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部分中学生对物质溶解度计算感到困难,除了学习基础的原因外,在教学中也有值得注意的倾向。一是,过分强调公式等“硬”方法,列出不同类型计算题的公式让学生强记,学生没搞清楚“所以然”;一是,计算方法较繁,学生抓不住概念,不能简明地求解。 相似文献
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采用反气相色谱(IGC)法,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为固定相,脂肪族、芳香族、醇、酮及卤代烃5类18种化合物为探针分子,研究PVA的溶解性质并获得了PVA在383.15~423.15 K范围内的溶解度参数(δ2)及相关热力学性质,并与Hansen溶解度参数法(HSP)测得的溶解度参数(δT)进行比较。结果表明,5类溶剂对PVA溶解能力的趋势为酮类 >醇类 >卤代烃、芳香类、脂肪族类>脂环族,卤代烃、芳香类和脂肪族类溶剂的溶解能力相似;在测试温度范围内PVA的δ2随温度升高而增加;采用IGC法外推出室温(298.15 K)下PVA的δ2为27.69 (J/cm3)0.5,与HSP法测得室温下PVA的δT(27.77 (J/cm3)0.5)一致。PVA溶解度参数及相关热力学参数的研究为其应用及相关研究提供了定量依据。 相似文献
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薄层色谱法测定聚苯乙烯的溶解度参数 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用薄层色谱法测定了聚苯乙烯的溶解度参数,其数值为9.10(cal/cm3)1/2,这个结果和文献中其它方法所得的结果甚为一致,而这个方法却比文献中其它测定高分子溶解度参数的方法既方便又简单,所以这是一种测定高分子溶解度参数的较好方法。 相似文献
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在研究自由基聚合反应动力学时,将单体浓度、引发剂浓度和溶剂浓度之间的摩尔比相对固定,并使之同步改变,由此获得一系列的R_p值。从时间—聚合转化率关系各直线部分截取转化率低于0.10质量分数、相对偏差小于±0.010质量分数的聚合物,测定它们的数均相对分子质量,于是关系式: 1/ _n=R_t/R_p+∑R_(tr)/R_p被简化为1/ =R_t/R_p+K链终止方式可从附表中判定。从1/ =k_1/K_p~2·R_p/c~2(M)+K(双基终止),1/ =k'_1/K_p·1/c(M)+K(单基终止)、或1/ =1/2·fk_dk_(prt)/(K_1·K_2)·c(I)/c~2(M)+K(初级自由基终止)计算出k_t/k_p~2·k_1'/k_p或1/2·fk_dk_(prt)/(k_1·k_p)值,并在各给定的实验条件下得C_1、C_s和C_M值。本文详细地阐述了1/ =K和1/ ≠K条件下计箅C_I、C_s和C_M值的实例。并由此佔价链转移反应机理。 相似文献
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你刊第一期所刊登“对溶解度计算的一点看法”一文所举(例3),列3两种解法.我认为还有第三种解法.(例3)是属于“二因素”一温度,溶剂都改变的溶解度计算题,这类题目可采取二因素一一考虑的“隔离法”来解. 相似文献
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在国内外一些大一无机化学中,难溶物质的溶度积(Ksp)和溶解度(S)常用表1罗列的关系式相互求算。一些课本在处理这部分内容时,只讲关系式,不讲这些关系式的应用条件;只讲近似计算,不讲准确(系统)计算;只讲特殊情况,不讲一般情况。 相似文献
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用于聚合物溶液扩散系数计算的活度系数模型比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用40个聚合物溶液体系的实验数据,对三个有代表性的活度系数模型用于计算联系自扩散系数和互扩散系数的热力学因子的精度进行了比较,结果表明三个模型的精度相近,误差一般在20%左右。,因而本工作揭示了聚合物溶注保由自扩散系数计算与扩散系数的一个潜在问题。即由于活度系数模型计算热力学因子误差较大所带来的较大不确定性。 相似文献
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Nader Mansoori Oghaz Behzad Haghighi Mohammad Mehdi Alavianmehr Ebrahim Ghiamati 《Journal of solution chemistry》2013,42(3):544-554
A robust and efficient procedure is presented for calculating the solubility parameter. An analytical equation for internal pressure is proposed. Through a simple relation reported by Verdier and Andersen (fluid phase equilibrium 231: 125–137, 2005), one can easily find the solubility parameter via our analytical equation for the internal pressure. Also, the radial distribution function (RDF) of a Lennard–Jones LJ (12, 6) fluid, proposed by Xu and Hu (fluid phase equilibrium 30: 221–228, 1986), has been employed to calculate the internal pressure of normal alkanes from methane to decane. Their solubility parameters were evaluated according to the calculated values of the internal pressure. A comparison between the experimental and the estimated values demonstrated a very good agreement between them. 相似文献
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Saeed Yousefinejad Fatemeh Honarasa Fatemeh Abbasitabar Zeinab Arianezhad 《Journal of solution chemistry》2013,42(8):1620-1632
Because of the importance of the solubility of buckminsterfullerene, C60, as the most well-known carbon nanomaterial, a multiparameter linear model is proposed for C60 solubility in different solvents using solvent empirical parameters. The obtained model covers more than 81 and 87 % of the variance in the training and test sets, respectively. On the other hand, because of the potential of solvent empirical parameters for probing different aspects of the solvent–solute interactions, some information about the solubility of C60 in solution phase was obtained. The results showed that hydrogen bond donation ability, basicity scale and dispersion interactions were some of the effective parameters for correlating the solubility of C60 in various solvents. 相似文献
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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science - Understanding the sliding dynamics is critical for developing rotaxane-based mechanically interlocked polymers. In this work, we studied the sliding behavior of... 相似文献
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The shape parameter obtained from the geometric model of Ishihara and Hayashida for ovaloid polymers, together with the scaled-particle theory, are applied to a mixture of methane and ethylene. The results are in good agreement with the experimental values, indicating the validity of the model and suggesting application to other polymer properties. 相似文献
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利用溶解度参数选择有机溶剂提取土壤中多种有机氯农药 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用基团贡献法计算了提取溶剂(正己烷、二氯甲烷、正己烷—甲醇(体积比4:1)、正己烷—丙酮(体积比1:1)、正己烷—二氯甲烷(体积比1:1))和有机氯农药(o,p′—DDT,o.p′—DDE,o,p′—DDD,α—endosubn,endrin,HCB)的色散溶解度参数(δd)、极性溶解度参数(δp)和氢键溶解度参数(δh),运用溶解度参数的理论筛选有机溶剂提取江西红壤中多种有机氯农药:研究表明正己烷—甲醇(体积比4:1)和正己烷—丙酮(体积比1:1)是提取江西红壤中o,p′—DDT,o,p′—DDE,o,p′—DDD多种有机氯农药的最佳提取溶剂(回收率大于82%),对α—endosulfan,endrin,HCB的提取也能满足检测需要(回收率大于75%)。超声波提取的结果验证了溶解度参数预测的合理性。 相似文献
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J. Thimmasetty C. V. S. Subrahmanyam P. R. Sathesh Babu M. A. Maulik B. A. Viswanath 《Journal of solution chemistry》2008,37(10):1365-1378
The solubility behavior of pimozide in individual solvents ranging from nonpolar to highly polar was studied. For understanding
the solute-solvent interactions, the partial solubility parameters concept was utilized. Solutions containing excess drug
were shaken in a water bath for 72 hours at 25 °C. After the solutions attained equilibrium, they were filtered and analyzed
for drug content. A multiple regression method, using extended Hansen’s partial solubility parameters, was applied to verify
the solubilities of pimozide in pure polar and nonpolar solvents and to predict its solubility in untested solvents. The three-parameter
approach and the Flory-Huggins size correction term ‘B’ give predictions of solubilities with correlations up to 97%. The four-parameter approach involving proton-donor and proton-acceptor
parameters was also used in fitting the solubility data. The correlations are appreciable (94%). Further, the ‘B’ term coupled with four-parameter approach was examined in order to improve the data representation, and resulted in a 1%
improvement (98%) in the correlation when compared to the Flory-Huggins size-correction method. The solubility parameter obtained
by this method is 10.43 H which is closer to the values obtained by theoretical methods, such as Fedors’ and Hoy’s. The resulting
partial solubility parameters are δ
2d
=8.85 H, δ
2p
=2.17 H, δ
2a
=3.15 H, and δ
2b
=4.08 H, which give insights into the interaction capability of pimozide and are consistent with its chemical structure. Pimozide
is a Lewis base as its δ
2b
>δ
2a
. The total solubility parameter of pimozide is assigned at 10.43 H. This work demonstrates for the first time the validity
of the four-parameter approach coupled with the Flory-Huggins size-correction term and therefore the result is interesting. 相似文献
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在讲授难溶硫化物溶解度的计算时,由于其阴离子在纯水中发生水解作用,会改变溶液的pH,计算此类弱酸盐在水中的溶解度时,要考虑其阴离子水解的影响。现行教材大都分两种情况来讨论:若沉淀的溶解度非常小,则认为由S2-水解产生的[OH-]很小,此时水解后溶液的pH与水相同,可按pH=7时的酸效应来计算沉淀的溶解度;若沉淀的溶解度较大,则水解后溶液的pH大于7,此时按阴离子第一级水解已经完全,而第二级水解基本上没有发生,作近似计算[1]。本文提出了一种计算难溶硫化物在水中溶解度的新方法,即通过分段考虑S2-离子水解后水的pH,逆向推出与之对应的难溶硫化物的Ksp范围,并给出了溶解度大小的近似计算公式。 相似文献
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借鉴数学中求方程根的二分迭代法精确计算难溶电解质在水解、酸化、络合后的溶解度,在估计出[H+]的大致范围后,再选定迭代精度。当正电荷总浓度与负电荷总浓度之相对偏差小于迭代精度时,即可认为正电荷总浓度与负电荷总浓度相等,计算结束,得到结果。本方法能计算出传统方法无法计算的化合物的溶解度、pH及水解产物的浓度。 相似文献
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本文研究了聚甲基丙烯酸三乙基锡酯(PTETM)在二十五种溶剂中的溶解性能。测定了PTETM试样在不同溶剂中的特性粘数,估算了PTETM的三维溶度参数为:δ=18.8(J/cm~3)~(1/2);δ_d=16.8(J/cm~3)~(1/2);δ_p=6.28(J/cm~3)~(1/2);δ_h=5.73(J/cm~3)~(1/2)。并就聚合物中锡原子上的取代基对其溶解性能的影响进行了讨论。作者还订定了PTETM在四氢呋喃溶液中,25℃时的MHS方程为[η]=2.55×10~(-3)M_w~(0.691);在甲苯溶液中,30℃时的MHS方程为[η]=2.79×10~(-3)M_w~(0.662)。利用Burchard-Stockmayer-Fixman关系,由四氢呋喃体系(25℃)和甲苯体系(30℃)所求得的Flory特征比C_∞=9.4。 相似文献