋催化剂溶液的pH为1时,催化降解效果较好;当催化剂与四环素的物质的量之比为0.3∶1时,光照时间100 min,光催化降解率达66%;以钨酸铋为催化剂,太阳光光催化降解性能优于红外光和紫外光,太阳光强度越强,催化降解效果越好.     

含氧空位缺陷钨酸铋光催化产氢性能研究

新型半导体光催化剂钨酸铋是目前研究广泛的光催化剂,但因其电子空穴对易复合的问题,限制了光催化产氢性能。为解决这一问题,采用锂-乙二胺溶液在钨酸铋表面构筑可控氧空位缺陷和金属缺陷。通过材料表征对比了钨酸铋经锂-乙二胺处理前后的变化,并对两者进行了产氢速率测试。钨酸铋在经过锂-乙二胺处理过后产生了氧空位缺陷和降价的金属中心,材料颜色从原先的黄白色转变为黄棕色,增强了光吸收能力。颗粒的主体结构以及物质成分并未发生变化,仍保持花球状颗粒结构,但处理后钨酸铋颗粒表面原先的光滑的片状结构变得粗糙,且方形纳米薄片锋利边缘变光滑,提高了光催化反应面积。这些变化使锂-乙二胺处理后的钨酸铋光催化产氢性能相比未处理之前得到了一定的提升。     

煅烧温度对花朵状钨酸铋光催化活性的影响

钨酸铋在水相体系中能光催化降解有机污染物,而对于钨酸铋光催化活性影响因素的研究非常少.本文研究了煅烧温度对花朵状钨酸铋光催化活性的影响.以钨酸钠和硝酸铋为原料,在160°C下水热反应20 h,合成催化剂,并经不同温度煅烧3 h.用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼(Raman)光谱、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UVVis DRS)和荧光(PL)光谱表征样品.结果表明,这些样品具有十分相似的相组成和电子结构.然而,对于水中苯酚的降解,钨酸铋的光催化活性显示出了很大的差异.钨酸铋的光催化活性随着煅烧温度的升高,先上升后下降,最优煅烧温度为350°C,并且不受样品比表面积大小的影响.这些样品的活性差异主要归结于钨酸铋的结晶度、吸光性和表面缺陷对其光生载流子分离效率的综合影响.     

表面活性剂控制合成不同形貌的纳米硫化铋

采用硝酸铋和硫脲为反应物,通过添加不同的表面活性剂如Triton X-100+OP-10、TX-10、Triton X-100,用回流法合成了硫化铋纳米花。所得产物用XRD、EDS、TEM、SAED、SEM以及UV-Vis进行了表征。结果表明,经85～110 ℃回流反应3 h,可以得到结晶良好、具有各种形貌的正交晶相的硫化铋纳米花。经计算,其晶胞参数为a=0.439 34 nm, b=0.965 64 nm, c=1.118 5 nm。UV-Vis分析表明,硫化铋     

表面活性剂辅助水热制备形貌结构可控的MoS2及其蒽加氢性能

随着原油资源重质化和劣质化的加剧以及对清洁燃料油品需求的不断增加,将重质油加工成清洁燃料成为现代炼厂面临的挑战.悬浮床加氢是重质油转化为清洁液体燃料的先进技术,其核心难题是高效加氢催化剂的开发.MoS2在石油化工领域油品加氢提质研究中表现出非常好的催化加氢性能.MoS2晶体结构中有两种面:沿S-Mo-S层间的剥离面,又称基面,化学性质稳定;沿Mo-S的断裂面,又称棱面,具有大量的不饱和键,化学性质不稳定,可做催化活性中心.由于MoS2结构和形貌对其物理化学性能有重要影响,所以通过合理设计和调控MoS2的结构和形貌可增加暴露的催化活性位,进而改善其催化性能.本文以七钼酸铵和硫代乙酰胺为原料,水合肼做还原剂,采用不同表面活性剂(包括PEG,PVP,P123,SDS,AOT和CTAB)辅助的水热合成法制备了结构及形貌可控的MoS2,并提出不同表面活性剂条件下MoS2催化剂的生长机理,进一步研究了重油模型化合物稠环芳烃蒽的催化加氢性能.结果表明,在不同表面活性剂辅助的条件下分别制得了由MoS2纳米片组装而成的球形、块状和花状的MoS2产物;通过改变表面活性剂种类可调变MoS2纳米片的长度、堆积层数、层间距以及最终产物的形貌.在PEG或PVP辅助下得到了球形MoS2产物,其中MoS2纳米片长<15 nm,堆积层数<6.在PEG辅助下制备的球形MoS2粒径约为250 nm,尺寸均一且分散性好.在PVP辅助下MoS2粒径在200–450 nm,粒径分布范围宽且有明显团聚.在P123或SDS辅助下得到了团聚较明显的块状微米级MoS2产物.在P123辅助下得到的MoS2纳米片长<15 nm,层数<6.在SDS辅助下制备的MoS2纳米片长>20 nm,堆积层数>8.在AOT或CTAB辅助下得到团聚比较严重的花状微米级MoS2产物,其中MoS2纳米片长>20 nm,堆积层数>8.另外,水热反应过程中,高温高压的环境促进了反应体系中游离的NH4+插入到MoS2层状结构中,导致MoS2纳米片层间距增大.基于此,本文提出了不同表面活性剂辅助的水热过程中不同结构和形貌MoS2产物的形成机理.对不同结构和形貌的MoS2样品进行了悬浮床蒽加氢催化性能评价.结果表明,PEG辅助制备的MoS2催化剂具有最高催化加氢活性.该MoS2催化剂中纳米片层短,堆积层数少,暴露了更多的加氢活性位.单分散的球形MoS2颗粒粒径小,分散性好,有利于加氢活性位的充分暴露,进而表现出较好的催化性能.本文所采用的表面活性剂辅助的水热法为可控合成不同结构和形貌的过渡金属硫化物提供了有效指导和借鉴.     

水热合成具有分级结构的钨酸铋纳米花及其光催化降解四环素性能

采用一种简单的无模板水热合成法制备了具有分级结构的钨酸铋纳米花,并将钨酸铋纳米花材料应用于可见光催化去除水中的四环素类抗生素。通过X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、紫外固体漫反射、比表面分析等一系列物理表征对光催化剂和催化反应体系进行了表征。研究结果表明钨酸铋纳米光催化剂对四环素类抗生素（四环素和土霉素）均具有良好的降解能力。此外,催化剂对碱性溶液中四环素的降解效率普遍较高,且该催化剂表现出良好的循环稳定性。     

铋系光催化剂的形貌调控与表面改性研究进展

铋系光催化剂是一类重要的可见光光催化剂,但块体铋系化合物的光催化性能并不理想,需进行改性增强。形貌调控和表面改性是增强铋系光催化剂性能的两种有效方法。本文对近年来铋系化合物光催化剂形貌调控和表面改性方面的研究报道进行综述总结,介绍通过超薄纳米片制备、晶面比例调控、分级结构和空心结构构筑、官能团和纳米微粒修饰表面、表面缺陷调控以及表面原位转化形成金属铋和含铋化合物纳米颗粒等方法增强铋系光催化剂性能的研究情况,对各种方法的特点及其在增加光吸收、有效分离和利用光生载流子方面的作用机制进行讨论,并对铋系光催化材料的形貌调控与表面改性的未来发展趋势及所面临的挑战进行分析总结。     

有机颜料的光催化降解及添加表面活性剂的影响

研究了纳米TiO2浓度、颜料用量、pH值和紫外光强度对有机颜料纳米TiO2光催化降解速率的影响．添加表面活性剂十二烷基苯硝酸钠时，颜料溶解度增加，但降解速率减慢．     

Influence of surfactants on the morphology and photocatalytic activity of Bi_2WO_6 by hydrothermal synthesis

The flower-like microsphere Bi2WO6 with an average diameter of 2.5 μm is synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method in the presence of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).The crystalline phase,compositions,morphology,microstructure,surface area and band gap energy of the Bi2WO6 are characterized by X-ray diffraction,X-ray energy-dispersive spectrum,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and absorption spectra.It is found that surfactant has a signifi...     

Br掺杂Bi2WO6微球的制备及其光催化性能

以五水合硝酸铋和二水合钨酸钠为原料,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为溴源,制备Br掺杂Bi₂WO₆,通过调节CTAB的含量,利用水热法制备了Br掺杂量不同的Bi₂WO₆催化剂。以抗生素环丙沙星、诺氟沙星作为污染物,测试Br掺杂Bi₂WO₆催化剂的光催化性能。结果表明,2%掺杂量（物质的量分数）的Bi₂WO₆相比于Bi₂WO₆的光催化降解性能最好。此外,通过X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜、荧光光谱、X射线光电子能谱和拉曼光谱等一系列表征,对Br掺杂后催化剂的物相组成、微观形貌、光生电荷分离率和光学性质等进行分析。最后进行了自由基捕获实验并提出了可能的光催化机理。     

Hydrothermal preparation and visible-light photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6 powders

Bi₂WO₆ powder photocatalyst was prepared using Bi(NO₃)₃ and Na₂WO₄ as raw materials by a simple hydrothermal method at 150 °C for 24 h, and then calcined at 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 °C for 2 h, respectively. The as-prepared samples were characterized with UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra, fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N₂ adsorption-desorption measurement. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated using the photocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde at room temperature under visible light irradiation. It was found that post-treatment temperature obviously influenced the visible-light photocatalytic activity and physical properties of Bi₂WO₆ powders. At 500 °C, Bi₂WO₆ powder photocatalyst showed the highest visible-light photocatalytic activity due to the samples with good crystallization and high BET surface area.     

反应温度对微波水热法合成Bi2WO6粉体及光催化性能影响的研究

以Na₂WO₄·2H₂O和Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O为原料,用微波水热法在140~200 ℃保温1 h合成出不同形貌的正交晶相粉体。利用 XRD、FE-SEM、BET、DRS等分析手段表征了Bi₂WO₆粉体,以RhB溶液为目标降解物,对不同反应温度下合成粉体的光催化性能进行了研究,结果表明：反应温度对合成Bi₂WO₆粉体的物相、形貌及光催化性能均有较大影响,180 ℃时合成的绒线团状Bi₂WO₆粉体比表面积为25.63 m²·g^-1,禁带宽度为2.92 eV,因光在粉体催化剂内产生了漫反射,光催化效果最佳,在可见光照射下3h时RhB溶液降解率达到了96%,紫外光照射下2 h时RhB溶液降解率达到了98%以上。     

花状结构Bi2WO6多孔微球: 组装及光催化性能

利用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)作为结构导向剂,在水热条件下合成了由纳米片组装而成的Bi2WO6花状多孔微球的新颖结构。探讨了反应时间、表面活性剂种类等因素对产物形貌、结构和性能的影响。在氙灯照射下,发现使用CTAB所得到的Bi2WO6比添加SDBS所得到的样品具有更高的催化罗丹明B降解的活性,原因是前者具有较大的比表面积和吸收阈值。同时提出了晶体可能的生长机理为各向异性生长特性和自组装-Ostwald熟化过程的结合。     

Preparation and visible light photocatalytic activity of Bi2O3/Bi2WO6 heterojunction photocatalysts

The Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆ heterojunction photocatalysts were prepared by a two-step solvothermal process using Bi(NO₃)₃-ethylene glycol solution as Bi source. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy. The heterostructure catalysts are composed of Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles as modifier and 3D Bi₂WO₆ microspheres as substrate. Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles with diameters of about 10-15 nm are tightly grown on the lateral surface of the Bi₂WO₆ microspheres. The hierarchical Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆ microspheres exhibit higher photocatalytic activity than the single phase Bi₂WO₆ or Bi₂O₃ for the degradation of rhodamine B under visible light illumination (λ>420 nm). The enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of the Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆ heterojunction catalysts can be ascribed to their improved light absorption property and the reduced recombination of the photoexcited electrons and holes during the photocatalytic reaction. The effect of loading amount of Bi₂O₃ on the catalytic performance of the heterojunction catalysts was also investigated and the optimal content of Bi₂O₃ is 3 wt%. The Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆ heterojunction photocatalysts are essentially stable during the photocatalytic process.     

MOF-808/Bi2MoO6复合材料的构筑及其光催化性能

采用简单的两步水热法制备出了锆基金属有机骨架和钼酸铋的复合材料MOF-808/Bi₂MoO₆。通过X射线粉末衍射、傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱、N₂吸附-脱附测试和电化学测试对所制备材料的组成、微观结构、光学性质以及光生载流子的复合效率进行了分析。与纯Bi₂MoO₆和MOF-808相比,0.5%-MOF-808/Bi₂MoO₆复合材料展示出了较高的光催化活性,在可见光照射120 min时对抗生素环丙沙星(CIP)的降解率达89.7%。通过自由基捕获实验,证明了·O₂^-是主要活性物种,基于此我们提出了可能的光催化降解机理。     

MOF-808/Bi2MoO6复合材料的构筑及其光催化性能

采用简单的两步水热法制备出了锆基金属有机骨架和钼酸铋的复合材料MOF-808/Bi₂MoO₆。通过X射线粉末衍射、傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱、N₂吸附-脱附测试和电化学测试对所制备材料的组成、微观结构、光学性质以及光生载流子的复合效率进行了分析。与纯Bi₂MoO₆和MOF-808相比,0.5%-MOF-808/Bi₂MoO₆复合材料展示出了较高的光催化活性,在可见光照射120 min时对抗生素环丙沙星(CIP)的降解率达89.7%。通过自由基捕获实验,证明了·O₂^-是主要活性物种,基于此我们提出了可能的光催化降解机理。     

Bi2WO6 photocatalytic films fabricated by layer-by-layer technique from Bi2WO6 nanoplates and its spectral selectivity

Bi₂WO₆ multilayer films have been fabricated successfully by a layer-by-layer (LbL) technique from Bi₂WO₆ nanoplates, which show higher visible-light photoactivity (λ>420 nm) than that of Bi₂WO₆ nanoplate powders and P25 TiO₂ films. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activities of the films were evaluated by the rhodamine B (RhB) decomposition under UV and visible-light irradiation. Thickness and photoactivity of the film can be modified easily by changing the deposition cycles. Bi₂WO₆ films have the spectral selectivity of the photocatalytic degradation of RhB. Under the wavelength greater than 300 nm, the RhB molecules tend to be transformed to rhodamine over Bi₂WO₆ films selectively. However, in the case of shorter wavelength (λ=254 nm) light irradiation, the RhB molecules can be photodegraded completely.     

Visible-light-driven photocatalyst of Bi2WO6 nanoparticles prepared via amorphous complex precursor and photocatalytic properties

The visible-light-driven photocatalyst Bi₂WO₆ nanoparticles have been prepared by calcining amorphous complex precursor at a relatively low temperature of above 450 ^oC. The effects of calcination temperature and time on the structures and properties of Bi₂WO₆ nanoparticles have been investigated in detail. The photocatalytic activity of the Bi₂WO₆ powders were evaluated by degradation of RhB molecules in water under visible light irradiation (λ>400 nm). The results showed that the particle size and grain size of Bi₂WO₆ increased with the calcination temperature and time. The photocatalytic activity of the best sample was about 8.8 times higher than that of the sample prepared by traditional solid state reaction and the photo-degradations was a zero-order reaction. The best route to enhance the photocatalytic activity of Bi₂WO₆ was to prepare the sample at a lower temperature for a longer time, due to the samples with better crystallization and smaller particle size.