非平衡统计信息理论

阐述了以表述信息演化规律的信息（熵）演化方程为核心的非平 衡统计信息理论.推导出了 Shannon信息（熵）的非线性演化方程，引入了统计物理信息并 推导出了它的非线性演化方程.这两种信息（熵）演化方程一致表明：统计信息（熵）密度 随时间的变化率是由其在坐标空间（和态变量空间）的漂移、扩散和减损（产生）三者引起 的.由此方程出发，给出了统计信息减损率和统计熵产生率的简明公式、漂移信息流和扩散 信息流的表达式，证明了非平衡系统内的统计信息减损（或增加）率等于它的统计熵产生（ 或减少）率、信息扩散与信息减损同时 关键词： 统计信息（熵）演化方程 统计信息减损率 统计熵产 生率 信息（熵）流 信息（熵）扩散 动态互信息     

第一讲信息的产生与获得(上)

信息是物质运动本身的属性．通过大自然发出的信息理解宇宙，发现自然规律，是科学永恒的主题．现代信息科学技术使人们能够超越感觉器官和神经系统的生理极限，以前所未有的方式获取自然的信息．文章回溯了人类获取自然信息的历史过程及其不同发展阶段的科学内涵与技术特征，阐述了信息对科学发展的决定性意义，概括地介绍了人类探寻科学信息的某些前沿活动，讨论了它们对探索者的启示．     

社交网络中信息传播的稳定性研究

社交网络已成为当前最重要的信息传播媒体之一,因此有必要研究信息在社交网络上的传播规律.本文探索了包含遏制机制和遗忘机制的信息传播机理,提出了信息传播的模型,给出了信息传播的规则,建立了相应的平均场方程,计算了平衡点和基本再生数R_0,并从理论上证明了平衡点的渐进稳定性.仿真实验分析了遏制机制、遗忘机制等因素对信息传播过程的影响,并验证了所得结论的正确性.     

支持多格式工程图档信息的提取方法与实现

随着科学技术的进步，制造业进入了企业信息化发展的阶段，而有关产品的各种工程信息在设计、生产、销售、服务等整个产品寿命周期中的畅通流动是实现信息化的关键环节之～，其中，快速、准确地获取有效的工程信息是保证信息畅通流动的基础，因此工程信息提取技术在业界得到了广泛的关注和发展。工程信息中的非几何特征信息（以设计图纸的标题栏和明细表信息为代表）表达了产品结构、零部件属性、装配关系及所属关系等产品特征，另外，该信息还贯穿了整个产品寿命周期，因此，提取此类信息并进行有机的组合不仅从总体上体现了产品轮廓特征，也是实现产品配置管理、信息集成、数据共享的重要基础，     

XML在网络教育信息标准化中的应用

先阐述了网络教育信息标准化的意义,简要介绍目前网络教育信息标准化国际国内现状;再详细地介绍了什么是XML以及它的特点及优势,最后从网络教育信息标准化与XML之间的切合点论述了XML在网络教育信息标准化中的应用。     

利用多种信息源的可靠性评估方法

进行小样本可靠性评估的关键是充分利用由科学分析和专家经验得到的主观信息以及输入参数的基本试验信息.主观推断一般仅能得到可靠性的不完全先验信息,这些信息通常以可靠度均值或可信区间的形式存在.针对成败型及正态型试验,用最大熵原理将不完全信息转化为相应的共轭型先验信息,而输入量的试验信息通过功能函数和统计理论被转化成输出量的先验信息.先验信息和试验信息的融合则通过贝叶斯理论来实现.介绍了计算方法,通过算例分析了非试验信息对可靠度后验分布、试验次数以及可靠度评估结果的影响.     

优先权排队在消防物联网中的应用

针对消防物联网系统中消防监控中心收到的火警信息存在延迟,可能导致救火作战时机延误的问题,提出了一种火警信息优先传输的解决方案。首先,推导出FCFS的M/M/1排队系统的运行指标;其次,将消防报警信息分为火警报警信息、火警消除信息、故障报警信息和故障消除信息等四个优先级,建立非抢占优先权排队系统,并推导出各个优先级的运行指标;最后,从平均逗留时间和平均队长两个维度,比较了非抢占优先权排队系统和M/M/1系统的性能。提出的火警信息优先传输方案,满足了火警信息时延小的要求,同时实现复杂度低,为消防物联网安全信息数据的获取提供一定的理论支撑。     

四维二粒子超密编码的单向通信方案

根据超密编码原理,考虑到与经典的二进制编码相融合,提出了利用四维二粒子进行超密编码的单向通信方案。在该方案中,信息发送者在对其拥有的粒子进行幺正变换后,将粒子发送给信息接收者。然后信息接收者对二个粒子进行联合测量,根据测量结果,就可以推知信息发送者已作了那种幺正变换,每种幺正变换对应着4 bits经典信息,从而得知信息发送者要传送的信息。最后,对该通信方案进行了安全性分析。     

基于激光光束轨道角动量的8位数据信号产生与检测的实验研究

本文研究了利用激光光束的轨道角动量进行8位数据信息传输的技术. 建立了一套利用光束轨道角动量进行8位数据信息传输的系统, 在信息调制部分采用可选通控制的光源阵列和相位调制屏实现光束轨道角动量态的编码复用, 在信息解调部分采用二元振幅光栅进行轨道角动量态检测,实现了无误码的数据信息传输.     

基于格式化文本颜色的安全增强信息隐藏方法

随着办公自动化的日益普及,文本成为信息存储和传输的重要载体,基于文本的信息隐藏技术凸显研究价值。针对文本的信息隐藏方法存在隐藏容量小、安全性低的特点,提出了基于格式化文本中字体RGB颜色值的安全增强信息隐藏方法,依据Kerckhoffs准则和康托展开式设计了隐藏信息的编码方法和信息隐藏过程,分析了该方法的使用条件、隐藏容量、安全性和适用性。通过实验验证,该方法具有较好的信息隐藏容量,适用范围广泛且具安全性较强,具有一定的实用价值。     

A general information theoretical proof for the second law of thermodynamics

It is shown that the conservation and the non-additivity of the information, together with the additivity of the entropy, make the entropy increase in an isolated system. The collapse of the entangled quantum state offers an example of the information non-additivity. Nevertheless, the non-additivity of information is also true in other fields in which the interaction information is important. Examples are classical statistical mechanics, social statistics and financial processes. The second law of thermodynamics is thus proven in its most general form. It is exactly true not only in quantum and classical physics but also in other processes in which the information is conservative and non-additive. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10305001)     

关于高速摄影系统的信息量

本文分别讨论了狭缝扫描高速摄影系统、分幅高速摄影系统以及网格高速摄影系统的信息量计算公式.在讨论分幅摄影系统时,指出了光快门作用对空间自由度的影响.     

On the Value of Information in Status Update Systems

The age of information (AoI) is now well established as a metric that measures the freshness of information delivered to a receiver from a source that generates status updates. This paper is motivated by the inherent value of packets arising in many cyber-physical applications (e.g., due to precision of the information content or an alarm message). In contrast to AoI, which considers all packets are of equal importance or value, we consider status update systems with update packets carrying values as well as their generated time stamps. A status update packet has a random initial value at the source and a deterministic deadline after which its value vanishes (called ultimate staleness). In our model, the value of a packet either remains constant until the deadline or decreases in time (even after reception) starting from its generation to the deadline when it vanishes. We consider two metrics for the value of information (VoI) at the receiver: sum VoI is the sum of the current values of all packets held by the receiver, whereas packet VoI is the value of a packet at the instant it is delivered to the receiver. We investigate various queuing disciplines under potential dependence between value and service time and provide closed form expressions for both average sum VoI and packet VoI at the receiver. Numerical results illustrate the average VoI for different scenarios and relations between average sum VoI and average packet VoI.     

Dynamic statistical information theory

In recent years we extended Shannon static statistical information theory to dynamic processes and established a Shannon dynamic statistical information theory, whose core is the evolution law of dynamic entropy and dynamic information. We also proposed a corresponding Boltzmman dynamic statistical information theory. Based on the fact that the state variable evolution equation of respective dynamic systems, i.e. Fokker-Planck equation and Liouville diffusion equation can be regarded as their information symbol evolution equation, we derived the nonlinear evolution equations of Shannon dynamic entropy density and dynamic information density and the nonlinear evolution equations of Boltzmann dynamic entropy density and dynamic information density, that describe respectively the evolution law of dynamic entropy and dynamic information. The evolution equations of these two kinds of dynamic entropies and dynamic informations show in unison that the time rate of change of dynamic entropy densities is caused by their drift, diffusion and production in state variable space inside the systems and coordinate space in the transmission processes; and that the time rate of change of dynamic information densities originates from their drift, diffusion and dissipation in state variable space inside the systems and coordinate space in the transmission processes. Entropy and information have been combined with the state and its law of motion of the systems. Furthermore we presented the formulas of two kinds of entropy production rates and information dissipation rates, the expressions of two kinds of drift information flows and diffusion information flows. We proved that two kinds of information dissipation rates (or the decrease rates of the total information) were equal to their corresponding entropy production rates (or the increase rates of the total entropy) in the same dynamic system. We obtained the formulas of two kinds of dynamic mutual informations and dynamic channel capacities reflecting the dynamic dissipation characteristics in the transmission processes, which change into their maximum—the present static mutual information and static channel capacity under the limit case where the proportion of channel length to information transmission rate approaches to zero. All these unified and rigorous theoretical formulas and results are derived from the evolution equations of dynamic information and dynamic entropy without adding any extra assumption. In this review, we give an overview on the above main ideas, methods and results, and discuss the similarity and difference between two kinds of dynamic statistical information theories.     

Dicke模型中的偏态信息

利用Wigner-Yanase偏态信息的定义,通过Dicke模型研究了数态光场的信息向原子系综的动力学转移.研究表明多个二能级原子组成的系综具备存储并释放光场信息的功能,但是,通过该模型光场信息只是部分地向原子系综转移.通过增加原子个数,光场信息的残留可以得到一定程度的抑制.     

Relationship between Age and Value of Information for a Noisy Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Process

The age of information (AoI) has been widely used to quantify the information freshness in real-time status update systems. As the AoI is independent of the inherent property of the source data and the context, we introduce a mutual information-based value of information (VoI) framework for hidden Markov models. In this paper, we investigate the VoI and its relationship to the AoI for a noisy Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) process. We explore the effects of correlation and noise on their relationship, and find logarithmic, exponential and linear dependencies between the two in three different regimes. This gives the formal justification for the selection of non-linear AoI functions previously reported in other works. Moreover, we study the statistical properties of the VoI in the example of a queue model, deriving its distribution functions and moments. The lower and upper bounds of the average VoI are also analysed, which can be used for the design and optimisation of freshness-aware networks. Numerical results are presented and further show that, compared with the traditional linear age and some basic non-linear age functions, the proposed VoI framework is more general and suitable for various contexts.     

信息化条件下光电装备保障信息系统技术研究

随着信息化的不断深化和我军光电装备建设实现历史性突破,急需把握信息化条件下光电装备保障信息系统的新特点和规律。深入揭示了光电装备保障信息系统是提升光电装备保障能力水平的根本保证。在明确信息化光电装备保障内涵的基础上,分析了信息化光电装备保障系统的军事需求及体系能力,给出了信息化条件下光电装备保障信息对象、系统组成和基本功能,以及使用计算机和信息化技术设计光电装备保障信息系统的过程和关键技术。     

Optimal Information Update for Energy Harvesting Sensor with Reliable Backup Energy

The timely delivery of status information collected from sensors is critical in many real-time applications, e.g., monitoring and control. In this paper, we consider a scenario where a wireless sensor sends updates to the destination over an erasure channel with the supply of harvested energy and reliable backup energy. We adopt the metric age of information (AoI) to measure the timeliness of the received updates at the destination. We aim to find the optimal information updating policy that minimizes the time-average weighted sum of the AoI and the reliable backup energy cost. First, when all the environmental statistics are assumed to be known, the optimal information updating policy exists and is proved to have a threshold structure. Based on this special structure, an algorithm for efficiently computing the optimal policy is proposed. Then, for the unknown environment, a learning-based algorithm is employed to find a near-optimal policy. The simulation results verify the correctness of the theoretical derivation and the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Implementation and Evaluation of Age-Aware Downlink Scheduling Policies in Push-Based and Pull-Based Communication

As communication systems evolve to better cater to the needs of machine-type applications such as remote monitoring and networked control, advanced perspectives are required for the design of link layer protocols. The age of information (AoI) metric has firmly taken its place in the literature as a metric and tool to measure and control the data freshness demands of various applications. AoI measures the timeliness of transferred information from the point of view of the destination. In this study, we experimentally investigate AoI of multiple packet flows on a wireless multi-user link consisting of a transmitter (base station) and several receivers, implemented using software-defined radios (SDRs). We examine the performance of various scheduling policies under push-based and pull-based communication scenarios. For the push-based communication scenario, we implement age-aware scheduling policies from the literature and compare their performance with those of conventional scheduling methods. Then, we investigate the query age of information (QAoI) metric, an adaptation of the AoI concept for pull-based scenarios. We modify the former age-aware policies to propose variants that have a QAoI minimization objective. We share experimental results obtained in a simulation environment as well as on the SDR testbed.     

Quantum Information and Entropy

Thermodynamic entropy is not an entirely satisfactory measure of information of a quantum state. This entropy for an unknown pure state is zero, although repeated measurements on copies of such a pure state do communicate information. In view of this, we propose a new measure for the informational entropy of a quantum state that includes information in the pure states and the thermodynamic entropy. The origin of information is explained in terms of an interplay between unitary and non-unitary evolution. Such complementarity is also at the basis of the so-called interaction-free measurement.