Ab initio方法研究~(40)Ca~(35)Cl分子的自旋轨道耦合效应和跃迁性质

本文研究了~(40)Ca~(35)Cl分子低态的自旋轨道耦合分裂以及获得更精确的光谱常数和更高的激发态.以从头算理论为基础,使用多参考组态相互作用方法获得了该分子的势能曲线和自旋轨道分裂,之后求解径向一维薛定谔方程获得光谱常数.得到了~(40)Ca~(35)Cl分子7个Λ-S低电子态的势能曲线和永久偶极矩,以及A~2Π→~2Σ~+,1~2Δ和C~2Π→~2Σ~+,1~2Δ跃迁的跃迁偶极矩,得到的光谱常数(不管是考虑了自旋轨道耦合(SOC)还是没有考虑SOC)与实验值非常符合,且要好于之前的理论计算结果 .值得注意的是,目前的计算还首次得到了C~2Π→~2Σ+,1~2Δ跃迁的跃迁性质,为之后实验观察~(40)Ca~(35)Cl分子的高激发态光谱和跃迁性质提供有益的理论参考.     

BH分子8个Λ-S态和23个Ω态光谱性质的理论研究

本文利用内收缩多参考组态相互作用方法计算了BH分子8个低电子态(X~1∑~+、a~3∏,A~1∏,b~3∑~-,2~3∏,1~3∑~+,1~5∏~-和1~5∏)和在自旋-轨道耦合效应下所产生的23个Ω态的势能曲线、以及X~1∑_0~+~+,a~3∏_0~+,a~3∏₁,a~3∏₂和A~1∏₁态之间6对跃迁的跃迁偶极矩.为了获得精确的势能曲线,计算中修正了单双电子激发、核价相关效应、相对论效应和基组截断带来的误差.获得的BH分子的光谱和跃迁数据与现有的理论值和实验值符合得很好.计算结果表明:BH分子的A~1∏₁(v’=0-2,J’=1,+)→X~1∑_0~+~+(v"=0-2,J"=1,-)跃迁具有较大的爱因斯坦A系数和加权的吸收振子强度、高度对角化分布的振动分支比,A~1∏₁态具有较短的辐射寿命.另外,a~3∏_0~+和a~3∏₁态对A~1∏₁(v’=0)...     

AlH分子10个Λ-S态和26个Ω态光谱性质的理论研究

在修正了各种误差(自旋-轨道耦合效应、标量相对论效应、核价相关效应及基组截断)的基础上,本文利用内收缩的多参考组态相互作用(icMRCI)+Q方法计算了AlH分子10个Λ-S态和26个Ω态的势能曲线.利用包含自旋-轨道耦合效应的icMRCI/AV6Z~*理论计算了X¹∑_((0⁺)⁺),a³Π_0⁺,a³Π₁,a³Π₂和A¹Π₁态之间的跃迁偶极矩.计算得到的光谱常数和跃迁数据与现有的实验值符合很好.研究发现:1)A¹Π₁-X¹∑_((0⁺)⁺)(0,0),(0,1),(0,2),(1,0),(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(1,4)和(1,5)带Q(J")支的跃迁比较强,随着J"的增大,Δv=0带的爱因斯坦A系数和振...     

SiCl自由基X2Π和A2Σ+态的光谱性质

采用内收缩多参考组态相互作用(ic MRCI)方法结合Dunning等相关一致基,计算Si Cl自由基X²Π和A²Σ⁺态的势能曲线.讨论参考能和相关能外推对X²Π和A²Σ⁺态光谱的影响.对势能进行相对论修正及核价修正计算.拟合势能曲线得到X²Π和A²Σ⁺态的光谱常数.它们与实验结果一致.利用Breit-Pauli算符,计算旋轨耦合效应,得到X²Π_1/2和X²Π_3/2的势能曲线、并计算它们的光谱常数.求解双原子分子核运动的径向SchrÖdinger方程,获得无转动SiCl自由基2个Λ-S态及X²Π态的耦合分裂态的全部振动态.得到J=0时X²Π态的自旋-轨道耦合常数、较高振动态的惯性转动常数以及X²Π_1/2和X²Π_3/2的振动能级等分子常数.     

三乙胺分子构象与红外光谱的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论B3LYP的方法,在6-311++G(d,p)基组水平上沿二面角φ₁(C9N1C2C5)和φ₂(C16N1C9C12)构成的二维坐标下扫描了–180°—180°范围内构象异构化势能面,甄别出12种三乙胺基态异构体.进一步辅以二阶微扰理论MP2的方法,在相同基组水平下计算与优化6种能量较低的构象异构体的结构与能量.结果表明具有C3对称性的G1与G1’是最稳定构象,并识别出两种具有新的甲基取向的G4与G4’构象异构体.另外,通过G1—G4红外光谱与振动模式的比较,分析了它们之间的相似性与差异性.G1—G4的红外谱线显示在0—1600 cm^–1范围内的强度较弱,而在2800—3300 cm^–1范围内的强度较强,标定出伞状振动与C—H伸缩振动等特征振动模,不同构象所引起的红外谱峰的平均移动量小于20 cm^–1.     

飞机红外光谱辐射特性的多光谱测量

飞机机体及其羽流的红外光谱辐射特性,可以为探测、跟踪系统的谱段选择提供依据。准确的光谱辐射特性有利于提高系统探测和跟踪的能力。对飞机的红外辐射光谱特性进行了外场测量研究。建立和分析了辐射传输模型,设计了一个多谱段、滤光片分光的中波红外多光谱成像仪,采用了640pixel×512pixel的中波面阵探测器,响应波长范围覆盖3.7~4.8μm,并对其噪声性能进行了评估。实际选取了民航飞机进行实验测量,获取了机体及羽流在4个谱段上的光谱辐射特性。与传统的方法相比,获得了更真实的飞机红外辐射光谱特性。     

丝蛋白分子的红外光谱研究

本文记录并研究了桑蚕丝、柞蚕丝、天蚕丝和天柞杂交蚕丝等几类共42种蚕丝样品的红外光谱,确定了柞丝类和桑丝类两大类蚕丝样品在红外光谱方面的差别。从而为鉴别蚕丝样品的种类建立起一种简便易行的方法。通过对各类样品的红外光谱数据处理,计算了某些谱带的相对强度比,获得了一些半定量的规律性结果。     

红外光谱与拉曼光谱产生机理的比较——双原子分子的情形

红外光谱和拉曼光谱是分子光谱学的重要组成部分.在通常情况下,用谐振子与刚性转子可以很好地解释双原子分子红外光谱与拉曼光谱的主要轮廓.用非谐振子、非刚性转子、振动转子或转动振子、对称陀螺可以给出双原子分子红外光谱和拉曼光谱的精线结构.然而,由于双原子分子的这两种光谱的选择定则一部分相同,一部分很相似,因此,许多教科书中都同步介绍两种光谱的产生过程,这样,对初学者来说自然地把注意力集中在两种光谱的产生过程中,往往忽视了两种光谱在产生机理上的不同和各自所具有的特殊性质.本文拟通过对两种光谱主要轮廓的分析和比较(略去推导过程),找寻两者在产生机理上的本质区别和各自的特殊性质,为初学者学习和掌握这两种光谱的特征提供一点帮助.     

糠醛分子的拉曼光谱与红外光谱研究

本文报道了糠醛分子的正常拉曼谱(NRS)和红外吸收光谱(IRS),同时我们运用DFT(density functional theory,密度泛函理论)计算了FUR(Furfural)分子的振动光谱。理论结果很好的符合了实验数值。通过理论和实验数据的比较分析,对糠醛分子的特征振动模式进行了归属。     

高温目标短波红外光谱辐射亮度方向效应研究

为探究高温目标短波红外波段(1300～2500 nm)光谱辐射亮度是否具有方向效应,及光谱辐射亮度与辐射天顶角的关系,以500℃石墨与金属板(304不锈钢)为高温目标,设计了暗室条件下高温目标0°～70°辐射天顶角光谱辐射亮度测量实验。利用方差分析研究短波红外波段辐射亮度是否具有方向效应,采用最小二乘法,对高温目标的方向光谱辐射亮度进行拟合,进而探究其变化规律。实验结果显示:在显著性水平α=0.01的条件下,石墨板与金属板在不同辐射天顶角的光谱辐射亮度均存在显著差异;采用最小二乘法,使用指数函数对高温目标的方向光谱辐射亮度进行拟合,拟合精度均大于0.95。研究表明:金属板较石墨板具有更显著的方向效应;石墨光谱辐射亮度方向效应不随波长的变化而变化,金属板光谱辐射亮度方向效应受波长的影响;两种材质的方向光谱辐射亮度与辐射天顶角(0°～70°)均呈指数关系。     

Ab initio MRCI+Q study on the low-lying excited states of the PBr radical including spin–orbit coupling†

High-level ab initio calculations have been performed on the PBr radical by using multi-reference configuration interaction method plus Davidson correction (+Q) with correlation-consistent quadruple-ζ quality basis set. The potential energy curves (PECs) of the 22 Λ–S states of PBr have been obtained, most of which are reported for the first time. From the PECs of the bound states, the spectroscopic constants have been determined, in good agreement with the experimental results where available. Due to the large state density, there exhibits complicated interactions in the electronic excited states of PBr. The possible interactions by the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) effect have been discussed based on the evaluated R-dependent spin–orbit matrix elements. The 51 Ω states, generating from the 22 Λ–S states after taking SOC into account, have been computed. The Λ–S component analysis of the wavefunctions for the Ω states indicates the strong interaction of the Λ–S states especially at the avoided crossing points and near the dissociation limits. Finally, the transition dipole moments of several transitions arising from upper Ω states to the X₁0⁺ and X₂1 states and the corresponding radiative lifetimes have been studied. Our calculation results provide new information that should be valuable for further experimental studies on the electronic excited states of the PBr radical.     

POX(X=1,2)的光谱常数与从头算势能曲线

采用从头算的多种方法对PO、PO₂自由基的基态结构进行优化计算,结果表明：使用密度泛函（DFT）方法计算的结果最接近实验值.对PO双原子分子优选6-311G（3df）基组进行计算、扫描并拟合.对PO₂三原子分子优选出6-311+G（3df）方法计算结构参数、谐振频率、离解能及力常数,借助多体项展式理论导出PO₂自由基的势能函数并绘制等值势能图.发现：PO₂自由基的对称伸缩振动和旋转势能图中,在O+PO→OPO反应通道上都有鞍点出现,O原子需要越过0.55 eV的能量才能生成稳定的PO₂自由基.要形成PO₂自由基只能通过两等价的通道越过势垒才能形成.     

Ab initio MRCI＋Q study on potential energy curves and spectroscopic parameters of low-lying electronic states of CS＋

Carbon monosulfide molecular ion （CS＋）, which plays an important role in various research fields, has long been attracting much interest. Because of the unstable and transient nature of CS＋, its electronic states have not been well investigated. In this paper, the electronic states of CS＋ are studied by employing the internally contracted multireference configuration interaction method, and taking into account relativistic effects （scalar plus spin–orbit coupling）. The spin–orbit coupling effects are considered via the state-interacting method with the full Breit–Pauli Hamiltonian. The potential energy curves of 18 Λ–S states correlated with the two lowest dissociation limits of CS＋ molecular ion are calculated, and those of 10 lowest Ω states generated from the 6 lowest Λ–S states are also worked out. The spectroscopic constants of the bound states are evaluated, and they are in good agreement with available experimental results and theoretical values. With the aid of analysis of Λ–S composition of Ω states at different bond lengths, the avoided crossing phenomena in the electronic states of CS＋ are illuminated. Finally, the single ionization spectra of CS （X1Σ＋） populating the CS＋（X2Σ1/2＋, A2Π3/2, A2Π1/2, and B2Σ1/2＋） states are simulated. The vertical ionization potentials for X2Σ1/2＋, A2Π3/2, A2Π1/2, and B2Σ1/2＋ states are calculated to be 11.257, 12.787, 12.827, and 15.860 eV, respectively, which are accurate compared with previous experimental results, within an error margin of 0.08 eV~0.2 eV.     

表面粗糙样品的太赫兹光谱参数提取方法研究

很多物质在太赫兹波段内的光谱参数具有指纹特征,这是太赫兹技术在安检等众多领域有所应用的基础.但是,目前常用的太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)技术提取物质光学参数的Duvillaret算法,要求样品上下表面平行且充分光滑.然而在很多有潜力的实际应用场合中,尤其是对于固体样品,表面粗糙度不可避免,并且不能使用模具压片等实验...     

SeOx(x=1,2)的从头算势能曲线和光谱常数

采用从头算的多种方法和基组优化计算SeO_x(x=1,2)自由基的基态结构、谐振频率及离解能,优选出QCISD(T)/6-311+G(2df)、B3LYP/6-311G(3d2f)方法分别对SeO、SeO₂自由基进行计算,计算结果与实验结果吻合很好.对SeO自由基拟合出Murrell-Sorbie势能函数参数,计算出SeO自由基的光谱常数和力常数.计算出SeO₂自由基力常数,导出SeO₂自由基的多体展式势能函数,发现SeO₂自由基对称伸缩振动势能图中在对称的O+SeO→SeO₂反应通道上有一鞍点,其活化能约为48.24 kJ·mol^-1,O原子需要越过0.5 eV的能垒才能生成SeO₂的稳定结构.     

Forensic Applications of IR Spectral Data at Macro and Micro Levels: A Study on Plastic Packages

Plastic packaging is one of the most commonly used methods among illicit heroin packers. Distribution starting from the manufacturer to the end users may involve replacement of larger plastic bags with smaller packets as the mass of heroin is divided into smaller portions for street sales. Conventionally, polymeric compositions of these materials are often used qualitatively to distinguish between the types of plastic packets the drug distributors tend to use. In addition, spectral differences when statistically manipulated can also help further differentiate the plastic packets of a particular type. In this study, the IR technique has identified five polymeric types at the macro level from 311 heroin cases involving the use of plastic packages. The most frequently encountered Type 1-Polypropylene-based plastic packets were further distinguished at the micro level by principal component analysis after IR data pretreatment. Possible forensic interpretations about the packers involved in heroin cases were also outlined based on the findings obtained at the two levels. Using IR technique alone is the preliminary step in forensic profiling. Further analysis of other aspects associated with these packages is required for more precise intelligence work.     

从头计算研究BCl+基态和激发态的势能曲线和光谱性质

基于相关一致极化4zeta(aug-cc-pVQZ)基组, 应用量子化学从头计算中高水平的多参考组态相互作用方法计算了BCl⁺ 两个离解极限B⁺(¹S_g)+Cl(²P_u)和B (²P_u)+Cl⁺ (³P_g)的14个Λ-S态势能曲线. 在计算中考虑了Davidson修正(+Q)和标量相对论效应, 并首次在计算中考虑了BCl⁺ 的旋轨耦合效应, 获得了由能量最低的4个Λ-S态分裂出的7个Ω 态. 计算结果表明相同对称性的Ω 态的势能曲线存在着非常明显的避免交叉. 通过分析Λ-S态的电子结构, 得到了各态的电子跃迁特性, 并确认了电子态的多组态性质. 使用LEVEL程序通过求解径向的Schrödinger方程得到了束缚Λ-S 和Ω态的光谱参数D_e, R_e, T_e, ω_e, ω_eχ_e和B_e. 通过和已有的Λ-S态X²∑⁺ 的实验数据进行对比发现, 本文所得的计算结果与实验结果非常一致. 而文中其他电子态的光谱参数均为首次报道. 关键词： 势能曲线 光谱参数 多参考组态相互作用方法 旋轨耦合     

Accurate theoretical spectroscopic investigations of the 20 Λ-S and 58 Ω states of O2+ cation including the spin–orbit coupling effect

The potential energy curves (PECs) are calculated for the 20 Λ-S states (X²Π_g, A²Π_u, B²Σ^?_g, a⁴Π_u, b⁴Σ^?_g, b′⁴Π_g, c⁴Σ^?_u, 1²Σ⁺_g, 1²Σ⁺_u, 1²Σ^?_u, 1⁴Σ⁺_g, 1⁴Σ⁺_u, 1⁴Δ_g, 1⁴Δ_u, 1⁶Σ⁺_g, 1⁶Σ⁺_u, 1⁶Π_g, 1⁶Π_u, 2⁴Π_g and 2⁴Π_u) of O₂⁺ cation and their corresponding 58 Ω states. Of these 20 Λ-S states, the 1⁶Π_u state is found to be repulsive. The 1²Σ⁺_g, 1⁴Σ⁺_u, c⁴Σ^?_u and 1⁴Δ_u states are found to possess the double well. The b⁴Σ^?_g, 1⁶Σ⁺_g, 1⁴Σ⁺_u, a⁴Π_u, A²Π_u, 1⁶Π_g and 2⁴Π_g states are found to be inverted with the spin–orbit coupling effect included. The b′⁴Π_g, 1⁶Π_g, 1⁶Σ⁺_g, 1⁴Σ⁺_u and 1⁴Δ_u states, and the second well of the 1²Σ⁺_g state are found to be the weakly bound states. The b′⁴Π_g state is found to possess one well with one barrier. The PECs are calculated by the complete active space self-consistent field method, which is followed by the internally contracted multireference configuration interaction approach with the Davidson correction in combination with the aug-cc-pV6Z basis set. The core–valence correlation and scalar relativistic corrections are included. The convergent behaviour of present calculations is discussed with respect to the basis set and theoretical level. The spin–orbit coupling effect is accounted for. The PECs are extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. The spectroscopic parameters are evaluated, and compared with available measurements. It demonstrates that the spectroscopic parameters reported here can be expected to be reliably predicted ones.     

Theoretical studies on 14 Λ-S and 30 Ω states of BeBr molecule: potential energy curves,spectroscopic parameters and spin–orbit couplings

Using the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method followed by the internally contracted multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI) approach in combination with the correlation-consistent basis sets, this paper studies the potential energy curves of X²Σ⁺, 2²Σ⁺, 3²Σ⁺, 1²Σ^?, A²Π, 2²Π, 3²Π, 1²Δ, 1⁴Σ⁺, 2⁴Σ⁺, 1⁴Σ^?, 1⁴Π, 2⁴Π and 1⁴Δ Λ-S states of BeBr molecule and the corresponding 30 Ω states for the first time. All the Λ-S states correlate to the first two dissociation channels, Be(¹S_g) + Br(²P_u) and Be(³P_u) + Br(²P_u), of BeBr molecule. Of these Λ-S states, the 3²Π and 2⁴Π are found to be repulsive without the spin–orbit coupling, whereas 1⁴Π, 2⁴Π, 3²Π and 2⁴Σ⁺ are found to be repulsive with the spin–orbit coupling included. A²Π and 2²Σ⁺ possess the double well whether the spin–orbit coupling effect is included or not. Only 1⁴Σ⁺, 1⁴Σ^?, 1²Π and 2²Π are found to be the inverted Λ-S states. The spin–orbit coupling is accounted for by the state interaction approach with Breit–Pauli Hamiltonian using the all-electron cc-pCVTZ basis set. The potential energy curves determined by the internally contracted MRCI method are corrected for size-extensivity errors by means of the Davidson correction. Core–valence correlation correction is calculated with a cc-pCVTZ basis set. Scalar relativistic correction is included using the third-order Douglas–Kroll Hamiltonian approximation at the level of cc-pVTZ basis set. The spectroscopic parameters of all the Λ-S and Ω bound states are evaluated. The spectroscopic parameters are compared with those reported in the literature. Fair agreement is found between the present results and available measurements. In particular, the energy splitting of 204.43 cm^?1 in the A²Π Λ-S state agrees well with the measurements of 201 cm^?1. Analyses demonstrate that the spectroscopic parameters reported here can be expected to be reliably predicted ones.