变倍目镜光学设计

本文论述了望远镜变倍目镜的结构型式,介绍了两组元和三组元变倍目镜的高斯光学计算方法,就设计中有关的几个问题进行了讨论。最后给出了两个变倍目镜设计实例。     

ITER装置CTB盒体冷屏结构设计与传热性能的数值模拟

为了满足ITER国际组对CTB盒体冷屏的技术要求,论文对其结构型式和传热性能分别进行了设计、选型和数值模拟分析。通过对设计后的冷屏结构进行ANSYS分析,选择了冷屏为3mm厚的3003铝合金材料,确定了冷却管为22mm×22mm-φ18mm外方内圆截面的结构型式,并选择由卡子实现冷却管与冷屏面板的连接固定。最后,利用FLUENT软件针对设计后的冷屏结构进行了流固耦合数值模拟分析,获取了冷屏面板上总体温度的分布情况,验证了论文中选取和设计的冷屏结构型式能够满足ITER国际组设计技术要求,为下一步CTB盒的设计研制提供了技术保证和依据。     

光纤传像束的物镜设计

分析3种像方远心系统的结构和用途。在传像光纤物镜的设计过程中,分别采用传统单组像方远心系统和“负-正”型式的像方远心光学系统结构,通过比较发现“负-正”型式的像方远心系统的结构能很好地解决镜头轴外像差校正和像面照度均匀性的问题,并且镜头结构紧凑。使用ZEMAX光学软件进行优化,给出工作波长(0.38～0.78)μm,焦距1.92mm,视场角60°,相对孔径为1∶4的镜头设计实例。设计结果表明:此镜头在46lp/mm处的MTF大于0.8,像质优良。     

深燃LNG工艺低温绝热技术应用

分析了深燃LNG工艺低温绝热技术的应用情况,并就LNG工厂中使用的几种低温绝热材料及结构型式作了介绍,对今后LNG工艺设计具有一定参考作用。     

消热差光学系统设计

引入光学材料的规化热差系数T和规化色差系数C,和到对无热差光系统设计的材料选择具有指导作用的T-C图.提出基于热差互补原理的无热差光学系统设计方法,建立了一组既消热差又消色差的方程组.给出了应用这种设计方法设计的密接三片和三分离两种结构型式的无热差系统在不同温度时的像面位移、垂轴像差和各色传递函数曲线.     

HL-2M环向场线圈的紧固件设计

针对HL-2M环向场线圈的紧固件的作用和力学性能要求,设计了各不相同的紧固件结构形式,并对各部件的材料、尺寸、螺纹形式、螺母型式、垫片型式、螺套型式等细节进行了相应的研究和选择。对膨胀螺栓的阴阳膨胀套结构进行了相应的模拟分析计算,并进行了相应的实验来验证膨胀螺栓结构的合理性。     

HL-2M������Ȧ�Ľ�̼����

针对HL-2M环向场线圈的紧固件的作用和力学性能要求,设计了各不相同的紧固件结构形式,并对各部件的材料、尺寸、螺纹形式、螺母型式、垫片型式、螺套型式等细节进行了相应的研究和选择.对膨胀螺栓的阴阳膨胀套结构进行了相应的模拟分析计算,并进行了相应的实验来验证膨胀螺栓结构的合理性.     

改善照相物镜轴外象质的探讨

有一些结构型式简单的光学镜头,它们的孔径较大,有着优良的轴上象质,但由于结构型式上无法较正轴外象差,因此视场很小,使用受到限制。本文提出一种改善轴外象质的设想,即在光路中任意加进称之为“视场校正器”的一片或两片单透镜,它对原来镜头的光学性能和轴上象质毫无影响,但是却能使轴外象质得到明显改善。文章对这种视场校正器的光学参数、象差特点进行了讨论,并以f′=100毫米,D/f′=1/4和f′=72毫米,D/f′=1/2两个镜头为例,具体说明视场校正器的应用,当加进视场校正器后,镜头视场可以扩大到原来的1.5—2倍。     

平面反射光栅衍射效率自动测试仪的设计与分析

设计了一种快速自动测试平面反射光栅相对衍射效率的新型系统。它采用连续光源照明,运用双联光栅光谱仪的结构型式,以N沟道增强型场效应管阵列(线阵NMOS)作为光电接收器件。运用光栅光谱仪的相关原理,对系统的测试原理进行了理论分析;并对光学系统进行了像质分析。分析得出,系统装置结构紧凑,电子学系统简化;不存在保证两光栅光谱仪的波长扫描同步问题,具有很好的波长重复性,精度易于保证;较之以往文献中的自动化方案制造成本降低,且操作简便,工作效率提高。研究结果表明：该测试仪工作光谱范围为190～1 100 nm,覆盖了大多数常用光栅的应用波长范围;且系统光谱分辨率小于3 nm,完全满足设计要求,是一种经济可行的方案。     

基于等效膜层理论的1/4规整膜系薄膜偏光分束镜

为了设计制作1/4规整膜系的高性能薄膜偏光分束镜,根据三层对称膜系结构的等效膜层理论和截止带理论,设计了两种对称膜系结构的偏光分束镜。利用TFCalc薄膜软件对两种膜系结构偏光分束镜的分光光谱特性进行了模拟。利用电子枪蒸镀法分别制备了两种膜系结构的偏光分束镜(580~780 nm),并利用分光光度计和搭建的消光比测试系统,对两种膜系结构偏光分束镜的透射率和消光比进行了测试。结果表明,两种膜系结构的偏光分束镜在设计分光光谱范围内透射率可以达到90%以上,消光比优于3×10-3,与理论设计吻合得很好。     

First-principles study on electronic,magnetic properties and optical absorption of vanadium doped rutile TiO2

The electronic, magnetic properties and optical absorption of vanadium (V) doped rutile TiO₂ have been studied by the generalized gradient approximation GGA and GGA+U (Hubbard coefficient) approach respectively. On the one hand, we consider the influence of vanadium with different doping concentration on the electronic structure. On the other hand, we study double V atoms doped TiO₂, mainly study four V-doped TiO₂ configurations, and find the magnetic ground states are ferromagnetic state. For the TiO₂@V-V1, TiO₂@V-V3 and TiO₂@V-V4 configurations without O ion as bridge between V-V atoms, there will have a metastable state of antiferromagnetic configurations, while, for the TiO₂@V-V2 configurations with an O ion as bridge between V-V atoms, due to the existence of superexchange between V-O-V, there will only exist the ground state of ferromagnetic state and there are no other metastable configurations. Furthermore, the optical properties of V-doped TiO₂ are calculated. The results show that the V-doped TiO₂ has strong infrared light absorption and visible light absorption.     

Theoretical analysis of structure, thermodynamic properties, and optical properties of Ge-doped amorphous SiO2

Different stable geometric configurations of Ge doped amorphous SiO₂ (a-SiO₂) system, originating from one, two, or three Si atoms in various places of the a-SiO₂ substituted by Ge atoms randomly have been investigated using interatomic potentials in this work. The most stable structures have been identified and corresponding evolutional rules obtained. The structural growth pattern for Ge-doped a-SiO₂ system is that Ge atoms tend to spread far away from each other and keep away from the center. Furthermore, the thermodynamic properties including speci?c heat, Debye temperature, vibrational entropy, and so on are calculated from the structure with 16 Si atoms of the constructed a-SiO₂ cell replaced by Ge atoms and with the biggest Ge-Ge distance. It can be seen that entropy of Ge doped system with larger specific heat is higher than that of the pure system with smaller specific heat. At last, optical properties including optical absorption spectrum and electron energy loss function of nGe-doped a-SiO₂ (n=0-3, 8) system is also obtained.     

Controllable optical bistability and multistability in a rare-earth-ion-doped optical fiber

We investigated the optical bistability and multistability in an Er³⁺-doped ZrF₄–BaF₂–LaF₃–AlF₃–NaF optical fiber inside an optical ring cavity. It is found that the optical bistability and multistability can be easily controlled via adjusting properly the parameters of the corresponding system. Our scheme may provide some new possibilities for technological applications in optoelectronics and optical-fiber communication.     

First-principle study of electronic structure and optical properties of 3C-BC4N

The 3C-BC₄N, as a kind of superhard material with many potential practical applications, is studied using first-principle calculations, evaluating the structural parameters, charge transfers, bond populations, band structures, density of states, and optical properties. All the calculations are performed after geometric optimization starting from a six-atom, trigonal, and unit-cell structure. The results indicate the following: all the configurations are metastable; the band gap of five configurations of 3C-BC₄N is highly dependent on the atomic arrangement; BC₄N-1 exhibits insulating behavior; BC₄N-3 exhibits semiconductor or semimetallic behavior, while BC₄N-2, BC₄N-4, and BC₄N-5 exhibit metallic behavior; and all the configurations are transparent in the visible light region.     

Design and evaluation of a Blu-ray pickup head system for determining the tilt angle and displacement of the test plane

We present an optical system design for determining the tilt angle and displacement of the test plane. The proposed optical system consists of a Blu-ray pickup head and a pigtailed laser diode with a uniform Gaussian beam. The optical system is evaluated by two optical design software packages, Code V and LightTools. A quadrant detector is used to detect the relative relationship of the V_A, V_B, V_C and V_D output signals, which can be used to measure the tilt angle and displacement on the test plane. Both the tilt angle and displacement on the test plane can be determined from the change in the beam shape on the quadrant detector. The proposed system can generate a circular uniform beam shape to reduce the misjudgment and to enhance the measurement accuracy. Various simulation cases are presented in detail to show the feasibility of the proposed system.     

Pattern dependency comparison of four different 40-Gb/s optical duobinary transmitters using low-bandwidth modulators

We investigate the pattern dependency of the 40-Gb/s optical duobinary signals generated by a 10-Gb/s-rated Mach-Zehnder modulator with four different configurations. These configurations correspond to all possible combinations of a 15-GHz-bandwidth low-pass filter and a 0.24-nm bandwidth optical filter used to shape up the duobinary signals. We compare through experiment the back-to-back sensitivities and transmission performances of the duobinary signals for pseudorandom bit sequence lengths of 2⁷-1 and 2³¹-1. The results show that the combination of the 10-Gb/s-rated modulator and the 0.24-nm optical filter exhibits the best performance in terms of both the receiver sensitivity and pattern dependency owing to the good frequency response of the optical filter.     

Generation of rotating intensity blades by superposing optical vortex beams

A kind of optical beam with controllable rotating intensity blades is generated by coaxially superposing two optical vortex beams with frequency difference (Δω), different topological charges (m₁ and m₂) and equal amplitude. It is shown theoretically that the number of the blades is determined by the subtraction of topological charges (m₁ − m₂) and the angular velocity of the rotating pattern is equal to Δω / (m₁ − m₂). In our experiment, the rotating beams were generated by two optical vortex beams with opposite topological charges, where the frequency difference is acquired by a rotating plate glass. The results are quite in accordance with the simulations.     

Simple wavelength-to-phase mapping FBG's interrogation method

In this work, an interrogation method for FBG sensors is presented based on a wavelength-to-time transformation procedure. The proposed scheme uses an externally modulated broadband source, an optical circulator and three Bragg gratings fixed in three different fiber branches, one acting as sensor (FBG_S) and others two (FBG₁ and FBG₂) acting as wavelength calibration devices. Spectral positions of the reflectivity maximum of FBG_1,2 are slightly different and fixed while FBG_S spectral position lies in the reflection spectral range of FBG_1,2. Moreover, an optical time delay between the reflections of both calibration gratings is introduced including a path length greater in one of the branches. Reflections from both gratings are added by employing a 50/50 coupler. By this set-up, a phase sensible detection technique is generated allowing to reach a sensitivity of up to 660°/nm in the performed experiments. A theoretical analysis of the device performance was carried out showing good agreement with the experimental results. This system combines low cost and high flexibility to be customized in a particular application.     

Optical performance of a versatile illumination system for high divergence LED sources

An efficient flat-top illuminating optical system optimized for an extended light source is presented. The source is a high-brightness high divergence light emitting diode (LED), sized 1 mm × 1 mm, producing monochromatic emission (525 ± 5 nm) with viewing angle of 130°. The design is based on a rotationally symmetrical catadioptric system, developed on a geometrical optics basis, and modelled with ZEMAX^® software. The device consists of two optical systems: (i) a collimating system which, in turn, is formed by an aspheric lenses system (low numerical apertures, NA < 0.26) and two-mirror system (0.26 < NA < 0.86), and (ii) an external mirror (NA > 0.86) designed and optimized for each purpose. By itself, the collimating system works with a residual divergence of θ_C = 1.46°. The external mirror can be adequately designed to produce some given conditions. For instance, a flat-top profile is obtained in the selected focusing plane, with a maximum transversal intensity variation of 2.5% over 18 mm. In addition, when the focusing mirror is allowed to move along the optical axis in a ±1 mm range, other interesting profiles can be reached for a given working distance, therefore increasing the versatility of the system.     

Optical band gap studies and estimation of two photon absorption coefficient in alkali bismuth borate glasses

The optical absorption spectra of the glasses with composition xBi₂O₃·(30???x)R₂O·70B₂O₃ (R?Li, Na, K) and xBi₂O₃·(70???x)B₂O₃·30Li₂O (0?≤?x?≤?20) have been recorded in the wavelength range 350–650?nm. The glass samples were prepared by the normal melt–quench technique. The fundamental absorption edge for all the series of glasses is analyzed using the theory of Davis and Mott. The position of absorption edges and the values of optical band gap are dependent on the mol% of Bi₂O₃. The absorption in these glasses is associated with indirect transitions. The values of Urbach's energy and band tailing parameters are reported. The two photon absorption coefficient, β, in these glasses has also been estimated from the optical band gap and its value ranges from 1.3 to 11.6?cm/GW. The relationship between β and glass composition has also been discussed in terms of the electronic structure of the glass system.