磷酸化油菜秸秆纤维素吸附剂的制备及对溶菌酶的吸附

以天然产物油菜秸秆纤维素粉作为基质,二甲基甲酰胺为交联剂,磷酸为修饰剂,制备了新型磷酸化油菜秸秆纤维素生物吸附剂。用红外光谱、透射电子显微镜及X射线光电子能谱,对油菜秸秆纤维素和磷酸化油菜秸秆纤维素吸附剂进行表征。研究了油菜秸秆纤维素粉改性前后对溶菌酶的吸附,包括吸附溶液的pH值、溶菌酶的初始浓度、吸附时间、温度及NaCl的浓度等因素对吸附的影响。结果表明,在温度25℃,pH值7.4,吸附时间10h的条件下,磷酸化油菜秸秆纤维素粉微球对溶菌酶的吸附容量为451.71 mg·g-1,而未修饰油菜秸秆纤维素粉微球对溶菌酶的吸附容量只有332.43mg·g-1。在优化条件下用修饰吸附剂从鸡蛋清中分离纯化溶菌酶,纯化倍数为19.8,收得率为51.3%。     

改性麦壳对水中苯酚的生物吸附作用

通过对农业副产物麦壳进行甲醛甲酸甲基化改性,研究了改性后麦壳对苯酚的吸附情况,讨论了吸附时间、吸附剂用量、初始浓度、温度及pH等条件对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,改性后的麦壳对苯酚的吸附反应迅速,随着吸附剂用量增加,吸附量增大;增大初始浓度,吸附量升高;升温对反应不利;酸性条件下有利于吸附。改性后的麦壳对苯酚的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温模型。改性麦壳可用于苯酚的去除。     

氨基硫脲改性纤维素的合成及其对Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附

通过氯化和胺解两步反应,对玉米秸秆纤维素骨架中的羟基进行化学改性,得到氨基硫脲改性的纤维素。通过红外光谱和电子能谱对该改性玉米秸秆纤维素进行了表征,并研究了作为吸附剂对水溶液中Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附能力。结果表明:所获得的氨基硫脲改性纤维素对Hg(Ⅱ)的最大饱和吸附量为499.6mg/g;吸附模型符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和准二级动力学模型,拟合系数R2在0.98以上;改性纤维素材料表面富有的氨基硫脲官能团与重金属Hg(Ⅱ)离子发生的表面络合作用,增加了其吸附性能。     

微波辅助细菌纤维素酯的制备及对Pb(Ⅱ)的高效去除

以细菌纤维素(BC)为原料,通过微波辅助酯化改性的方法制得了两种改性细菌纤维素,细菌纤维素黄原酸酯(XMBC)和细菌纤维素硫酸酯(SMBC)。对所制备的样品进行X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜-电子能谱(SEM-EDS)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱和BET比表面积分析,通过续批式实验考察其对Pb(Ⅱ)的去除效果。研究了pH值、反应时间、温度、污染物初始浓度、离子强度对其吸附能力的影响以及材料再生性能。结果表明,改性细菌纤维素的比表面积和孔容均有上升,其对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量随反应温度和离子强度的增加而降低,最优pH值为5.0。巯基的引入增强了细菌纤维素对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附能力,改性后的吸附剂显示出比原始BC更优异的吸附性能,其中XMBC和SMBC的最大吸附量分别为144.93和126.58 mg·g^-1,该吸附过程符合准二级速率方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型。材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附是自发的放热过程,且吸附剂易于再生和重复回收。因此, SMBC和XMBC作为从水中富集分离重金属的新型材料具有及大应用前景。     

改性果胶-Fe_3O_4磁性微球的制备及对Cu~(2+)吸附性能研究

采用氯化钙、环氧氯丙烷交联改性,制备了改性果胶磁性微粒,分别用红外光谱、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射对样品进行了表征并对实验条件进行了探究。实验结果表明:环氧氯丙烷改性果胶-Fe_3O_4微球吸附剂对Cu~(2+)有较好的吸附。该吸附符合准二级动力学方程,主要为化学吸附。当Cu~(2+)的初始浓度160 mg·L~(-1),吸附剂添加量为20 mg,反应时间为90 min,反应温度为60℃时的单位吸附量为74.89 mg·g~(-1)。研究还表明EDTA对磁性微球的洗脱效果最佳。环氧氯丙烷改性果胶-Fe_3O_4微球吸附剂对香螺、海螺和黄蚬子三种贝类的酶解液中Cu~(2+)进行脱除实验,去除率分别为85.1%,82.4%和83.5%,效果良好。     

水稻秸秆的改性及其对重金属Cu2+的吸附

重金属Cu2+可直接或间接危害人体,作为天然吸附剂的农业废弃物因价廉易得、来源广泛、吸附高效等优点备受青睐。本文选用水稻秸秆（RS）为吸附原料,分别经酸、碱改性后得到H2SO4-RS和NaOH-RS,通过FT-IR、SEM和BET对改性前后吸附材料的表面官能团、表观形貌和结构等理化性质进行分析,考察投加量、吸附时间、初始Cu2+浓度和离子强度对吸附效果的影响,并结合吸附动力学、吸附等温线和热力学模型对吸附过程进行探讨。结果表明：改性水稻秸秆对Cu2+达到吸附平衡所需的投加量和时间较之未改性RS大大减少,去除率由42.0%分别提升至85.9%（H2SO4-RS）和90.0%（NaOH-RS）;随初始Cu2+浓度和离子强度的增大,RS的吸附性能显著降低,H2SO4-RS有所降低,而NaOH-RS只是稍有下降,NaOH-RS对150 mg/L含Cu2+溶液的去除率仍达到84.2%,离子强度cNaCl = 0.1 mol/L时去除率维持在86.1%。吸附动力学和吸附等温实验表明水稻秸秆对Cu2+的吸附符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型;热力学分析显示,相同温度下RS、H2SO4-RS和NaOH-RS吸附Cu2+过程的ΔG逐渐减小,且改性后两种吸附剂的ΔG均小于0,ΔH由改性前的正值转变为负值,说明水稻秸秆改性后吸附Cu2+的自发性更强,为自发的放热过程。     

球形纤维素吸附剂对Cu~(2+)的吸附动力学与热力学研究

以离子液体([Bmim]Cl)为反应介质,丙烯酸为单体,对纤维素进行均相接枝共聚,并采用油包水反相悬浮技术制得球形纤维素吸附剂。采用静态吸附实验方法研究了该吸附剂对水溶液中Cu2+的吸附性能,包括各种因素(溶液pH值,溶液初始浓度,吸附时间,吸附温度)对吸附效果的影响。研究结果表明,适当提高溶液pH值,增加溶液初始浓度,以及延长吸附时间都有利于改善吸附效果;球形纤维素吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,吸附过程是自发的放热过程;吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附符合二级吸附动力学模型,吸附过程由膜扩散和颗粒内扩散联合控制。球形纤维素吸附剂对Cu2+的具有很好的吸附性并具有良好的再生性能,可以循环使用。     

亲和吸附剂对细菌内毒素吸附性能的研究

制备了以球形纤维素为载体、8种氨基酸和1种聚赖氨酸为配基的吸附剂,对质量浓度为100.0pg/mL的内毒素水溶液进行了吸附研究,绘制了吸附等温线,并初步探讨了吸附机理.结果表明,精氨酸和赖氨酸配基具有良好的吸附能力,在1.5mL100.0pg/mL内毒素溶液中吸附量分别达到182.0和160.0pg/mL;吸附等温线显示,以赖氨酸为配基的吸附剂其吸附量随溶液内毒素浓度增加而线性增加,符合Langmuir吸附方程,吸附能力强,具有一定的临床应用前景.     

苯并噻吩在酸改性NaY分子筛上的吸附

以NaY分子筛为母体,通过柠檬酸、磷酸改性分别得到吸附剂NaY-C和NaY-P.采用SEM、XRD、XRF、N₂物理吸附及NH₃-TPD表征可知,柠檬酸改性后得到的NaY-C吸附剂介孔表面积增加,分子筛骨架结构保持不变.同时,磷酸改性使得NaY分子筛表面弱酸量减少强酸量增加,改性后所得吸附剂NaY-P的强酸量大于NaY-C.吸附实验表明,NaY-C和NaY-P均可完全脱除模拟油品中的苯并噻吩,同时NaY-C吸附剂对0^#柴油的脱硫能力优于NaY-P吸附剂.再生实验中NaY-C和NaY-P吸附剂对模拟油品的脱硫率由第一次的100%分别下降至第6次的91.97%和85.96%.由此可知,柠檬酸改性NaY分子筛所得NaY-C吸附剂的脱硫能力优于NaY-P,原因是吸附剂上的介孔更易于发生吸附脱硫.     

活性氧化铝及其再生氧化铝对水中氟离子的吸附（英文）

水的氟污染是全世界普遍存在的问题,因此受到了人们的极大关注。我们研究重点是使用活性氧化铝及再生后的活性氧化铝脱除水中的氟离子。为了得到合适的吸附剂,我们将工业薄水铝石在573 K至1473 K范围内进行煅烧,并对其进行表征。从X射线衍射图中可以看出,当煅烧温度在773 K至1473 K之间时,样品转化为γ-氧化铝(活性氧化铝)。且BET数据显示,当煅烧温度在773K至1473K之间时,样品的比表面积逐渐降低。在本实验中,我们选用773K、873K、973 K煅烧的活性氧化铝作为除氟吸附剂,同时选用动态吸附法移除水中的氟离子。突破曲线表明吸附容量随着煅烧温度的增加而降低。为了研究氟离子的初始浓度对吸附容量的影响,我们选用15 mg·L~(-1)、20 mg·L~(-1)、25 mg·L~(-1)的氟离子溶液作为初始溶液,且吸附剂的吸附容量随着初始浓度的增加而增加。当活性氧化铝吸附氟离子达到饱和后,用pH值为13.0、13.3和13.5的氢氧化钠溶液对其再生,并用0.1 mol·L~(-1)的盐酸溶液对其进行活化以提高吸附剂的吸附能力。通过比较五次再生过程中的解吸率和铝溶解率,可以看出pH值为13.0的氢氧化钠溶液最适合作解吸剂。通过分析吸附剂的氮气吸-脱附等温线,发现再生后的吸附剂的氮气吸脱附等温线的形状并没有发生很大的变化,说明再生过程中吸附剂的孔结构并没有被破坏。五次再生过程中吸附剂的比表面积和等电点的变化是影响吸附容量很重要的两个因素,发现吸附剂再生后其比表面积和等电点均增加。为检测再生吸附剂的吸附效果,每次再生后都需要进行一次吸附实验。突破曲线表明,和初始活性氧化铝相比,再生后达到饱和所用的时间更短,吸附量越大。为了探究吸附机理,我们用红外光谱表征吸附剂中的羟基,发现再生过程中吸附剂中Al―O―H含量的变化是影响活性氧化铝对氟离子吸附量的关键因素。     

ADSORPTION OF PHENOL AND NITROPHENOLS ON A HYPERCROSSLINKED POLYMERIC ADSORBENT

1. INTRODUCTION Nitrophenols are versatile raw materials in chemical industry and used in a great diversity of applications such as herbicides, insecticides and bactericides. Due to their extreme toxicity and adverse effect upon human and biota at very l…     

β-环糊精接枝壳聚糖的合成及其吸附性能

采用乙二醛作为交联物合成了一种β-环糊精接枝壳聚糖,研究了其对水溶液中对硝基苯酚的吸附性能;考察了温度、pH值、吸附时间、酚溶液初始浓度等因素对其吸附性能的影响.结果表明,当吸附时间为20min,pH值为5~6,温度为25℃~35℃,酚溶液初始浓度为80 mg/L时,β-环糊精接枝壳聚糖对对硝基苯酚的吸附性能最佳.     

STUDY ON THE ADSORPTION OF PHENOL BY CHITOSAN FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

The effects of pH, initial concentration and temperature on the adsorption of phenol by chitosan were investigated in this paper. The isothermal data was applied to Langmuir linear and the Freundlich linear isotherm equation, and the thermodynamic parameters （AH, AG, AS） were calculated according to the values of binding Langmuir constant, KL. Results indicated that the adsorption between chitosan and phenol was significantly physical in nature, the negative ΔH constant at lower temperature confirmed that more phenol was adsorbed by chitosan at lower temperature. The kinetics of the sorption process of phenol on chitosan was investigated using the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetics, and results showed that the second order equation model provided the best correlation with the experimental results.     

Removal of Phenol from Wastewater Using Date Seed Carbon

The adsorption of phenol on Date Seed Carbon (DSC) was investigated to assess its possible use as an adsorbent for the processing of phenolic wastewater. The influence of various factors such as initial concentration, agitation speed, amount of adsorbent and temperature on the adsorption capacity has been studied. The percentage removal of phenol was observed to increase with increase an initial concentration of phenol. The adsorption of phenol decrease with an increase in temperature indicated the exothermic nature of the reaction. The Langmuir and Freundlich equations interpret adsorption isothermal data. Kinetic data was obtained by using a pseudo‐second‐order equation to understand the reaction mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG, ΔH and ΔS for the adsorption process were calculated.     

Sphere‐to‐Rod Transitions in Cationic Micelles: Quaternary Ammonium Halides+Phenol+Water Systems

Viscosity measurements on aqueous micellar solutions of cationic surfactants containing phenol with and without sodium bromide were made to study the sphere‐to‐rod transitions. Effect of surfactant structure (nonpolar tail, polar head group sizes and counterion), temperature, and phenol and sodium bromide concentration on the viscosity behavior of the surfactant solution is discussed. The sphere‐to‐rod transition is usually indicated by a marked increase in viscosity. While low temperature, high surfactant concentration, presence of salt, and hydrophobic nature of surfactant all favor the formation of rod‐like micelles, the presence of phenol showed peculiar behavior. Initial additions of phenol (up to about 2.5 wt%) showed a marked increase in viscosity, independent of the nature and concentration of surfactant and temperature; lower viscosities were observed at higher phenol concentration. Conductance and sound velocity results support the viscosity results.     

ADSORPTION OF PHENOL AND NITROPHENOLS ON A HYPERCROSSLINKED POLYMERIC ADSORBENT

The adsorption of phenol and nitrophenols on hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent wasstudied as a function of the solution concentration and temperature. Adsorption isotherms of phenoland nitrophenols on hypercrosslinked resin were determined. These isotherms were modeledaccording to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The isotherms for phenol and nitrophenols onhypercrosslinked resin were assigned as L curves. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated for allphenol and nitrophenols. The kinetics experiment results showed that the adsorption rates were of thefirst-order kinetics. The rate constants at 303K were calculated.     

纳米羟基磷灰石制备及其对溶液中苯酚吸附的优化设计

采用化学沉淀法制备得到纳米羟基磷灰石(n-HAp)粉体,研究了n-HAp粉体对水溶液中苯酚的吸附性能,并初步探讨了其在粉体上的吸附机理,在低浓度(5~30mg/L)时的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附模型。实验结果表明,n-HAp粉体对苯酚具有较好的吸附效果,2h可基本达到吸附平衡。利用正交设计实验探讨了粉体煅烧温度、吸附温度、吸附时间、溶液pH等因素对吸附效果的影响。正交实验结果统计分析表明,各种因素对吸附的影响程度依次为:溶液pH>煅烧温度>振荡温度>振荡时间。pH对吸附性能的影响最明显,强酸和强碱环境能有效提高n-HAp对苯酚的吸附量。     

乙酰苯胺修饰的吸附树脂对苯酚和对氯苯酚的吸附研究

通过Friedel-Crafts后交联及化学修饰反应,合成了乙酰苯胺基修饰的超高交联吸附树脂ZH-05,通过红外光谱(IR)和比表面及孔径分析(BET)对其结构进行表征.以Amberlite XAD-4树脂作为参照,通过等温吸附实验和吸附动力学实验探讨了ZH-05树脂对水溶液中苯酚和对氯苯酚的吸附性能和机理.结果表明,与XAD-4树脂相比,ZH-05树脂对苯酚和对氯苯酚均具有更佳的吸附性能.Langmuir和Freundlich方程均能较好拟合ZH-05树脂对苯酚和对氯苯酚的吸附等温线.ZH-05树脂对苯酚和对氯苯酚的吸附以焓推动的自发物理吸附过程为主,吸附过程放热;吸附符合准一级动力学吸附方程,颗粒内扩散是吸附过程的主要控制步骤.     

ND-100超高交联吸附树脂对水中苯酚的吸附行为研究

通过静态吸附试验，研究了ND－100超高交联树脂对水溶液中苯酚的吸附动力学和热力学特性，探讨了初始浓度对吸附过程的影响。结果表明 ND－100树脂对苯酚的吸附速率同时受液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散过程控制。吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程，吸附量随着温度的升高而降低，随着平衡浓度的增大而增大，吸附表现为放热的物理吸附过程。     

Modeling synergistic adsorption of phenol/aniline mixtures in the aqueous phase onto porous polymer adsorbents

The adsorption equilibria of phenol and aniline on nonpolar polymer adsorbents (NDA-100, XAD-4, NDA-16 and NDA-1800) were investigated in single- and binary-solute adsorption systems at 313 K. The results showed that all the adsorption isotherms of phenol and aniline on these adsorbents can be well fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir equations, and the experimental uptake of phenol and aniline in all binary-component systems is obviously higher than predicted by the extended Langmuir model, arising presumably from the synergistic effect caused by the laterally acid-base interaction between the adsorbed phenol and aniline molecules. A new model (MELM) was developed to quantitatively describe the synergistic adsorption behavior of phenol/aniline equimolar mixtures in the binary-solute systems and showed a marked improvement in correlating the binary-solute adsorption of phenol and aniline by comparison with the widely used extended Langmuir model. The newly developed model confirms that the synergistic coefficient of one adsorbate is linearly correlated with the adsorbed amount of the other, and the larger average pore size of adsorbent results in the greater synergistic effect of phenol/aniline equimolar mixtures adsorption.