鸡肉中尼卡巴嗪残留基体标准样品的研制

为填补我国尼卡巴嗪药物残留基体标准样品的空白,建立了鸡肉中尼卡巴嗪残留基体标准样品的研制方法。通过在饲料中添加尼卡巴嗪药粉喂养白羽肉鸡,使药物在鸡体内自然代谢,得到尼卡巴嗪残留阳性动物。取鸡前胸肉制成肉糜,经均质、冷冻干燥、粉碎、筛分、包装、辐照灭菌等处理,制备了355份含有尼卡巴嗪残留的鸡肉冻干粉。按照国家标准样品的规范,进行了均匀性检验、稳定性检验、定值和不确定度分析。采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测定样品中的尼卡巴嗪含量,以8家具有资质的实验室进行协同定值。结果表明本批标准样品的均匀性和稳定性良好,在-70、4、25、50℃下能稳定保存14天,在-18℃下保存的稳定性可达12个月,符合国家标准样品的相关要求。最终确定标准样品中尼卡巴嗪的标准值为(157.7±11.0)μg·kg^-1(k=2)。该标准样品可用于尼卡巴嗪的检测方法优化、检测实验室的能力评价,对于食品中尼卡巴嗪残留检测具有重要意义。     

卵类糖蛋白手性柱拆分钙离子拮抗剂尼卡地平对映体

研究了在卵类糖蛋白（OCCHI）手性柱上影响钙离子拮抗剂尼卡地平对映体拆分的主要因素，建立了尼卡地平对映体的拆分方法。氨丙基硅胶在0．2moL／L磷酸钠缓冲液（pH6．6）中与OGCHI反应，制备的固定相装填于10cm不锈钢柱中，用高效液相色谱法拆分尼卡地平对映体。优化的色谱条件为：0．05moL／L磷酸钠缓冲液（pH5．5）-甲醇（65：35），流速0．2mL／min，紫外检测波长236nm，柱温：25℃。在此条件下，尼卡地平对映体可得到良好分离。通过改变有机改性剂的种类和比例、流动相的pH值、缓冲溶液的浓度以及流速等色谱条件，确定了影响尼卡地平对映体拆分的主要因素。     

尼卡巴嗪原料药及制剂中4,4′-二硝基均苯二脲与2-羟基-4,6-二甲基嘧啶的HPLC法同时测定

建立了同时测定尼卡巴嗪原料药及其制剂中4,4′-二硝基均苯二脲(DNC)和2-羟基-4,6-二甲基嘧啶(HDP)的高效液相色谱法。试样用二甲基亚砜溶解,以Hypersil BDS C18为色谱柱,乙酸/乙酸铵溶液-乙腈(体积比1∶1)为流动相,HDP和DNC的检测波长分别为290、350 nm。DNC和HDP的质量浓度分别在0.354~70.9 mg/L和0.146~29.2 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好线性关系,标准曲线方程分别为ρ=7.307×10-5S-0.043 58和ρ=1.648×10-5S-0.084 83,相关系数(r)分别为1.000和0.999 9。用建立的方法测定尼卡巴嗪原料药中的DNC和HDP含量,测定结果与分光光度法无显著差异,DNC和HDP的相对标准偏差均小于0.5%。     

硅胶-氧化铝层析柱-气相色谱法测定沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯类有机物

建立了硅胶-氧化铝层析柱净化分离,GC—MS、GC—FID定性定量分析沉积物样品邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物Phthalate esters（PAEs）的方法。比较了Florisil、硅胶、氧化铝和硅胶-氧化铝层析柱对PAEs分离特征;优化了硅胶-氧化铝层析柱净化分离PAEs的条件。方法线性范围0．05～500μg/g,回收率75.3％～113．6％,相对标准偏差2．74％～12．2％,检出限0．29～1．2ng／g。内标法定量,应用于珠江口沉积物样品中PAEs测定,获得满意的结果。     

反相高效液相色谱法检测辣椒酱中的苏丹红染料

采用反相高效液相色谱法检测辣椒酱中的苏丹红染料．辣椒酱经正己烷-丙酮溶剂提取,用氧化铝层析柱进行固相萃取净化,用紫外可见光检测器检测,选择ZorbaxSB—C18色谱柱检测苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅲ和苏丹红Ⅳ,加标回收率为91％～95％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0．89％～1．79％。     

离子色谱-紫外检测法测定饲料中的胍基乙酸

通过对色谱柱、流动相洗脱、样品前处理等条件进行优化,建立了一种检测饲料中胍基乙酸含量的离子色谱法。在甲磺酸线性梯度洗脱条件下,样品经Dionex IonPacTMCS16阳离子交换柱分离,用紫外检测器于200 nm波长处进行检测。在0.5~200 mg/L范围内,中胍基乙酸色谱峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系(相关系数r2=0.999 9)。配合饲料和浓缩饲料中胍基乙酸的检出限为4.5 mg/kg、定量限为15 mg/kg,复合预混合饲料中胍基乙酸的检出限为9.0 mg/kg、定量限为30 mg/kg。该方法对添加量在15 mg/kg~60 g/kg范围内的禽用配合饲料、猪用配合饲料、浓缩饲料、复合预混合饲料中胍基乙酸的回收率均大于94%。该方法性能指标可满足饲料中胍基乙酸含量的检测需求。     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料中的喹乙醇

报道饲料中喹乙醇的高效液相色谱分析方法。以乙酰苯胺为内标,样品用二甲替甲酰胺（ＤＭＦ）提取,在Ｃ８柱上进行色谱分析,紫外检测波长２６０ｎｍ,流动相为甲醇－水（２０８０,Ｖ／Ｖ）,喹乙醇的回收率为９８．５８％～１０１．６３％,相对标准偏差为２．６７％～４．２５％。     

鳗鱼、饲料中恩诺沙星残留的测定及真假阳性辨别

采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC),测定鳗鱼、饲料中的恩诺沙星药物残留．在Waters Nova-Pak C18柱上,用荧光检测器,激发波长280nm;发射波长450nm．流动相为5mmol／L NaH2PO4溶液-乙腈溶液(体积比为70：30),磷酸调pH值为2．7,流速1．2mL／min,柱温40℃．在鳗鱼、饲料中的最低检测限分别达到1μg／kg和2μg／kg,标准曲线在30—500ng／mL线性范围内相关系数达0．9997．在3种浓度水平对鳗鱼组织和饲料中的3种浓度进行回收率测定,其回收率在76％～98％之间;变异系数RSD小于8％,符合痕量测定要求．还对如何辨别真假阳性进行特别介绍．     

柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定血清中克拉霉素的含量

建立了2，4-二硝基苯肼柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱紫外检测法测定血清中克拉霉素的含量，将在碱性条件下甲基叔丁基醚的血清萃取物，与2，4-二硝基苯肼在55％酸性条件下反应30min，然后用乙腈-0．05mol/LpH7．2磷酸盐缓冲液（48：52）在Alltima C18色谱柱上进行分离，在340nm检测衍生物。方法的线性范围为0．05～3．2mg／L（r=0．9993）；检出限为30μg/L，绝对回收率大于89％，相对标准差小于10％。本方法已用于克拉霉素在健康受试者中的药代动力学研究。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱技术检测鸡肉中6种抗球虫药物

建立了鸡肉中二硝托胺、尼卡巴嗪、地克珠利、妥曲珠利、莫能菌素及盐霉素6种抗球虫药物的超高效液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱多残留检测方法。经QuEChERS样品净化,首先使用含有1%(v/v)三氯乙酸的乙腈-水(3 : 7, v/v)溶液提取样品中的被测物,再加入氯化钠,使用50 mg/mL N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)+50 mg/mL中性氧化铝(Alumina-N)的混合分散固相萃取(dispersive solid phase extraction, DSPE)粉末净化提取,过0.22 μ m滤膜后以超高效液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱检测。选择Waters Acquity UPLC^® BEH C8色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μ m),以甲醇-5 mmol/L醋酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。使用正、负离子同时扫描模式,基质外标法定量。研究表明,6种目标化合物的线性范围为:二硝托胺,1.0~30.0 μ g/L;尼卡巴嗪,0.2~6.0 μ g/L;地克珠利、妥曲珠利,2.0~60.0 μ g/L;莫能菌素、盐霉素,4.0~120.0 μ g/L。空白样品中添加低、中、高3个水平的混合标准溶液,回收率在67.7%~126.8%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤10.4%。6种抗球虫药物的定量限分别为:二硝托胺,2.50 μ g/kg;尼卡巴嗪,0.50 μ g/kg;地克珠利、妥曲珠利,5.00 μ g/kg;莫能菌素、盐霉素,20.00 μ g/kg。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,且能够满足日常检测要求。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.