含界面相效应的纤维增强复合材料桥联增韧力学分析

本文对纤维增强复合材料桥联增韧进行了详细的断裂力学分析，基于Ｃａｓｔｉｇｌｉａｎｏ＇ｓ定理和界面剪滞模型，得到了含界丰效应的复合材料桥联增专访和裂纹线开位移的控制议程；并按照第二类Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ积分方程的迭代解法，给出其数值结果，为例题于分析界面相参数对增韧效果的影响，寻求了该控制方程的近似解解析表达式，对近似解进行了误差估计，证明了解的可行性，在此基础上得到了界面剪切模量，裂纹长度。界面厚度，     

含界面相桥联矩阵

桥联模型能够有效分析复合材料的弹塑性性能,其在World-Wide Failure Exercise(WWFE)评比中被认定为精度最高的细观力学理论.桥联模型的核心是桥联矩阵,现有桥联模型是在两相复合材料理想界面条件下建立的,而对于实际的复合材料而言,纤维和基体之间总或多或少的出现界面非理想现象.学者们常用一个存在于基体和纤维之间的界面相来描述这种非理想界面情形,这时就需要建立含界面相的三相桥联矩阵.论文采用三相CCA模型,求得六种不同边界载荷下的应力场,再将各相体积平均后的应力场代入三相桥联模型方程,求解线性方程组即可得到三相桥联矩阵元素的精确表达式.进一步,将纤维相和界面相看作一个局部复合材料或等效横观各向同性纤维,其力学性能利用两相桥联模型确定,与外部的基体相构成的复合材料依然可以通过两相桥联模型分析.利用这种等效纤维的概念,论文将三相隐式桥联矩阵进行了有效简化,通过对复合材料等效弹性常数的数值计算,证明简化后的三相显式桥联矩阵与精确的三相隐式桥联矩阵有极高的近似度,从而给实际应用带来极大方便.     

复相陶瓷中颗粒桥联与相变协同增韧作用的力学分析

本文对复相陶瓷内延性金属颗粒和相变颗粒的协同增韧作用进行了力学分析，其中颗粒桥联效应还考虑了桥联颗粒与基体间工艺残余应力的影响，相变效应考虑了相变体膨胀和剪切塑性对增韧的共同贡献。数值计算结果与Ａｍａｚｉｇｏ－Ｂｕｄｉａｎｓｋｙ的结果及２Ｙ－ＴＺＰ／２０ＶＯＬ％Ｎｉ的实验结果作了比较。     

车辆-桥梁耦合作用分析

文章通过拉氏方程，在时变动力学的基础上，建立车-桥耦合振动的系统方程。重点探讨了车的质量、车速、刚度、阻尼比、桥跨、桥的阻尼比，桥面粗糙程度等参数在车．桥耦合振动中的作用。其中车速、车的刚度、桥的形式、桥的阻尼起着重要作用。文中还比较了把车辆分别模拟为移动力、移动刚体、移动的弹性体时车．桥互相作用力的差别，得出有必要将车辆模拟为移动的弹性体，以减小分析高速车辆所引起的互相作用力的误差。并考虑了车-桥耦合振动中行驶车辆的转动效应，虽然它的影响是很小的；还尝试性的讨论了桥上行车舒适度的问题，车的阻尼起着很重要的作用。     

非结构网格二阶有限体积法中黏性通量离散格式精度分析与改进

非结构网格二阶有限体积离散方法广泛应用于计算流体力学工程实践中,研究非结构网格二阶精度有限体积离散方法的计算精度具有现实意义. 计算精度主要受到网格和计算方法的影响,本文从单元梯度重构方法、黏性通量中的界面梯度计算方法两个方面考察黏性流动模拟精度的影响因素. 首先从理论上分析了黏性通量离散中的“奇偶失联”问题,并通过基于标量扩散方程的制造解方法验证了“奇偶失联”导致的精度下降现象,进一步通过引入差分修正项消除了“奇偶失联”并提高了扩散方程计算精度;其次,在不同类型、不同质量的网格上进行基于扩散方程的制造解精度测试,考察单元梯度重构方法、界面梯度计算方法对扩散方程计算精度的影响,结果显示,单元梯度重构精度和界面梯度计算方法均对扩散方程计算精度起重要作用;最后对三个黏性流动算例(二维层流平板、二维湍流平板和二维翼型近尾迹流动)进行网格收敛性研究,初步验证了本文的结论,得到了计算精度和网格收敛性均较好的黏性通量计算格式.      

饱和砂土的三剪弹塑性边界面模型研究(一)——模型理论

基于边界面模型方法研究了不同密实度和含泥量的饱和砂土在静、动荷载作用下的力学和变形特性。其中,初始边界面方程是通过改进修正剑桥模型椭圆形屈服方程得到的,后继边界面方程则是在前次边界面方程的基础上采用中心点映射法获得。针对原模型破坏应力比为定值,不能反映全应力状态和黏聚力在土体受力过程中的作用这一问题,基于三剪统一强度准则,通过等量代换法、坐标平移法对破坏应力比、相变应力比进行了修正,使修正后的椭圆形边界面适用于不同密实度和含泥量的饱和砂土。在此基础上应用边界面理论,研究了饱和砂土的三剪弹塑性边界面本构模型及有限元算式。该模型能够描述密实砂土在受力时表现的剪胀特性,同时可以反映中间主应力效应、应力区间效应、拉压差效应和黏聚力对应力-应变特性的影响。     

人-桥耦合系统的动力分析

人行桥的人致振动的传统算法没有考虑人-桥耦合效应(Human-bridge coupling effect, HBCE)的影响．目前,已有学者将行人等效成弹簧-质量-阻尼(Spring-Mass-Damping, SMD)模型．在此基础上,本文将SMD模型加入到人行桥的运动方程中,推导了人-桥耦合系统的竖向振动方程,并用MATLAB编制了计算程序,对人-桥耦合系统的动力特性和竖向人致振动进行了初步分析．研究结果表明：(1)在考虑人-桥耦合效应后,系统频率会降低,而系统阻尼会增大,即人-桥耦合效应对人行桥的动力特性的影响显著;(2)当步频接近人行桥的频率时,不考虑人-桥耦合效应的竖向人致振动会被过分地放大,而当步频远离人行桥的频率时,考虑人-桥耦合效应的竖向人致振动则偏于保守;(3)人行桥越轻或行人越多,考虑和不考虑人-桥耦合效应的计算结果的差异越大．     

非结构网格二阶有限体积法中黏性通量离散格式精度分析与改进

非结构网格二阶有限体积离散方法广泛应用于计算流体力学工程实践中,研究非结构网格二阶精度有限体积离散方法的计算精度具有现实意义.计算精度主要受到网格和计算方法的影响,本文从单元梯度重构方法、黏性通量中的界面梯度计算方法两个方面考察黏性流动模拟精度的影响因素.首先从理论上分析了黏性通量离散中的"奇偶失联"问题,并通过基于标量扩散方程的制造解方法验证了"奇偶失联"导致的精度下降现象,进一步通过引入差分修正项消除了"奇偶失联"并提高了扩散方程计算精度;其次,在不同类型、不同质量的网格上进行基于扩散方程的制造解精度测试,考察单元梯度重构方法、界面梯度计算方法对扩散方程计算精度的影响,结果显示,单元梯度重构精度和界面梯度计算方法均对扩散方程计算精度起重要作用;最后对三个黏性流动算例(二维层流平板、二维湍流平板和二维翼型近尾迹流动)进行网格收敛性研究,初步验证了本文的结论,得到了计算精度和网格收敛性均较好的黏性通量计算格式.     

双材料界面Ⅰ型扩展裂纹尖端的弹黏塑性场

双材料界面中存在材料黏性效应, 对界面裂纹尖端场的分布和界面本身性能 的变化起着重要的影响. 考虑裂纹尖端的奇异性, 建立了双材料界面扩展裂纹尖端的弹黏塑 性控制方程. 引入界面裂纹尖端的位移势函数和边界条件, 对刚性-弹黏塑性界面I型界面 裂纹进行了数值分析, 求得了界面裂纹尖端应力应变场, 并讨论了界面裂纹尖端场随各影响 参数的变化规律. 计算结果表明, 黏性效应是研究界面扩展裂纹尖端场时的一个主要因素, 界面裂纹尖端为弹黏塑性场, 其场受材料的黏性系数、马赫数和奇异性指数控制.     

两层流体中二维非线性界面波的演化方程

给出两水平固壁间两层不可压缩理想流体中二维非线性界面波的演化方程，首先建立出这个演化方程，并由此方程在一定条件下得到二维非线性界面长波满足的近似方程，然后从理论上证明这个长波近似方程包含了以下两个描述一阶界面升高的著名的浅水孤立波方程；Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)方程和Kadomtsev-Petvishvili(KP)方程，所得特殊结果与前人的一致，表明所建立的二维非线性界面波演化方程正确且具有一般性。     

BRIDGE-TOUGHENING ANALYSIS OF THE FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE CONTAINING INTERPHASE EFFECT

A detailed fracture mechanics analysis of bridge-toughening in a fiberreinforced composite is presented in this paper.The integral equation governing bridge-toughening as well as crack opening displacement (COD) for the composite withinterfacial layer is derived from the Castigliano's theorem and interface shear-lagmodel.A numerical result of the COD equation is obtained using the iteration solutionof the second Fredholm integral equation.In order to investigate the effect of variousparameters on the toughening,an approximate analytical solution of the equation ispresent and its error analysis is performed,which demonstrates the approximatesolution to be appropriate.A parametric study of the influence of the crack length,interracial shear modules,thickness of the interphase,fiber radius,fiber volumefraction and properties of materials on composite toughening is therefore carried out.The results are useful for experimental demonstration and toughening design includingthe fabrication process of the composite.     

Dynamic penny-shaped cracks in multilayer sandwich composites

A point force method is proposed for obtaining the dynamic elastic response of a multilayer sandwich composite in the presence of a penny-shaped crack under a harmonic loading. The sandwich composite is a multilayered solid whose lower half is the mirror image of the upper half with the center plane as the mirror. The crack is lying on the mirror plane of the composite. The solution of the mode I dynamic crack problem is formulated by integrating the Green’s function of a time-harmonic surface normal point force over the crack surface with an unknown point force distribution. The dual integral equations of the unknown point force distribution are established by considering the boundary conditions, which can be reduced to a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. A complete solution of the crack problem under consideration can be obtained by solving this Fredholm integral equation. It will be shown that the results obtained by this approach are the same as some existing solutions.     

非圆截面杆中非线性扭转波方程的解析求解

研究了非圆截面杆中非线性扭转波动方程的精确求解问题. 利用直接积分与微分变换相结合的方法,得到了该方程的隐式通解. 通过对积分常数和方程系数的不同情形的讨论, 给出了该方程的三角函数、双曲函数、椭圆函数、指数函数以及它们的组合形式的解,分别对应于的非线性扭转波的孤立波、周期波以及冲击波等多种传播形式.     

Triply periodical particulate matrix compositesinvarying external stress fields

We consider a linear elastic composite medium, which consists of ahomogeneousmatrix containing aligned ellipsoidal uncoated or coated inclusions arranged in aperiodic arrayand subjected to inhomogeneous boundary conditions. The hypothesis of effectivefieldhomogeneity near the inclusions is used. The general integral equation obtained reducestheanalysis of infinite number of inclusion problems to the analysis of a finite number of inclusionsinsome representative volume element (RVE) . The integral equation is solved by theFouriertransform method as well as by the iteration method of the Neumann series ( first-orderapproximation) . The nonlocal macroscopic constitutive equation relating the unit cellaverages ofstress and strain is derived in explicit closed forms either of a differential equation ofasecond-order or of an integral equation. The employed of explicit relations fornumericalestimations of tensors describing the local and nonlocal effective elastic properties aswell asaverage stresses in the composites containing simple cubic lattices of rigid inclusions andvoids areconsidered.     

General integral equations of thermoelasticity in micromechanics of composites with imperfectly bonded interfaces

One considers a linear thermoelastic composite medium, which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing a statistically inhomogeneous random set of heterogeneities with various interface effects and subjected to essentially inhomogeneous loading by the fields of the stresses, temperature, and body forces (e.g., for a centrifugal load). The general integral equations connecting the stress and strain fields in the point being considered and the surrounding points are obtained for the random and deterministic fields of inclusions. The method is based on a centering procedure of subtraction from both sides of a new initial integral equation their statistical averages obtained without any auxiliary assumptions such as the effective field hypothesis (EFH), which is implicitly exploited in the known centering methods. The new initial integral equation is presented in a general form of perturbations introduced by the heterogeneities and taking into account both the spring-layer model and coherent imperfect one. Some particular cases, asymptotic representations, and simplifications of proposed equations as well as a model example demonstrating the essence of two-step statistical average scheme are considered. General integral equations for the doubly and triply periodical structure composites are also obtained.     

On thermoelastostatics of composites with nonlocal properties of constituents II. Estimation of effective material and field parameters

One considers a linear thermoelastic composite medium, which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing a statistically homogeneous random set of ellipsoidal uncoated or coated heterogeneities. It is assumed that the stress–strain constitutive relations of constituents are described by the nonlocal integral operators, whereas the equilibrium and compatibility equations remain unaltered as in classical local elasticity. The general integral equations connecting the stress and strain fields in the point being considered and the surrounding points are obtained. The method is based on a centering procedure of subtraction from both sides of a known initial integral equation their statistical averages obtained without any auxiliary assumptions such as, e.g., effective field hypothesis implicitly exploited in the known centering methods. In a simplified case of using of the effective field hypothesis for analyzing composites with one sort of heterogeneities, one proves that the effective moduli explicitly depend on both the strain and stress concentrator factor for one heterogeneity inside the infinite matrix and does not directly depend on the elastic properties (local or nonlocal) of heterogeneities. In such a case, the Levin’s (1967) formula in micromechanics of composites with locally elastic constituents is generalized to their nonlocal counterpart. A solution of a volume integral equation for one heterogeneity subjected to inhomogeneous remote loading inside an infinite matrix is proposed by the iteration method. The operator representation of this solution is incorporated into the new general integral equation of micromechanics without exploiting of basic hypotheses of classical micromechanics such as both the effective field hypothesis and “ellipsoidal symmetry” assumption. Quantitative estimations of results obtained by the abandonment of the effective field hypothesis are presented.     

Thermal analysis of composite superconductors subjected to time-dependent disturbances

A one-dimensional heat conduction equation with time- and temperature-dependent heat sources was employed to study the steady-state and transient response of a composite superconductor subjected to a thermal disturbance. An integral formulation was used to solve the steady-state problem of current redistribution and heat generation. The results of the integral formulation are compared with those of an analytical solution. The two solutions agree with each other except when the analytical solution fails as the temperature in the superconductor begins to exceed the critical temperature. Transient solutions were obtained by the finite-difference technique and the results are compared with a known analytical solution. Results of numerical calculations of the transient response of a composite superconductor subjected to an initial pulsed disturbance are presented. It is demonstrated that the superconductor can switch between the superconducting and the current-sharing state. The transient response and the stability of the composite conductor depend on the magnitude and duration of the disturbance, the dimensionless temperature θ^*, and the dimensionless parameter φ. Received on 18 November 1996     

SH波在压电材料条中垂直界面裂纹处的散射

研究了SH波在压电材料条中裂纹处的散射.压电材料条两侧涂有相同梯度参数的两个半无限大功能梯度材料,裂纹垂直于界面.通过Fourier变换,利用边界条件把问题转化为柯西核奇异积分方程,然后利用Chebyshev多项式对奇异积分方程进行数值求解.通过数值计算,分析讨论了压电条的几何参数和SH波频率对标准动应力强度因子的影响.