Exciton emissions of CdS nanowire array fabricated on Cd foil by the solvothermal method

Nanowires have recently attracted more attention because of their low-dimensional structure, tunable optical and electrical properties for next-generation nanoscale optoelectronic devices. Cd S nanowire array, which is(002)-orientation growth and approximately perpendicular to Cd foil substrate, has been fabricated by the solvothermal method. In the temperature-dependent photoluminescence, from short wavelength to long wavelength, four peaks can be ascribed to the emissions from the bandgap, the transition from the holes being bound to the donors or the electrons being bound to the acceptors, the transition from Cd interstitials to Cd vacancies, and the transition from S vacancies to the valence band,respectively. In the photoluminescence of 10 K, the emission originated from the bandgap appears in the form of multiple peaks. Two stronger peaks and five weaker peaks can be observed. The energy differences of the adjacent peaks are close to 38 me V, which is ascribed to the LO phonon energy of Cd S. For the multiple peaks of bandgap emission, from low energy to high energy, the first, second, and third peaks are contributed to the third-order, second-order, and first-order phonon replica of the free exciton A, respectively;the fourth peak is originated from the free exciton A;the fifth peak is contributed to the first-order phonon replica of the excitons bound to neutral donors;the sixth and seventh peaks are originated from the excitons bound to neutral donors and the light polarization parallel to the c axis of hexagonal Cd S, respectively.     

Profile of Sira Ltd

Previously known as the British Scientific Instrument Research Association, Sira has continued, since its formation in 1918, to offer a service to both users and manufacturers of instruments that involves the application of new developments in optics to serve the needs of industry. The two operating divisions are able to provide multidisciplinary teams to work on a variety of different problems, including instrument evaluation and calibration, conference and course organisation, and the application of measurement science to solve new industrial problems. By way of example, two recent projects described include the use of the principle of thermoelasticity to display the distribution of stress on the surface of a structure subjected to periodic loading, and a TV-imaging technique that enables a surface flaw to be quantified objectively in relation to a standard.     

Simulating coupled dynamics of a rigid-flexible multibody system and compressible fluid

As a subsequent work of previous studies of authors, a new parallel computation approach is proposed to simulate the coupled dynamics of a rigid-flexible multibody system and compressible fluid. In this approach, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used to model the compressible fluid, the natural coordinate formulation (NCF) and absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) are used to model the rigid and flexible bodies, respectively. In order to model the compressible fluid properly and efficiently via SPH method, three measures are taken as follows. The first is to use the Riemann solver to cope with the fluid compressibility, the second is to define virtual particles of SPH to model the dynamic interaction between the fluid and the multibody system, and the third is to impose the boundary conditions of periodical inflow and outflow to reduce the number of SPH particles involved in the computation process. Afterwards, a parallel computation strategy is proposed based on the graphics processing unit (GPU) to detect the neighboring SPH particles and to solve the dynamic equations of SPH particles in order to improve the computation efficiency. Meanwhile, the generalized-alpha algorithm is used to solve the dynamic equations of the multibody system. Finally, four case studies are given to validate the proposed parallel computation approach.     

矿山多源遥感图像像点位移测试系统设计

针对矿山地形的起伏变化影响对其进行分析研究的准确性,提出矿上多源遥感图像像点位移测试系统的设计方法。结合GPS定位原理,选取遥感图像上某一时刻点作为测试点,对拍摄得到的矿山图像和电子测试系统各触点之间的距离进行计算,进而得到测试点具体坐标位置,将其与测试点真实现场坐标相对比,实现矿山多源遥感图像像点位移的测试。通过实验证明,所设计的测试系统可以高精度实现对遥感图像像点位移的测试,有效减小了矿山地形变化带来的遥感图像研究误差。     

Multistep processes in nuclear reactions

Recent applications of the theory of Feshbach, Kerman and Koonin to analyse multistep processes in nuclear reactions are described, and illustrated by detailed comparisons with a range of experimental data for neutron and proton reactions. The techniques used to distinguish between the multistep direct, multistep compound, compound and collective contributions to the cross-sections are described, and their effectiveness assessed. Particular attention is devoted to recent analyses that take into account the transitions from the multistep direct to the multistep compound chain and also to those that evaluate the collective contributions to the continuum region. The variation of the effective nucleonnucleon interaction with incident energy and target nucleus is studied, and the possibility of a parameter-free calculation is discussed. The extensions of the theory to include multiparticle emission from the direct chain and also to studies of alpha-particle emission are described.     

信噪比后滤波与特征空间融合的最小方差超声成像算法

为了提高超声成像空间分辨率和对比度,提出了一种信噪比后滤波与特征空间融合的最小方差波束形成算法。首先,利用信号子空间划分将最小方差算法得到的权矢量投影到信号子空间中提高成像对比度,然后基于信号相干性设计滤波系数,并引入基于信噪比的噪声加权系数,最终得到融合信噪比后滤波与特征空间的最小方差算法。为验证本算法的有效性,使用FieldⅡ对点目标和吸声斑目标进行了仿真实验验证,并采用密歇根大学geabr_0实验数据进行成像。实验结果表明:所提算法在对比度和分辨率上均有所提高,明显优于传统延时叠加算法,最小方差算法和ESBMV_wiener算法,且对噪声具有较强鲁棒性。      

圆柱螺旋弹簧迟滞的检测和补偿

介绍一种利用微电容测量技术检测圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧迟滞和利用单片机技术对迟滞进行补偿的实验方法,该方法涉及螺旋机构、电子秤和拟合曲线的求法等.通过这一实验,能帮助学生理解真实材料在一定程度上存在迟滞现象,掌握变极距电容传感器的概念,提高知识的综合应用能力和设计动手能力.     

基于风洞的设备健康管理与数据有效性判定平台研究

低速增压风洞是满足我国航空工业科技发展而建设的一座气动力重大基础试验设施。为了保障该设施的高效率和可靠地运行,以各机电设备、电气测控设备、机械装置为对象,根据其故障模式和故障特点选取合适的监测点,获取实时工作状态数据,再以数据为基础,进行状态监测、故障诊断、故障预测,实现预先性决策和针对性快速维修。基于OSA-CBM 体系构建的风洞健康管理系统,根据设备的运行状态,实现对试验数据的有效性进行实时判定,并实现了风洞装备由事后维修向视情维修转变;实现了装备从使用、维护、管理模式由分散式管理向集约式管理的转变;实现了装备系统故障诊、预测及判读从人工智能向机器智能的转变。     

基于TD-LTE的智慧油田测控系统的研究与实现

对基于TD-LTE的智能测控系统的设计进行了研究,进行了软硬件系统架构及组网性能的分析,提出了下一代IPV6协议的电子标签式设备管理模式。该智能测控系统以AT91SAM9263EK为微处理器,以Linux为操作系统平台,为传感器连接、电量监测、示功仪测量等扩展了各种接口,实时获取各个从站数据存储到modbus对应4个区地址内,并动态映射到sqlite3数据库中,实现了位移、载荷和电流数据的同步,通过4G网络以MODUBS/TCP协议发送到数字中心。管理软件轮询采集各油井的各项参数,存储到本地Oracle数据库,为大数据挖掘分析作标准数据储备,对设备的运行状态、意外突发远程启停井等做全生命周期管理,实现了全油区油水井管理物联化、数字化、自动化的新型管理体系的目标。     

基于i6000的信息通信资源申请系统的研究

为满足不同业务资源申请审批,实现业务标准化及信息化,不同业务流程网上流转和无纸化办公,需要对信息通信资源申请系统进行设计。当前申请系统是将申请流程定义为一个五元组制定资源申请指标,设置资源申请定时器,如果定时警报响起,则将申请直接驳回至缓存队列中,继续等待申请,迭代上述过程,完成对信息通信资源申请系统设计。但没有设定迭代需要达到的指标,导致申请流程循环性严重,申请效率低。为此,提出了一种基于i6000的信息通信资源申请系统设计方法。该方法首先对信息通信资源申请流程和申请系统构造进行设计,然后利用FCM算法得到信息通信资源数据的聚类中心,对信息通信资源数据进行划分,采用投票法完成对信息通信资源数据的聚类集成,利用流量预测算法对信息通信资源进行申请,依据静态和动态结合的宽带分配法完成信息通信资源共享,并引入记录因子对资源申请的分配情况进行记录,使资源申请系统自动对资源申请进行处理。实验结果证明,所提方法提高工作效率,实现工作量化和信息通信资源信息化管理。     

基于自适应背景的目标跟踪算法研究

随着现在的社会发展以及经济进步,我国的科学技术方面发展迅速,特别是在技术监控方面更是突飞猛进。为了更好的对目标遮挡影响进行降低,我国在这方面主要依据自适应的技术发展背景下提出目标跟踪计算法,用来完善我国的监督控制技术。这种计算方式第一是根据对观察目标的基本外观形态进行的鉴定与跟踪,将其自身的运动量进行平均计算;其次是根据时空的运行方向与特征进行跟踪目标的计算,建立比较完善整体的运行模型,再根据这个运动模型以及整体的状态对监督目标进行检测与控制,这期间就会形成一种遮挡掩膜。对于掩膜是一种将程序数据等绘制成光刻板,在程序使用期间非常可靠,并且制造成本比较低,使用方便;最后是在不同的使用情况下将不同参数进行收集,自动的适应运动模型的运行。针对这种计算方式的实验主要是利用两种在国际上经常使用的CAVIAR、York数据进行测试,并且根据这两种数据对测试的精准度与多重目标跟踪等进行评定,检测跟踪的整体性能。通过多方面的研究表明这种方式的跟踪的性能非常好,并且还能很好的将跟踪目标的鲁棒性进行遮挡。     

Editorial

Although the potential of continuous-wave optical parametric oscillators (cw OPOs) has been recognized for more than three decades, the devices have only very recently matured sufficiently for practical applications.Thanks to improvements and new developments that have occurred within the last few years in several areas, such as nonlinear materials, pump sources, dielectric coatings, frequency stabilization techniques, and device configurations and optimization, cw OPOs are now able to generate radiation from the near-IR to the mid-IR and even in the visible, in part with substantial power and frequency stability. The door to applications of practical relevance has finally opened. Thus, a special issue reporting on the most recent developments in the field appeared timely, both to present the state of the art and to stimulate further developments and uses of cw OPOs.The issue contains 12 original theoretical and experimental contributions presenting properties and applications of various types of cw OPOs, both singly and doubly resonant. Classical and quantum effects are discussed. It is hoped that this collection will be useful both to specialists and to the general audience interested in an overview of the field.We dedicate this special issue to our Ph.D. student Klaus Schneider, who died on March 30, 1998, following a tragic mountaineering accident. In his short career, he contributed substantially to the field of cw OPOs and would have continued to be active in this field after the completion of his doctorate. His death is a great loss to our community.We thank Prof. Träger for the opportunity to create this issue and Mrs. U. Hentzen for her help in preparing it.     

Adaptive threshold selection for background removal in fringe projection profilometry

In fringe projection profilometry, background and shadow are inevitable in the image of an object, and must be identified and removed. In existing methods, it is nontrivial to determine a proper threshold to segment the background and shadow regions, especially when the gray-level histogram of the image is close to unimodal, and an improper threshold generally results in misclassification of the object and the background/shadow. In this paper, an adaptive threshold method is proposed to tackle the problem. Different from the existing automatic methods, the modulation-level histogram, instead of the gray-level histogram, of the image is employed to determine the threshold. Furthermore, a new weighting factor is proposed to improve Otsu's method to segment the image with a histogram close to unimodal, and the modulation difference of the object pixels and the background/shadow pixels is intensified significantly by the weighting factor. Moreover, the weighting factor is adaptive to the image. The proposed method outperforms existing methods either in accuracy, efficiency or automation. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Modifications to functional and biological properties of proteins of cowpea pulse crop by ultrasound-assisted extraction

Natural resource depletion, negative environmental effects and the challenge to secure global food security led to the establishment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In need to explore underutilized sustainable protein sources, this study aims at isolating protein from cowpea by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), where the techno-functional characteristics of the protein isolates were studied at different sonication conditions i.e., 100 W and 200 W at processing times ranging from 5 to 20 min. The US at 200 W-10 min produced the optimal results for all properties. In this process combination, there was an increase in protein yield, solubility, water-holding capacity, foaming capacity and stability, emulsion activity and stability, zeta-potential, and in-vitro protein digestibility from 31.78% to 58.96%, 57.26% to 68.85%, 3.06 g/g to 3.68 g/g 70.64% to 83.74%, 30.76% to 60.01%, 47.48% to 64.26%, 56.59% to 87.71%, –32.9 mV to −44.2 mV and 88.27% to 89.99%, respectively and particle size dropped from 763 nm to 559 nm in comparison to control. The microstructure and secondary-structure alterations of proteins caused by sonication were validated by SEM images, SDS-PAGE, and FTIR analyses. Sonication leads to acoustic cavitation and penetrate the cell walls, improving extraction from the solid to liquid phase. After sonication, the hydrophobic protein groups were exposed and proteins were partially denatured which increased its functionality. The findings demonstrated that UAE of cowpea protein improved yield, modify characteristics to fit the needs of the food industry, and contribute to achieving SDGs 2, 3, 7, 12, and 13.     

多光谱遥感技术结合遗传算法对永定河土壤归一化水体指数的研究

永定河流域的土壤类型及含水量与植被覆盖指数是影响该流域水量的重要因素,利用传统取样法对该流域土壤类型及含水量进行调查,耗费人力的同时还会因仪器误差等客观因素造成实验精度下降。选择永定河流域(北京地区)为研究区,利用全站仪进行野外调查测定34块样地并取样,结合1978—2009年6期的TM影像数据对土壤信息进行提取,研究该地区的土壤含水量与各类多光谱遥感因子间的相关关系,利用遗传算法对土壤归一化水体指数(NDWI)的主要影响因子进行筛选,因NDWI是基于绿波段与近红外波段的归一化比值指数,一般用来提取影像中的水体信息,效果较好。为了更准确的筛选与土壤含水量相关的因子,利用遗传算法全局择优的特点,通过控制迭代次数加速收敛来筛选关键因子。进而利用多元回归的方法建立NDWI反演模型,分析出模型的内符合精度为0.987,并利用边缘树种进行外符合精度检验,得出：土壤中速效氮、磷、钾的含量与经度相关性不明显,却与纬度和土层成正相关关系,当模型计算的迭代次数Maxgen达到最优时,内符合精度为87.6%。通过遥感影像与野外调查相结合的方法得到的土壤NDWI与植被盖度、地形、气候等相关因子的模型而计算得出的NDWI值与单纯利用传统土壤取样法得到的值进行对比分析,得出平均相对误差E为-0.021%,外符合精度P达到87.54%。该模型的建立可为日后对永定河流域土壤水分及有机质的分析与研究提供较好的实践及理论依据。     

Stokes integral of economic growth: Calculus and the Solow model

Economic growth depends on capital and labor and two-dimensional calculus has been applied to economic theory. This leads to Riemann and Stokes integrals and to the first and second laws of production and growth. The mathematical structure is the same as in thermodynamics, economic properties may be related to physical terms: capital to energy, production to physical work, GDP per capita to temperature, production function to entropy. This is called econophysics. Production, trade and banking may be compared to motors, heat pumps or refrigerators. The Carnot process of the first law creates two levels in each system: cold and hot in physics; buyer and seller, investor and saver, rich and poor in economics. The efficiency rises with the income difference of rich and poor. The results of econophysics are compared to neoclassical theory.     

Monte Carlo simulation of ion–material interactions in nuclear fusion devices

One of the key aspects regarding the technological development of nuclear fusion reactors is the understanding of the interaction between high-energy ions coming from the confined plasma and the materials that the plasma-facing components are made of. Among the multiple issues important to plasma–wall interactions in fusion devices, physical erosion and composition changes induced by energetic particle bombardment are considered critical due to possible material flaking, changes to surface roughness, impurity transport and the alteration of physicochemical properties of the near surface region due to phenomena such as redeposition or implantation. A Monte Carlo code named MATILDA (Modeling of Atomic Transport in Layered Dynamic Arrays) has been developed over the years to study phenomena related to ion beam bombardment such as erosion rate, composition changes, interphase mixing and material redeposition, which are relevant issues to plasma-aided manufacturing of microelectronics, components on object exposed to intense solar wind, fusion reactor technology and other important industrial fields. In the present work, the code is applied to study three cases of plasma material interactions relevant to fusion devices in order to highlight the code’s capabilities: (1) the Be redeposition process on the ITER divertor, (2) physical erosion enhancement in castellated surfaces and (3) damage to multilayer mirrors used on EUV diagnostics in fusion devices due to particle bombardment.     

Generalizing Boltzmann Configurational Entropy to Surfaces,Point Patterns and Landscape Mosaics

Several methods have been recently proposed to calculate configurational entropy, based on Boltzmann entropy. Some of these methods appear to be fully thermodynamically consistent in their application to landscape patch mosaics, but none have been shown to be fully generalizable to all kinds of landscape patterns, such as point patterns, surfaces, and patch mosaics. The goal of this paper is to evaluate if the direct application of the Boltzmann relation is fully generalizable to surfaces, point patterns, and landscape mosaics. I simulated surfaces and point patterns with a fractal neutral model to control their degree of aggregation. I used spatial permutation analysis to produce distributions of microstates and fit functions to predict the distributions of microstates and the shape of the entropy function. The results confirmed that the direct application of the Boltzmann relation is generalizable across surfaces, point patterns, and landscape mosaics, providing a useful general approach to calculating landscape entropy.     

云计算环境下人脸表情智能识别改进技术研究

随着人脸识别技术的开发,对于如何提高人脸表情智能识别改进技术的研究也越来越多;如何提高人脸识别的准确度和完整度是当前发展的主要需要,而计算机云计算功能在人脸识别中的应用在一定程度上解决了此问题;通过改进细菌觅食算法,再将其应用到主要成分分析算法对图像基本特征进行提取分析;通过以上的算法输入计算机网络云储存当中,实现云计算技术在人脸识别中的应用;文章将通过对于算法部署函数的办法进行图片解析工作,并且利用智能人脸识别软件对图像进行抽丝、分类、匹配等工作进行功能状态进行测试;实验结果表明利用云计算技术通过连接网络云计算系统可以对目前的人脸识别以及分类做到更高的准确性和适应性。