PEG-Cl－添加剂存在下的铜电结晶过程研究

用线性电位扫描、循环伏安和计时安培电化学方法研究了聚乙二醇(PEG)和Cl^－同时存在时, 酸性镀铜溶液中Cu在玻碳电极(GCE)上的电结晶过程. 研究表明, PEG-Cl^－作用下Cu 的电结晶按瞬时成核和三维生长方式进行. PEG-Cl^－使电极表面的活性点急剧减少, 并降低了Cu^2＋的扩散系数, 阻化了Cu的电沉积和成核过程. PEG-Cl^－作用时, Cl^－离子仍然表现出较强的促进作用, 随Cl^－浓度的增大, Cu^2＋的扩散系数、Cu的沉积速度和成核速度都有所提高. 适宜的PEG, Cl^－浓度使成核数密度增大.     

一种双肟四核铜(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、结构及热稳定性研究

由螯合双肟配体3,3′-二甲氧基-2,2′-[(1,3-亚丙基)二氧双(氮次甲基)]二酚(H₂L)与四水合苦味酸铜作用,合成了一种新的四核铜(Ⅱ)配合物 [Cu₄L₂(pic)₄(H₂O)₂]·2CH₃COCH₃·2H₂O(pic^-=苦味酸根)。用X-射线单晶衍射仪测定了该配合物的晶体结构：配合物属单斜晶系,P2₁/c空间群,由4个Cu^Ⅱ离子,2个四齿的L2-单元,4个配位的苦味酸根(pic^-),2个配位的水分子,2个结晶的丙酮分子和2个结晶的水分子组成。Cu^Ⅱ离子的配位数为6,都具有稍微扭曲的八面体结构。且配合物分子通过分子间O-H…O氢键作用形成了1个二维超分子结构。     

预处理气氛对CuO/CeO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂表面性质及“NO+CO”反应性能的影响

用不同的预处理气氛制备了CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃载体以调节表面Ce的价态,并以Cu(CH₃COO)₂为前驱体制备了CuCeAl催化剂。XRD和H₂-TPR的结果表明在还原气氛下处理的CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃载体具有更多的活性氧原子,因此相应的CuCeAl催化剂表面有更多分散态的Cu²⁺/Cu⁺物种。NO+CO反应的结果表明分散态的Cu²⁺/Cu⁺是NO转化的活性物质,而Cu⁰在低温下具有较好的N₂选择性。因此,同时含有分散态Cu²⁺/Cu⁺和少量晶相Cu⁰的催化剂具有最好的催化性能。     

Cu的负载方法对CuSAPO-34脱除柴油车尾气中NOx的影响

采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、原子吸收、程序升温还原、X射线吸收近边吸收谱、X射线光电子能谱、氮吸附等手段对水热合成(HS)、等体积浸渍(PVI)与离子交换(IE)法制备的CuSAPO-34样品进行了表征,并评价了老化前后催化剂上C₃H₆-SCR与NH₃-SCR脱除模拟柴油车尾气中NO_x的反应活性.结果表明,IE法制得的催化剂活性最高,尤其在C₃H₆-SCR低温阶段;PVI法制得的催化剂活性最差.制备方法影响CuSAPO-34催化剂的比表面积、孔径分布和活性组分价态从而改变其催化活性.各催化剂均存在Cu⁺和Cu²⁺,但比例明显不同.HS样品以Cu²⁺为主,另两种样品则含较多的Cu⁺.老化不仅部分破坏了分子筛的形貌、降低了分子筛的比表面积,尤其是表面Cu含量,而且有部分Cu生成了CuSO₄,使得老化后催化剂的脱硝活性降低.PVI法制得的催化剂老化后活性下降幅度最小,表明该分子筛抗老化能力较强.     

玻璃基片上纳米碳管电极的集成

利用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法在玻璃孔穴中定位生长纳米碳管电极, 分析了负偏压对纳米碳管电极生长的影响. 该电极对铜离子的电化学检测性能分析结果表明, 所制备的纳米碳管电极具有良好的电化学检测性能, 位于－0.0100 V附近的铜离子的还原峰峰形良好, 其电流在铜离子浓度为0.01~0.30 mmol•L^-1时, 与Cu²⁺浓度呈良好的线性关系, 相关系数为0.9975, 且具有较好的长期稳定性和重现性.     

改性PTFE纤维金属配合物的制备及其光催化降解性能

使用聚丙烯酸接枝改性聚四氟乙烯(PAA-g-PTFE)纤维分别与Fe³⁺及其与Cu²⁺的混合物反应制备改性PTFE纤维铁和铁铜双金属配合物, 并分别使用傅里变换叶红外(FTIR)光谱和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射光谱(DRS)对两种配合物的化学结构和光吸收性能进行表征. 然后将两种配合物分别作为非均相光Fenton 反应催化剂应用于典型偶氮染料活性蓝222氧化降解反应中, 考察和比较了二者在不同pH介质中对降解反应的催化作用. 结果表明, 在有或无Cu²⁺的存在条件下, 一个Fe³⁺能够与三个PAA-g-PTFE表面的6个羧基发生反应形成配合物, 并且它们在紫外和可见光区表现出好的光吸收特性. 当两种金属离子共存时Cu²⁺比Fe³⁺更容易与PAA-g-PTFE发生配位反应形成铁铜双金属配合物. 在可见光辐射下PAA-g-PTFE铁配合物对不同pH水溶液中染料降解反应均表现出显著的催化作用, 但是溶液pH的升高不利于配合物催化活性的发挥. 而配合物中铁离子含量提高特别是引入Cu²⁺作为助金属离子能够较大幅度地改善其在高pH范围内的催化活性和重复利用性.     

Cu2+与烟草多酚氧化酶相互作用研究

本文通过酶活性测定，荧光光谱和紫外光谱研究了外加Cu²⁺与烟草多酚氧化酶(简称PPO)的相互作用。结果表明，微量铜的加入能增加酶的活性，[Cu²⁺]/[PPO]为0.20左右时酶活性最大，[Cu²⁺]/[PPO]为0.91时，Cu²⁺开始表现出对PPO活性的抑制;Cu²⁺对PPO内源荧光的猝灭机制属于形成络合物所引起的静态猝灭，猝灭常数K_sv为8.0375×10³L·mol^-1;Cu²⁺的加入使PPO蛋白质分子构象发生变化，α-螺旋含量增加，多肽链及Trp和Tyr残基的芳杂环进一步向分子内收缩，疏水基团之间的疏水作用增强。     

Cu2+和Cu+对原代培养的小鼠成骨细胞增殖、分化和钙化的影响

利用噻唑蓝(MTT)法、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)比活性测定、油红O染色和矿化结节染色及定量分析,研究了Cu²⁺和Cu⁺对原代培养的成骨细胞增殖、分化及钙化的影响。结果显示：Cu²⁺(1×10^-9~1×10^-6 mol·L^-1)促进成骨细胞增殖,随时间延长,促进作用变弱。Cu⁺(1×10^-7~1×10^-5 mol·L^-1)抑制成骨细胞增殖,随时间延长,浓度为1×10^-6 mol·L^-1的Cu⁺为促进作用,其余浓度则没有影响。对于成骨细胞分化,Cu²⁺和Cu⁺表现出相似的影响,浓度为1×10^-9和1×10^-6 mol·L^-1时均促进成骨细胞分化,而当浓度为1×10^-7和1×10^-5 mol·L^-1时,则抑制成骨细胞分化,随作用时间延长,大多数浓度均表现为促进作用。测试浓度下的Cu²⁺和Cu⁺均对成骨细胞向脂肪细胞的横向分化表现为促进效应。对矿化功能的影响,1×10^-5 mol·L^-1的Cu²⁺和Cu⁺表现出显著的抑制效应,但随浓度降低,抑制效应变弱。1×10^-7 mol·L^-1的Cu²⁺ 促进成骨细胞矿化结节的形成。结果提示：作用浓度、作用时间及铜离子的价态都是影响Cu²⁺和Cu⁺生物效应转变(从毒性到活性,从损伤到保护,从下调到上调)的关键因素。     

CuY制备方法对其催化甲醇氧化羰基化活性中心的影响

以Cu(NO₃)₂为铜源,以NaY和HY分子筛为载体,通过溶液离子交换法和等体积浸渍法制备了不同的无氯CuY催化剂,并进行了气相甲醇氧化羰基化催化活性研究。通过浸渍法制备的催化剂Cu含量为10%,而以NaY和铜氨溶液离子交换制备的催化剂Cu含量只有6.3%,但其催化活性和选择性均较好。通过催化剂的Cu元素分析、低温氮吸附-脱附、XRD、H₂-TPR、XPS和TPD等表征表明,溶液离子交换法制备的催化剂,Cu物种以离子的形式高度分散于分子筛骨架结构中,较好地保持了分子筛晶体结构,并对甲醇有较强的吸附能力,催化活性较高,而将等体积浸渍Cu(NO₃)₂溶液后的HY或NaY分子筛,在400 ℃焙烧过程中,发生了固体离子交换反应,形成了连接于分子筛骨架的Cu²⁺,但以HY为载体更容易进行固体离子交换,未交换的铜物种以CuO的形式分散到分子筛表面。在600 ℃高温活化中,催化剂中Cu²⁺可部分还原为活性物质Cu⁺,但以NaY和铜氨溶液离子交换制备的催化剂Cu²⁺自还原能力最大。     

MnWO4/生物质衍生碳纳米复合催化剂的制备及催化性能

通过共沉淀法合成了双金属氧化物MnWO₄镶嵌生物质衍生碳（MnWO₄/BC）纳米复合催化剂,并将其作为对电极（counter electrode,CE）催化剂组装了染料敏化太阳能电池（dye-sensitized solar cell,DSSC）,探究了MnWO₄/BC在非碘体系中的催化性能和光伏性能。结果表明：在铜氧化还原（Cu²⁺/Cu⁺）电对DSSC中获得的光电能量转换效率（power conversion efficiency,PCE）为3.57%（D35）和1.59%（Y123）,高于Pt电极的PCE（3.12%,1.16%）;50次连续循环伏安测试表明,MnWO₄/BC催化剂具有较好的电化学稳定性。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.