Fluctuations in doubly scattered laser light

Fluctuations in laser light, doubly scattered by brownian particles, were analysed by measuring the spectral noise power of the photodetector current. Scattering took place at two spatially separated systems of spherical particles. Analytic expressions for the field and intensity correlations are derived. The analytic expressions for the spectrum of the intensity fluctuations of the doubly scattered laser light demonstrate that the frequency dependence of the spectrum depends strongly of the geometry of the experimental arrangement. This is not the case for singly scattered light where in good approximation the spatial and temporal correlations can be separated analytically.Our measurements show that the noise spectrum of the doubly scattered radiation may have the same frequency dependence as the spectrum of the singly scattered light. However, there are conditions where the frequency dependence of the noise of the doubly scattered light diverges markedly from that of the singly scattered light.     

Observation of laser light scattering by a turbulent gas without seeding

An experiment of laser light scattering by a turbulent highly subsonic free jet of air is presented. The originality of the method lies in the fact that no particle seeding is needed. The experimental scattering cross section, which can be interpreted from the three-dimensional spectral density of temperature fluctuations, is compared to the theoretical one obtained by turbulent mixing theories. The scattered field time correlations measured in the heterodyne mode are interpreted by considering the Doppler effect on moving turbulent eddies and compared with theory. The intensity time correlations measured in the homodyne mode are interpreted in terms of local properties of the turbulence.     

Modeling of Multiple Scattering Effects in Fraunhofer Diffraction Particle Size Analysis

A model for the direct problem of calculating the forward scattering signature of a multiple scattering medium is presented. The new formulation is optimized for integration into schemes for reconstructing the particle size distribution from laser diffraction (forward scattering) signatures obtained from optically thick media. The analysis is valid for media where the particle sizes and interparticle spacings are large (relative to the wavelength and the particle size, respectively) such that Fraunhofer diffraction theory adequately describes the properties of the forward scattered light from individual scattering events. The simulated performance of laser diffraction particle sizing instruments was then studied using predictions of the scattered light signatures which would be measured by laser diffraction instrument under multiple scattering conditions. The results were compared with experimental data and theoretical calculations based on other models.     

Planar imaging of a laboratory flame and of internal combustion in an automobile engine using UV rayleigh and fluorescence light

Rayleigh scattering of tunable excimer laser light (193 nm and 248 nm) is used to obtain 2-D images of the distribution of total densities in a laboratory flame and in a cylinder of an automobile engine. Because the UV light is very strongly scattered, there is ample signal and there is excellent contrast of Rayleigh light against surface scattered light, even in the small volume of the engine cylinder. The laboratory flame data are converted to an image of the temperature field. The Rayleigh images are compared with those from planar laser induced predissociative fluorescence, which yield state-specific densities of selected molecules. The experimental arrangement is the same except for the selection of laser wavelength and the filtering of the radiated light.     

c向直流电压作用下α—LiIO3单晶的光的异常散射的进一步研究

文献[1]发现激光束通过c向直流电压作用下的α-LiIO₃单晶时,产生一种电矢量有特定取向且不同于入射光电矢量方向的异常散射带。本文进一步研究了这种散射带的精细结构。确定散射光相对于入射光没有大于15MHz的频移。这种散射带的强度在透射光斑两侧分布不对称,一侧强,另一侧弱。我们发现两种绝对构型的晶体,散射带的强度分布正相反,D型晶体散射强的一侧,正是L型晶体散射弱的一侧。并研究了异常散射带位置和透射光斑的位置间的各种配置状况,发现它们取决于两个通光面相对于c轴的取向。 关键词：     

Essay Review-Scholarly froth and engineering skeletons

Holography is a two-stage process of photography using coherent light from a laser to illuminate the scene. In the first stage a hologram is formed by combining the light scattered from the object and the direct laser beam on a photographic plate. In the second stage a three-dimensional image is reconstructed without the use of lenses, by directing the laser beam through the hologram. Applications of holography include information storage, recording of images in depth, the use of holograms as optical elements, and as a means of performing precise interferometric measurements on three-dimensional objects of any shape and surface finish.     

基于菲涅尔反射的光纤激光器功率测量方法

分析了光纤熔接点处的菲涅尔散射光模型,得出熔接点散射光功率与输出光功率成线性关系的结论。利用该结论设计了kW级光纤激光器的振荡器、泵浦源输出功率检测装置,并安装在某kW级光纤激光器上进行了实验。通过建立线性估计函数,利用最小二乘法对光纤熔接点的散射光功率与光纤激光器的振荡器、泵浦源输出功率的关系进行了拟合。通过实验验证了熔接点散射功率与光纤输出功率的线性关系。实验表明利用熔接点散射光功率间接测量光纤激光器输出功率的方法线性度优于4%。     

表面散射光对激光三角法位移测量的影响

三角测量法是一种位移测量方法, 其测量精度不但受到传感器本身因素如光源、探测器、机械结构特性等因素的影响, 还受到被测表面特性如色泽、材料、粗糙度、倾斜度以及外界环境的影响。国内外的一些学者提出了许多提高传感器测量精度的方法, 但这些研究都是针对某一特性表面进行的, 没有涉及到对不同表面的测量时存在的问题。利用随机行走理论对物体表面的散射场进行了分析, 给出了不同粗糙度表面下弱散射光强与散射角及入射角的关系。由于设计制造的传感器量程范围内接收散射光的角度在15°至25°内变化, 因此取20°作为散射角角度, 理论计算模拟的三种不同粗糙面散射光强变化最大能达到300%左右。该结果对于优化激光三角传感器的设计和提高测量精度有一定的意义。     

0.351μm激光辐照Au盘靶吸收、散射规律的实验研究

在“星光Ⅱ”激光装置上，利用80只分立式探测器研究了约0.8ns，0.351μm激光辐照Au盘靶的吸收、散射．结果表明，强度约为5×10¹⁴W/cm²的激光以10°角入射，吸收可达90%以上；但是，以45°角入射，吸收仅为75%左右，散射高达25%．散射主要来自未被等离子体充分吸收的激光在弯曲临界面上的反射，同时伴随少量受激布里渊散射．吸收的理论计算与实验结果进行了比较，两者符合较好． 关键词：     

Particular features of acousto-optic visualization in scattering media upon detection of nonballistic light

Images of optically inhomogeneous objects immersed into a cell with a scattering liquid through which orthogonal laser and ultrasonic beams pass are obtained upon measuring the scattered light modulated at the ultrasonic frequency. The alternating current from a photodetector recording the optical radiation emerging from the cell was used as a parameter of the acousto-optic visualization. The quality of the visualization is analyzed in relation to the registration conditions and the scattering parameter magnitude, as well as the size and shape of three-dimensional and planar objects. Under the experimental conditions used, the positions of objects immersed into the scattering liquid are detected fairly precisely, with a satisfactory contrast and sharpness of images in the plane perpendicular to the laser beam axis, whereas, along this axis, the object positions are not determined. The experiment was performed under conditions of transition from a regime without scattering to a regime of multiple scattering.     

Angular intensity distribution of scattered light in systems of closely spaced particles

The results of experimental and computational investigations of the dependence of the angular intensity distribution of scattered light on the concentration of scatterers are discussed. It is shown that a high density of small and large scatterers in a three-dimensional system results in a deformation of the scattering indicatrix. The changes in the angular distribution of intensity of the scattered light at large concentrations are explained by the appearance of fields of multiply scattered waves at significantly lower optical thicknesses than for independent scatterers.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 99–103, March, 1976.     

碱性品红光致聚合物薄膜的光致光衍射

本文研究了全息存储实验中以波长532 nm的半导体激光器作为记录和读出光源,碱性品红作为光敏剂的丙烯酰胺基光致聚合物薄膜的光致光衍射现 象.它可以考虑为透过全息干涉条纹的原始入射光和反射光,与来自光聚物中未曝光的不均匀表面和内部的散射光四波混频的结果.根据简并四波混频理论中的位相匹配条件对双光束全息写入时产生的衍射光锥,以及单光束辐照复现时产生的衍射光锥现象分别做出了理论解释;并且利用全息散射理论结合三角学知识对入射光的入射角与衍射光锥的锥角的依赖关系进行了深入讨论. 关键词： 全息 光致聚合物 衍射光锥 碱性品红     

Experiments and analysis of gold disk targets irradiated by smoothing beams of Xingguang II facilities with 350 nm wavelength

Gold disk targets were irradiated using focusing and beam smoothing methods on Xingguang (XG-II) laser facilities with 350 nm wavelength, 0.6 ns pulse width and 20-80 Joules energies. Laser absorption, light scattering and X-ray conversion were experimentally investigated. The experimental results showed that laser absorption and scattered light were about 90% and 10%, respectively, under focusing irradiation, but the laser absorption increased 5%-10% and the scattered light about 1% under the condition of beam smoothing. Compared with the case of focusing irradiation, the laser absorption was effectively improved and the scattered light remarkably dropped under uniform irradiation; then due to the decrease in laser intensity, X-ray conversion increased. This is highly advantageous to the inertial confinement fusion. However, X-ray conversion mechanism basically did not change and X-ray conversion efficiency under beam smoothing and focusing irradiation was basically the same.     

神光Ⅲ原型装置的黑腔靶背向散射光测量技术

在惯性约束聚变研究中,为研究激光等离子体互作用产生的受激布里渊与受激拉曼散射光(SRS),基于神光Ⅲ原型装置利用新的背向散射诊断系统对真空黑腔靶与充气黑腔靶以及有无束匀滑效果情况下的散射光光谱进行了测量。实验发现,在相同条件下,充气黑腔靶SRS散射光比真空黑腔靶大,在终端光学组件中使用束匀滑效果后也能降低散射光。诊断系统记录的散射光强度及光谱的时间变化过程对研究激光等离子体相互作用提供了重要的数据支撑。     

Transient effects in stimulated light scattering

Transient stimulated scattering of light is treated numerically for situations with arbitrarily high conversion of laser into scattered light. New, transient effects are predicted and will be dicussed for scattering in the backward and in the forward directions. The computations are found to be in good agreement with time-resolved, experimental studies of stimulated Brillouin scattering in several liquids.     

527 nm激光辐照盘靶受激布里渊散射光角分布

 在“星光Ⅱ”激光装置上,开展了527 nm激光与金盘靶和铝盘靶相互作用实验,研究了激光辐照盘靶的受激布里渊散射光散射机制,获得了散射光能量角分布。实验结果表明：激光辐照金盘靶时,在入射激光能量大致相同的情况下,受激布里渊散射光能量在匀滑的条件下比没有匀滑时低一个数量级以上（背反能量除外）,束匀滑对散射光的抑制作用十分明显。在匀滑条件下,越靠近背反方向,散射光能量越大。散射光能量分布沿方位角的变化不大。激光辐照铝盘靶时,散射光能量分布的离散性较大。     

Intensity fluctuation light-scattering spectroscopy using a conventional light source

Using a mercury arc lamp as light source we have studied intensity fluctuations in light scattered by a liquid crystal sample, thus confirming that laser sources are not in principle essential in such studies. The experimental problems, particularly the relevant parameters of temporal and spatial coherence, are outlined and discussed.     

Experimental investigation of a modified Beckmann-Kirchhoff scattering theory for the in-process optical measurement of surface quality

An experimental investigation of a modified Beckmann-Kirchhoff scattering theory applied in an in-process optical measurement of surface quality is described. The proposed theory describes the scattered light intensity distribution from a surface with the additional layers, and can be employed to analyze the surface characteristics in in-process measurement. Based on light scattering principle and machine vision method, the surface roughness is extracted to testify the correction of the modified Beckmann-Kirchhoff scattering theory. The experimental apparatus consists of a collimated laser diode, a beam splitter, a screen, a measuring lens and a camera. Test specimens with different surface roughness are studied. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of in-process optical measurement of surface quality using the modified model.     

Heterodyne Detection of Pulsed Co2 Laser Light Scattered from Ion Acoustic Waves in a Plasma

The small angle scattering of light from a pulsed CO2 laser has been used to measure ion acoustic waves excited in a low density plasma. The laser is a hybrid laser consisting of a high pressure TEA discharge and a low pressure continuous discharge. The scattered light is detected by heterodyning, using laser light as the local oscillator. Two methods of providing the laser light local oscillator have been used. The dependence of the scattered light on the ion acoustic wavelength has been measured. The amplitude of the scattered light compared with the amplitude of the waves in the plasma indicates that the heterodyne mixing efficiency is better than 10 percent.     

0.53μm激光辐照金盘靶的光散射机制研究

报道了０．５３μｍ高功率激光辐照金盘靶产生的受激拉曼散射光光谱和散射光谱能量角分布，由散射光角分布计算的散射光能量与实验通过打靶透镜测得的受激拉曼散射能量不符，而且角的分布的实验结果与受激布里渊散射理论也不符。