非对称性微孔复合陶瓷膜制备技术研究

采用压制-烧结法制备多孔氧化铝陶瓷片,并采用溶胶-凝胶法在多孔氧化铝陶瓷载体上依次沉积孔径逐渐减小的氧化铝陶瓷膜、氧化锆陶瓷膜和氧化钛陶瓷膜,从而得到具有非对称性结构的多孔复合陶瓷膜。采用压制-烧结法,将粉末造粒、压制、干燥,然后烧结,可分别得到平均孔径大约为2μm,6μm,10μm的多孔陶瓷片,该多孔陶瓷片的开口孔隙率大于40%,断裂强度大于50N。以此陶瓷片作载体,经溶胶-凝胶法多次涂敷不同的溶胶,可分别得到孔径大约为200nm,400nm和600nm,厚度大约为40μm的多孔复合陶瓷膜。此多孔复合膜可作为气体及液体的过滤材料,也可以作为钯合金膜的支撑体。     

纳米自组装γ-Al_2O_3孔隙结构的核磁共振表征

纳米自组装γ-Al_2O_3具有两种纳米级孔道,可作为适合于大分子扩散的催化剂载体,也可用于页岩气藏模型。表征纳米材料孔隙结构的方法有扫描电镜、氮吸附法及压汞法等,各有局限。本文利用核磁共振弛豫测量对纳米自组装γ-Al_2O_3孔隙结构进行研究和定量表征,并通过核磁共振实验和数值模拟对纳米自组装γ-Al_2O_3表面弛豫强度及孔径分布进行探索。结果表明,数值模拟核磁弛豫表征的纳米自组装γ-Al_2O_3的主体孔径为5-7 nm和30-42 nm,核磁弛豫实验通过误差函数法表征的主体孔径为5-9 nm和29-47 nm。相比于氮吸附仅表征微孔介孔及部分大孔,不能表征大于100 nm孔径,压汞法描述小于10 nm孔径相对不准确等问题,核磁弛豫能够全面表征2.8-315 nm纳米自组装γ-Al_2O_3的双峰孔隙系统。三个样品S-1、S-2、S-3的横向弛豫时间T_2谱小孔大孔波峰的信号幅度比0.603、1.15、1.84直接反映各自的化学小孔大孔氧化铝投料比0.85、1.38、1.7的变化。建立的表征方法可以应用于页岩气微观结构和机理研究中,前景广阔。     

接枝多胺聚合物制备大孔阴离子交换色谱介质及其蛋白吸附行为评价

以环氧活化聚甲基丙烯酸酯大孔微球(FastSep-epoxy)为基质,通过接枝聚(烯丙基胺)(PAA)制备了大孔阴离子交换色谱介质(FastSep-PAA)。考察了介质的合成条件对离子交换容量(IC)及蛋白结合容量的影响,发现IC随PAA浓度、反应时间和溶液pH的增加均表现为增长趋势;同时结合蛋白吸附容量的变化选择了最优合成条件。通过扫描电子显微镜观察介质的表面形貌,发现其孔隙连通性较好,且接枝前后介质孔道结构无明显变化,PAA配基密度对介质结构无明显影响。此外,通过压汞法和氮气吸附法测定接枝前后不同介质的孔径尺寸和孔径分布情况,并考察该类介质的孔径与蛋白吸附行为的关系,发现其蛋白结合容量未出现随介质孔径尺寸增加而显著下降的现象,且孔径尺寸增加更有利于蛋白在介质内部传质。在126 cm/h的流速下FastSep-PAA介质的原始孔径(即FastSep-epoxy的孔径)为400 nm时的蛋白动态结合容量(DBC)最高(70.3 g/L),该孔径下介质比表面积大,蛋白可吸附位点较多;原始孔径为700 nm及以下的介质蛋白DBC均随流速增加而均有一定下降;原始孔径为1 000 nm的介质蛋...     

[Ca(NH2)2]n (n＝1～5)团簇的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-31G*基组水平上对[Ca(NH2)2]n (n＝1～5)团簇各种可能的构型进行几何结构优化, 预测了各团簇的最稳定结构. 并对最稳定结构的振动特性、成键特性、电荷特性等进行了理论研究. 结果表明: 团簇易形成环状结构, 以金属Ca原子团簇作为骨架, NH2基结合在金属团簇骨架上, 并主要是Ca—N成键和Ca—Ca成键. 团簇中Ca—N键长为0.225～0.257 nm, Ca—Ca键长为0.312～0.354 nm, N—H键长为0.102～0.103 nm, H—N—H键角为102.9°～104.2°; 团簇中Ca原子的自然电荷在1.657e～1.720e之间, N原子的自然电荷在－1.543e～－1.592e之间, H原子的自然电荷在0.349e～0.367e之间, Ca原子和NH2基之间相互作用呈现较强的离子性;对比团簇和晶体的结构及IR谱表明, NH2基在团簇和晶体中的结构基本一致.     

模板剂和制备条件对介孔CeO2材料性能的影响

在碱性条件下,采用Brij35、Brij35 CTAB、Brij35 PEG20000为模板剂合成了m-CeO2,考察了模板剂种类、合成温度、老化温度及焙烧温度等因素对m-CeO2性能的影响,运用XRD、FT-IR、TEM、N2吸附-脱附和比表面-孔径测定等手段对m-CeO2进行了表征。结果表明,表面活性剂的种类、合成温度、老化温度及焙烧温度对介孔材料的性能有较大影响。以Brij35 CTAB为复合模板剂,合成温度、老化温度及焙烧温度分别为40℃、60℃及450℃时,所制备的m-CeO2-BC,其比表面积、孔容、平均孔径和孔壁厚度分别为137.9m2/g、0.194 cm3/g、4.9nm和0.010nm,且孔径分布较集中,晶粒尺寸为5.9nm,为纳米介孔材料。     

多孔介质中甲烷水合物的生成特性的实验研究

在定容的条件下,实验研究了甲烷水合物在不同的多孔介质中的生成特性,所使用的多孔介质平均孔径为9.03,12.95,17.96与33.20 nm,其中孔径为12.95 nm的多孔介质使用了三个粒径范围,分别为0.105～0.150 mm,0.150～0.200 mm,0.300～0.450 mm;其他孔径的多孔介质的粒径...     

水分子凝胶聚集态的DSC和AFM研究

合成了一种新型凝胶因子，能在很低的浓度下使水发生凝胶化，形成水分子凝 胶。通过原子力显微镜(AFM)以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对水分子凝胶的微观形态进 行了表征，表明凝胶因子可以在水中聚集、自组装成延伸的螺旋缠绕细纤维结构， 并且得出了纤维束的平均直径在100nm左右，平均孔径在100nm左右。利用示差扫描 量热(DSC)的数据，计算了水分子凝胶体系的平均孔径大小在50～100nm左右，与 AFM和TEM观测的结果较吻合，从而验证了DSC理论推导计算的正确性。同时还得到 了不同浓度的水分子凝胶的凝胶—溶胶相转变温度Tcs在55—72℃之间，而且随着 凝胶因子浓度的增加，水分子凝胶体系的平均孔径呈减小的趋势，凝胶—溶胶相转 变温度呈上升的趋势。     

单壁碳纳米管中甲烷吸附的分子模拟

采用巨正则系统MonteCarlo方法研究了甲烷在单壁碳纳米管(Singlewallcarbonnanotube,SWNT)中于低温74.05K下的吸附等温线及吸附机理,发现在两个较小的孔径(1.225nm和1.632nm)下单壁碳纳米管中甲烷的吸附有着明显的微孔所独有的“填充效应”,而在2.04nm以上的孔的吸附中会出现毛细凝聚现象。通过模拟知道发生毛细凝聚的必要条件是孔内能至少容纳下两层粒子,此外还导出在恒定温度下毛细凝聚吸附量与SWNT孔径关系。本文还模拟了常温300K下甲烷在SWNT内的吸附,对比了2.04nm和4.077nm两种孔径的SWNT吸附甲烷的等温线,推荐在4.077nm孔中的适宜吸附存储压力为5.0～6.0MPa,吸附质量分数可达16%～19%.     

采用不同碳链长度的季铵盐型表面活性剂模板剂合成MCM-48分子筛

采用3种不同碳链长度的季铵盐型表面活性剂CnTAB(n=12、14、16),成功合成了具有不同孔径的MCM-48分子筛.XRD结果表明,所合成的分子筛均具有MCM-48的特征衍射峰,且结晶度良好;N2吸附-脱附实验表明,所得MCM-48的孔径实现了在1.86～2.6nm之间的调变,且其均有大于1200m2/g的比表面积.     

TiO2/Eu-MCM纳米超分子材料的组装和光催化性能

利用有机相-水相界面共沉淀溶胶支持自组装方法制备粒径为15nm、孔径为8nm的分子筛Eu—MCM,它拥有734m^2／g的比表面积和1．49cm^3／g的比孔容．把TiO2组装到Eu—MCM的孔道中,组装成TiO2／Eu—MCM纳米复合材料．XRD,RAMAN和选区电子衍射花样分析表明纳米复合材料中的TiO2为锐钛型．TiO2／Eu—MCM的发光表现为Eu^3 离子的特征光谱,激发峰分别为342(^5L10),358(^5L9),378(^5L7),390(^5L6),411(^5D3),462(^5D2)和524(^5D1)nm;发射峰为579,592,613,653和701nm,归属于^5D0→^7FJ(J=0,1,2,3,4)组态间的跃迁．纳米复合材料的发光强度都要比Eu—MCM的发光强,其中43％TiO2／Eu—MCM的发光最强．荧光和紫外漫反射结果表明客体TiO2对主体分子筛存在能量传递效应．在微弱的紫外灯光照射下,TiO2／Eu—MCM纳米复合材料对苯酚的光催化氧化性能和其发光强度具有一定的相关性．29％TiO2／Eu—MCM的纳米复合材料拥有的比表面积、孔容和孔径分别为204m^2／g．0．24cm^3／g和4．7nm．29％TiO2／Eu—MCM对苯酚具有68％的最高光催化氧化产率和85％催化氧化选择性．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.