Absolute frequency measurements of the 2(3)S1-->2(3)P 0,1,2 atomic helium transitions around 1083 nm

We measure the frequency of the 2(3)S1-->2(3)P(0,1,2) transitions of helium in a metastable beam using an optical frequency comb synthesizer. The relative uncertainty of these measurements ranging from 5x10(-11) to 7x10(-12) is, to our knowledge, the most precise result for any optical helium transition. Considering existing accurate values of the 2(3)P fine structure, we measure a centroid value of the 2(3)S-2(3)P frequency of 276 736 495 624.6(2.4) kHz, improving the previous interferometric measurement by 30 times. New accurate values of the 2(3)S-2(3)P and 2(3)P Lamb-shift energies are obtained.     

Improved measurement of the hydrogen 1S-2S transition frequency

We have measured the 1S-2S transition frequency in atomic hydrogen via two-photon spectroscopy on a 5.8 K atomic beam. We obtain f(1S-2S) = 2,466,061,413,187,035 (10) Hz for the hyperfine centroid, in agreement with, but 3.3 times better than the previous result [M. Fischer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 230802 (2004)]. The improvement to a fractional frequency uncertainty of 4.2 × 10(-15) arises mainly from an improved stability of the spectroscopy laser, and a better determination of the main systematic uncertainties, namely, the second order Doppler and ac and dc Stark shifts. The probe laser frequency was phase coherently linked to the mobile cesium fountain clock FOM via a frequency comb.     

可搬运锶光晶格钟系统不确定度的评估

可搬运光学原子钟在科学研究和工程应用中具有重要意义.本文测量了可搬运87Sr光晶格钟系统的主要频移,包括黑体辐射频移、碰撞频移、晶格光交流斯塔克频移、二阶塞曼频移等.首先实验上测量了磁光阱腔体表面的温度分布,分析了不同热源对原子团的影响,得到黑体辐射总的相对频移修正量为50.4×10^-16.相对不确定度为5.1×10^-17.然后利用分时自比对方法,评估了碰撞频移、晶格光交流斯塔克频移和二阶塞曼频移.结果表明,由黑体辐射引起的频移量最大,晶格光交流斯塔克频移的不确定度最大,系统总的相对频移修正量为58.8×10^-16,总不确定度为2.3×10^-16.该工作为可搬运87Sr光晶格钟之后的性能提升和应用提供了条件.     

Measurement of the absolute energy level and hyperfine structure of the 87Rb 4D5/2 state

We have measured the absolute frequency of the excited state transition 5P(3/2)-4D(5/2) in a (87)Rb atom with a femtosecond frequency comb, utilizing the recently developed spectroscopic technique of the double resonance optical pumping method. The absolute energy level of the 4D(5/2) state is determined by measuring the absolute frequency of the 5S(1/2)-5P(3/2) transition simultaneously. The hyperfine structure constants of the 4D(5/2) state are obtained by using the measured frequency. The magnetic dipole constant, A, is determined to be (-16.747+/-0.010) MHz with an uncertainty reduced 60-fold compared with a previous result. The electric quadrupole constant, B, is determined, for what is to our knowledge the first time, to be (4.149+/-0.059) MHz.     

The Zeeman effect for helium atom

The g-factors of the 23P, 21P, and 33P states of the helium atom are calculated by using the vatiational wave functions constructed from the linear combinations of Slater-type basis sets. The relativistic corrections to order α2(a.u.) and the effect of the motion of the center of mass are treated by using first-order perturbation theory. Most of our predicted results are in good agreement with recent results of Yan and Drake, which were obtained by using the wave functions with doubled Hylleraas coordinates. Based on the analysis of the convergence pattern in our calculation, we believe that our predicted value of the δgL-factor for 33P state in 4He, 2.914 15×10-7, ought to be reasonable and accurate, although there are no corresponding experimental data available in the liteature yet to be compared with.     

实现半导体激光器频率跟踪和锁定的新方法

本文报道实现半导体激光器连续频率跟踪和锁定的一种新方法:利用法拉第反常色散光学滤波器(FADOF)的透射谱作鉴频器,改变法拉第反常色散光学滤波器的磁场强度,实现频率跟踪和稳频.实验得到,当磁场从0.7×10~(-2)T变到2.2×10~(-2)T时,半导体激光器在～2GHz范围内跟踪锁定,其频率稳定度优于2.1×10~(-10)(100ms≤τ≤10s).     

Cs(6D_J)+(H_2,H_e)的反应与非反应碰撞能量转移

在样品池条件下,利用原子荧光光谱方法,测量了Cs(6DJ)与H2,He碰撞中的反应与非反应能量转移截面.利用脉冲激光886nm线双光子激发Cs(6S)到Cs(6D3/2)态,原子荧光中除含有6D3/2→6P的直接荧光外,还含有6D5/2→6P的转移荧光.利用三能级模型的速率方程分析,在不同的He和H2密度下,分别测垦直接荧光与转移荧光的时间积分荧光强度比,得到了6D3/2与H2和He碰撞的精细结构转移截面分别为σ=(55±13)×10-16和(16±4)×10-16 cm2,同时确定了6D5/2与H2和He的碰撞猝灭速率系数.6D5/2态与H2的碰撞猝灭速率系数比6D5/2与He的大,它是反应与非反应速率系数之和,利用实验数据确定非反应速率系数为6.3×10-10 cm3·s-1,得到6D5/2与H2的反应截面为(2.0±0.8)×10-16 cm2.利用不同H2(或He)密度下6D5/2→6P3/2时间积分荧光强度,得到6D3/2与H2反应截面为(4.0±1.6)×10-16 cm2,6D3/2与H2反应的活性大于6D5/2.     

High-accuracy optical clock based on the octupole transition in 171Yb+

We experimentally investigate an optical frequency standard based on the 467 nm (642 THz) electric-octupole reference transition (2)S(1/2)(F=0)→(2)F(7/2)(F=3) in a single trapped (171)Yb(+) ion. The extraordinary features of this transition result from the long natural lifetime and from the 4f(13)6s(2) configuration of the upper state. The electric-quadrupole moment of the (2)F(7/2) state is measured as -0.041(5)ea(0)(2), where e is the elementary charge and a(0) the Bohr radius. We also obtain information on the differential scalar and tensorial components of the static polarizability and of the probe-light-induced ac Stark shift of the octupole transition. With a real-time extrapolation scheme that eliminates this shift, the unperturbed transition frequency is realized with a fractional uncertainty of 7.1×10(-17). The frequency is measured as 642 121 496 772 645.15(52) Hz.     

足球烯分子三阶非线性光学性质的研究

报道了有关足球烯分子甲苯溶液中简并四波混频实验.测量出足球烯C_(70)分子和C_(60)分子的三阶超极化率张量y_(1111)分量分别为1.2×10~(-30)esu和4.0×10~(-31)esu.对应于固体样品的三阶非线性光学系数X_(1111)分量分别是2.5×10~(-8)esu和8.5×10~(-9)esu.此结果表明了足球烯分子是现有的非线性光学材料中具有较大三阶非共振电子极化率材料之一.文中还利用自由电子模型解释了非线性光学极化率的起源.     

掺铥钨酸钡单晶生长和光谱研究

采用Czochralski 法生长出光学质量的BaWO₄:Tm³⁺单晶,利用X粉末衍射实验确定了不同掺杂浓度晶体的晶胞参数.测定了晶体的室温吸收光谱,应用Juud-Ofelt理论,拟合了光谱的3个强度参数,其值分别为Ω₂=404×10^-20cm²,Ω₄=0509×10^-20cm²,Ω关键词： 4：Tm³⁺单晶')" href="#">BaWO₄：Tm³⁺单晶 吸收谱 光谱参数 上转换发光     

Precision calculation of blackbody radiation shifts for optical frequency metrology

We show that three group IIIB divalent ions, B(+), Al(+), and In(+), have anomalously small blackbody radiation (BBR) shifts of the ns(2) (1)S(0)-nsnp (3)P(0)(o) clock transitions. The fractional BBR shifts for these ions are at least 10 times smaller than those of any other present or proposed optical frequency standards at the same temperature, and are less than 0.3% of the Sr clock shift. We have developed a hybrid configuration-interaction + coupled-cluster method that provides accurate treatment of correlation corrections in such ions and yields a rigorous upper bound on the uncertainty of the final results. We reduce the BBR contribution to the fractional frequency uncertainty of the Al(+) clock to 4×10(-19) at T=300 K. We also reduce the uncertainties due to this effect at room temperature to 10(-18) level for B(+) and In(+) to facilitate further development of these systems for metrology and quantum sensing.     

三分量光弹波导混合集成加速度传感器

三分量光弹波导M-Z干涉型集成加速度传感器的研究,为高频高精度地震勘探提供集成化的高精度传感器.利用光弹原理,分析了光弹效应检测任意方向加速度的原理.在X切Y传LiNbO3晶体上,设计制作了光波导双M-Z干涉仪及各集成器件：波导相位调制器、波导偏振器.三分量光弹波导M-Z干涉型集成加速度传感器测试表明：该传感器动态范围宽、线性性好.主要参数为：相位灵敏度达1.81×10－4Rad/m·s－2;工作频带3~1506(Hz).     

Optical-feedback cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy with a quantum cascade laser

Optical-feedback cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy is demonstrated in the mid-IR by using a quantum cascade laser (emitting at 4.46 μm). The laser linewidth reduction and frequency locking by selective optical feedback from the resonant cavity field turns out to be particularly advantageous in this spectral range: It allows strong cavity transmission, which compensates for low light sensitivity, especially when using room-temperature detectors. We obtain a noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 3 × 10(-9)/cm for 1 s averaging of spectra composed by 100 independent points. At 4.46 μm, this yields a detection limit of 35 parts in 10(12) by volume for N(2)O at 50 mbar, corresponding to 4 × 10(7) molecules/cm(3), or still to 1 fmol in the sample volume.     

Optical nonlinear characteristics of MgF_2 films containing Cu nanoparticles

An investigation is made on the optical nonlinear characteristics of MgF2 fihns containing Cu nanoparticles. When the Cu volume fraction is 0.1, at approximately εm ＋ 2εd = 0, the film exhibits a strong thirdorder optical nonlinear refractive coefficient of 1.0×10^-9 cm2/W, a nonlinear refractive index of about -4.0×10^-7 esu, a third-order optical nonlinear response of about 6.8×10^-8s esu, and a figure of merit of about 1.0×10^-11. The result shows that the film may have potential applications in optoelectronic technology.     

用高压显微光谱系统测量流体静压力对非晶态As2S3光学吸收边的影响

用金刚石对顶砧高压显微光谱系统在0—66kbar的流体静压力范围内测量了a-As₂S₃的光学吸收达随压力的移动特性。发现a-As₂S₃的光学吸收边随压力的增加而迅速红移。在计算机上用最小二乘法对实验点进行了拟合,结果得出吸收边和压力之间的关系为:E_g(P)=E_g(0)-1.31×10^-3P-3.91×10^-4P²+4.04×10^-6P³值得注意的是|dE_g/dP|和压力之间的关系经历了一个先是增大,然后再减小以至于趋于饱和的过程。这和Weinstein等人先前的实验结果是有所不同的。 关键词：     

激光二极管相对于铯饱和吸收D2线的无调制扰动三次谐波锁频

将频率调制加在声光调制器上 ,用三次谐波探测法获得了铯原子D2 线的三阶微分饱和光谱。采用这种激光器无调制扰动方案结合三次谐波锁频技术 ,实现了 85 2nm的分布布拉格反射器半导体激光器相对于 6S1/2 F =4- 6P3 /2 F′ =5超精细跃线的频率锁定。由锁定后的频率误差信号估算 ,10s内激光频率起伏小于± 35 0kHz ,相对频率稳定度约 1× 10 -9。这种无调制扰动方案可以消除一般的饱和吸收稳频方法中由于直接对激光器进行频率调制而带来的额外频率噪声 ;三次谐波锁频技术的应用 ,还可有效地降低铯原子饱和吸收谱中剩余多普勒背景的影响     

Cs(6DJ)+Cs(6S1/2)非弹性碰撞转移截面的测定

在9×1014～2.1×1015cm-3 Cs密度范围内,利用脉冲激光双光子激发Cs(6S1/2)到Cs(6D5/2)态,使用原子荧光光谱方法,通过三能级模型的速率方程分析,由对直接荧光和转移荧光的时间积分强度的测量,得到6D5/2→6D3/2精细结构转移截面为(2.1±0.4)×10-14cm2,而6D3/2态向6D以外态的转移截面为(1.6±0.4)×10-14cm2,它应是过程Cs(6 D3/2)+Cs(6S)→Cs(6P)+Cs(6P),6D3/2→7P3/2和6D3/2→7 P1/2碰撞转移截面之和.第二个实验可以得到6 D3/2→7P3/2和6D3/2→7 P1/2的碰撞转移截面.在1×1012～6×1012cm-3的低密度Cs蒸气中,激光双光子激发6S至6D3/2或6D5/2态,测量6DJ→6PJ'与7PJ"→6S1/2的时间积分荧光强度比,得到6D3/2→7P1/2与6D5/2→7R3/2的碰撞转移截面分别为(7.6±2.4)×10-15cm2与(1.6±0.5)×10-15cm2.由此得到碰撞能量合并的逆过程即[Cs(6D3/2)+Cs(6S1/2)→Cs(6P)+Cs(6P)]的转移截面为(1.3±0.4)×10-14cm2.     

Bi2S3纳米复合材料的非线性光学性质

利用单光束 Z扫描技术 ,在波长为 1 .0 64μm、脉宽为 38ps条件下测定了不同热处理条件下表面包覆纳米 Bi2 S3 掺杂有机改性硅酸盐材料的三阶光学非线性。结果发现室温下自然干燥的样品和在 N2 气氛下 1 50℃加热处理 2小时后的样品的三阶光学非线性极化系数分别为5.8× 1 0 -1 3 esu和 3.7× 1 0 -1 2 esu。后者的三阶光学非线性极化系数比前者几乎大一个数量级。显然 ,适当的热处理能增强样品的三阶光学非线性。对此现象进行了分析和讨论。     

Measuring δ(13)C values of atmospheric acetaldehyde via sodium bisulfite adsorption and cysteamine derivatisation

δ(13)C values of gaseous acetaldehyde were measured by gas chromatograph-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC-C-IRMS) via sodium bisulfite (NaHSO(3)) adsorption and cysteamine derivatisation. Gaseous acetaldehyde was collected via NaHSO(3)-coated Sep-Pak(?) silica gel cartridge, then derivatised with cysteamine, and then the δ(13)C value of the acetaldehyde-cysteamine derivative was measured by GC-C-IRMS. Using two acetaldehydes with different δ(13)C values, derivatisation experiments were carried out to cover concentrations between 0.009×10(-3) and 1.96×10(-3)?mg·l(-1)) of atmospheric acetaldehyde, and then δ(13)C fractionation was evaluated in the derivatisation of acetaldehyde based on stoichiometric mass balance after measuring the δ(13)C values of acetaldehyde, cysteamine and the acetaldehyde-cysteamine derivative. δ(13)C measurements in the derivertisation process showed good reproducibility (<0.5?‰) for gaseous acetaldehyde. The differences between predicted and measured δ(13)C values were 0.04-0.31?‰ for acetaldehyde-cysteamine derivative, indicating that the derivatisation introduces no isotope fractionation for gaseous acetaldehyde, and obtained δ(13)C values of acetaldehyde in ambient air at the two sites were distinct (-34.00?‰ at an urban site versus-31.00?‰ at a forest site), implying potential application of the method to study atmospheric acetaldehyde.     

Predictions of γ(4S)→h_b(1P,2P)π^+π^- transitions

We study the contributions of intermediate bottomonium-like Zb states and the bottom meson loops in the heavy quark spin flip transitionsγ(4 S)→hb(1 P,2 P)π+π-.Depending on the constructive or destructive interferences between the Zb-exchange and the bottom meson loops mechanisms,we predict two possible branching ratios for each process:BRγ(4 S)→hb(1 P)π+π-≈(1.20.40.8×10^-6)or(0.5-0.20.5×10^-6),and BRγ(4 S)→(2 P)π+π-≈(7.1-1.1+1.7×10^-10)or(2.4-0.10.2×10^-10)).The contribution of the bottom meson loops is found to be considerably larger than that of the Zbexchange in the T(4 S)→hb(1 P)ππtransitions,while its decay rates are not comparable to those of heavy quark spin conservedγ(4 S)→γ(1 S,2 S)ππprocesses.We also predict the contribution of the charm meson loops in the branch fractions ofΨ(3 S,4 S)→hc(1 P)ππ.