O2在具有氧和镁缺陷MgO(001)表面的吸附

在密度泛函理论的框架下，采用嵌入点电荷簇模型研究了O2在具有氧缺陷和镁缺陷MgO(001)表面上的吸附.用电荷自洽的方法确定了点电荷的值.计算结果表明，O2倾向吸附在具有氧缺陷的MgO(001)表面上.通过和我们近期研究过的O2在低配位的边、角上吸附结果相比较，发现具有氧缺陷的MgO(001)表面更加有利于O2的吸附和解离. Mülliken电荷分析表明，电荷由底物向吸附的O2反键轨道上转移是导致O2键强削弱的主要原因.势能曲线表明，O2在具有氧缺陷的MgO(001)表面上发生解离所需要克服的能垒比在角阳离子端发生解离所需克服的能垒有大幅度降低.     

Si(001)-(2×2×1):H表面O2吸附的密度泛函理论研究

A novel model was developed to theoretically evaluate the O2 adsorption on H-terminated Si(001)-(2*2*1) surface. The periodic boundary condition, the ultrasoft pseudopotentials technique based on density functional theory (DFT) with generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functional were applied in our ab initio calculations. By analyzing bonding energy on site, the favourable adsorption site was determined. The calculations also predicted that the adsorption products should be Si=O and H2O. This theoretical study supported the reaction mechanism provided by Kovalev et al. The results were also a base for further investigation of some more complex systems such as the oxidation on porous silicon surface.     

CO2在α-U(001)表面的吸附和解离

采用广义梯度密度泛函理论研究了0.25ML覆盖度下CO₂在α-U（001）表面上的吸附和解离,得到了CO₂的稳定吸附构型和吸附能,确定了CO₂的解离过渡态和解离能垒,探讨了CO₂与表面U原子的相互作用本质.结果表明CO₂趋向以C（O）-U多键结合方式在α-U（001）面发生强化学吸附,吸附能为1.24-1.67 eV;C-O键的活化程度依赖于表面电子向CO₂发生转移的程度.CO₂与表面U原子的相互作用主要来自于U原子电子向CO₂最低空轨道（LUMO）2π_u转移,以及CO₂π_u/1π_g/3σ_u-U 6d轨道间杂化而生成新的化学键.以形成3个C-U键和6个O-U键模式在穴位1和穴位2上发生吸附的CO₂（H1-C₃O₆和H2-C₃O₆）的解离吸附能分别为3.15和3.13 eV,解离能垒分别为0.26和0.36 eV,预示着吸附CO₂分于易于解离形成CO分子和O原子.     

O_2在α-U(001)面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用广义梯度密度泛函理论结合周期性平板模型,计算了O2在α-U(001)表面吸附的几何和电子结构,并对H2、O2的吸附特性进行了对比分析。结果表明:O2分子在α-U(001)面上呈强解离化学吸附,吸附能为9.54～10.22eV,O-O距离较大的D+D-II构型最为稳定;吸附后表层U原子向上迁移,同时伴随着褶皱的产生;解离O原子与表面U原子的相互作用主要是离子键合,伴随着较弱的源于U5f/6d-O2p轨道杂化的共价键合;O原子的扩散能垒小于0.3eV,易于在U表面扩散迁移;O2分子在U表面的吸附强度较H2分子要大得多,对U表面结构的影响也更加显著。     

H_2O对SO_2在CaO表面上吸附的影响理论研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了H_2O对SO_2在CaO(001)表面上吸附的影响。结果表明,以四种形式(-H_2O、-H、-OH和-H-OH)存在的H_2O使SO_2在CaO表面上的吸附构型发生改变。SO_2在不同形式H_2O基团邻位吸附时,-H使S原子的p轨道态密度峰明显左移且吸附能比洁净表面大90 kJ/mol,其余基团表面吸附能无明显变化;SO_2吸附于-OH和-H-OH生成HSO_3基团,吸附能相比于洁净表面较小,可能作为暂态结构;SO_2吸附于-H_2O生成SO_3基团,H_2O断键生成的H基团起主要吸附作用,CaO表面上生成类似Ca(OH)_2的局部结构且吸附能比洁净表面大45 kJ/mol。     

Pt原子在γ-Al2O3(001)表面的吸附及迁移

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中广义梯度近似(GGA)方法, 对Pt原子与γ-Al₂O₃(001)面的相互作用及迁移性能进行了研究. 分析了各种可能吸附位及吸附构型的松弛和变形现象, 吸附能和迁移能垒的计算结果表明: Pt团簇能够稳定吸附在该表面. Pt原子在表面O位的吸附能明显较高, 这主要是由Pt向基底O原子转移了电子所致. 电荷布居分析表明, Pt原子显电正性, Pt和Al原子之间存在排斥作用, 导致与Al原子产生较弱相互作用. 计算的平均吸附能大小依赖于Pt团簇的大小和形状, 总体趋势是随着Pt原子数增多, 吸附能降低. Pt原子在γ-Al₂O₃(001)表面迁移过程所需克服的迁移能垒最高值为0.51 eV. 随着吸附的Pt原子数增多,更倾向于形成Pt团簇. 因此, Pt原子在γ-Al₂O₃(001)表面的吸附演变不可能形成光滑、均匀平铺的吸附构型, 而在一定条件下容易出现团聚.     

TiO2(110)面的弛豫结构及吸附O2的密度泛函研究

采用DFT/B3LYP方法研究了TiO2 ( 110 )的完整和氧缺陷表面的弛豫构型 ,并对O2 在氧缺陷表面的三种可能吸附构型进行了优化 ,计算了它们的吸附能、振动频率和重叠布居 .分析并预测了吸附后可能产生的物种 .本文的计算结果与XPS ,TPD和ELS等实验吻合     

CO在α-U(001)表面的吸附

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似,计算了CO在α-U(001)表面的吸附、解离和扩散.结果表明:CO分子以CU3OU2构型化学吸附在α-U(001)表面,吸附能为1.78-1.99eV;吸附后表层U原子向上迁移,伴随着褶皱的产生;CO分子与表面U原子的相互作用主要是U原子的电子向CO分子最低空轨道2π*转移,以及CO2π*/5σ/1π-U6d轨道间杂化而生成新的化学键;CO解离吸附较分子吸附在能量上更为有利,h1(C)+h2(O)和h1(C)+h1(O)(h:空位)解离态吸附能分别为2.71和3.08eV;近邻三重穴位之间C、O原子的扩散能垒分别为0.57和0.14eV,预示O原子较C原子更易在U(001)表面扩散迁移.     

Pt/Cu(001)-p(2×2)-O表面吸附结构的总能计算

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了氧吸附后Pt/Cu(001)表面合金的原子结构和表面性质.计算结果表明,在Pt/Cu(001)-p(2×2)-O表面最稳定结构中,衬底表面原子层不发生再构,氧原子吸附于4重对称的Pt原子谷位,每个氧原子吸附能约为2.303 eV.吸附结构的Cu-O和Pt-O键键长分别为0.202和0.298 nm,氧原子的吸附高度Zcu-O约为0.092 nm.吸附前后Pt/Cu(001)-1ML(monolayer)表面合金的表面功函数分别为4.678和5.355 ev.吸附表面氧原子和衬底的结合主要来自氧原子2p轨道和衬底金属原子d轨道的杂化作用,氧原子吸附形成的表面电子态主要位于费米能级以下约-2.7 eV处.     

甲醛在FeS2(100)完整与S-缺陷表面吸附的理论研究

运用密度泛函理论广义梯度近似的PBE方法结合周期平板模型,研究了HCHO分子在FeS2(100)完整与S-缺陷表面的吸附.结果表明,在两种表面上,HCHO均通过O原子与两个表面作用:稳定吸附于完整表面Fe-top位(Fe五配位);而在S-缺陷表面则存在两种稳定吸附模式,即HCHO分别与表面的一个和两个四配位Fe成键.对...     

Conversion of N2O to N2 on MgO （001） Surface with Vacancy： A DFT Study

The adsorption and decomposition of NzO at regular and defect sites of MgO (001) surface have been studied using cluster models embedded in a large array of point charges (PCs) by DFT/B3LYP method. The results indicate that the MgO (001)surface with oxygen vacancies exhibits high catalytic reactivity toward N2O adsorptive-decomposition. It is different from the regular MgO surface or the surface with magnesium vacancies.Much elongation of O—N bond of N2O after adsorption at oxy-gen vacancy site with O end down shows that O—N bond has been broken with concurrent production of N2, leaving a regu-lar site instead of the original oxygen vacancy site (F center ).The MgO (001) surface with magnesium vacancies hardly ex-hibits catalytic reactivity. It can be concluded that N2O dissoci-ation likely occurs at oxygen vacancy sites of MgO (001) sur-face, which is consistent with the generally accepted viewpoint in the experiments. The potential energy surface (PES) reflects that the dissociation process of N2O does not virtually need to surmount a given energy barrier.     

NO在MgO(001)缺陷表面吸附解离的量子化学研究

在密度泛函理论框架下,采用嵌入点电荷簇模型研究了NO在MgO(001)完整和缺陷表面上的吸附。研究结果表明:具有氧缺陷结构表面的催化活性较高,有利于NO键的削弱;当另一个NO分子进攻已吸附的NO分子时,NO键将进一步削弱,直致断裂,并伴有N2O产生,这与UPS和MIES实验观察到的现象一致。Mulliken布居分析指出,底物电子向NO转移,并填充到NO的*反键轨道上,从而导致NO键的削弱,并形成NO-。这也是可能导致形成NO-的原因。研究还表明,具有镁缺陷的MgO(001)表面对NO的解离没有催化活性。     

DFT Study of Metal Atoms Adsorbed at Low-coordinated Sites of MgO （001） Surface

1 INTRODUCTION The interfaces between metals and oxide play a vital role in many industrial applications: hetero- geneous catalysis, microelectronics, thermal barriers, corrosion protection, metal processing and so on[1]. In catalysis, the choice of metal and oxide support is critical in order to obtain a desired reactivity and selectivity[2]. This is due in part to the inherent reac- tivity of the two components. Also the size and shape of the metal particle, which depend on the choice…     

First-principles Periodic Density Functional Study of CO Adsorption on Spinel-type CuCr2O4 (100) Surface

The catalytic properties of CuCr2O4 with the cubic normal spinel-type structure were discussed by means of studying CO adsorption on the CuCr2O4 (100) surface in the framework of density functional theory. The results of geometry optimization show that CO prefers to adsorb at a Cu site with the adsorption energy of 133.2 kJ/mol. The adsorptions at all sites lead to a decrease in C-O stretching frequency, an increase in C-O bond length and a net positive Mulliken charge for the CO molecule. Population analysis indicates that the charges transfer from the CO molecule to substrate. The density of states for CO molecule before and after adsorption are also computed to discuss the bonding mechanism of CO.     

甲醇在FeS2(100)完整表面的吸附和分解

采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论结合周期平板模型方法, 研究了甲醇分子在FeS₂(100)完整表面的吸附与解离. 通过比较不同吸附位置的吸附能和构型参数发现: 表面Fe位为有利吸附位, 甲醇分子通过氧原子吸附在表面Fe位, 吸附后甲醇分子中的C―O键和O―H键都有伸长, 振动频率发生红移; 甲醇分子易于解离成甲氧基CH3O和H, 表面Fe位仍然是二者有利吸附位. 通过计算得出甲醇在FeS₂(100)表面解离吸附的可能机理: 甲醇分子首先发生O―H键的断裂, 生成甲氧基中间体, 继而甲氧基C―H键断裂, 得到最后产物HCHO和H₂.     

DFT Study of Alkali Metal Atom Adsorption on Defect-Free MgO(001) Surface

The adsorption of isolated alkali metal atoms (Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) on defect-free sur-face of MgO(001) has been systemically investigated with density functional theory using a pseudopotential plane-wave approach. The adsorption energy calculated is about -0.72 eV for the lithium on top of the surface O site and about one third of this value for the other alkali metals. The relatively strong interaction of Li with the surface O can be explained by a more covalent bonding involved, evidenced by results of both the projected density of states and the charge density difference. The bonding mechanism is discussed in detail for all alkali metals.     

洁净和氧吸附的Cu(100)表面重构的理论研究

The interaction of atomic oxygen with the clean Cu(100) surface has been studied by means of cluster and periodic slab models density functional theory in the present paper. The Cu(4,9,4) cluster and a three-layer slab with c(2×2) structure are used to model the perfect Cu(100) surface. Three possible adsorption sites,top, bridge and hollow site, were considered in the calculations. The predicted results show that the hollow site is the prefer site for atomic oxygen adsorbed on Cu(100) surface energetically. This is in good agreement with the experiment. The calculated binding energies are respective 2.014, 3.154 and 3.942 eV for top, bridge and hollow sites at mPW1PW91/LanL2dz level for the cluster model. The geometry of Cu(100) surface has also been optimized theoretically with various density functional methods and the results show that the prediction from the B3PW91/LanL2dz and mPW1PW91/LanL2dz reproduce the experimental observation.The frontier molecular orbitals and partial density of states analysis show that the electron transfer from the d orbital of substrate to the p orbital of the surface oxygen atom.     

Adsorption of H2O,OH, and O on CuCl(111) Surface: A Density Functional Theory Study

The adsorption of H2O molecule and its dissociation products, O and OH, on CuCl(111) surface was studied with periodic slab model by PW91 approach of GGA within the framework of density functional theory. The results of geometry optimization indicate that the top site is stable energetically for H2O adsorbed over the CuCl(111) surface. The threefold hollow site is found to be the most stable adsorption site for OH and O, and the calculated adsorption energies are 309.5 and 416.5 kJ/mol, respectively. Adsorption of H2O on oxygen-precovered CuCl(111) surface to form surface hydroxyl groups is predicted to be exothermic by 180.1 kJ/mol. The stretching vibrational frequencies, Mulliken population analysis and density of states analysis are employed to interpret the possible mechanism for the computed results.     

乙炔在Ge(001)表面吸附的反应路径

采用第一性原理方法研究了乙炔分子在Ge(001)表面的吸附反应.通过系统考察0.5和1.0ML覆盖度时形成di-σ和end-bridge构型的反应路径,研究在表面形成di-σ和paired-end-bridge构型的反应几率.除了表面反应以外,本文还涉及了亚表层Ge原子参与的吸附反应,乙炔在亚表层原子上吸附形成的亚稳态结构sub-di-σ,是形成end-bridge结构的第二条途径,此反应机理对于表面吸附结构的形成起重要的作用.与乙炔分子不同的是,表面以下原子参与时乙烯分子的吸附反应为吸热反应.综合热力学和动力学的分析表明,paired-end-bridge构型是乙炔分子吸附的主要构型,此结论解释了乙炔分子在Ge(001)表面吸附构型的实验结果.对于乙烯和乙炔两分子在Ge(001)表面吸附的分析比较揭示了导致两者之间差异的原因.