Magnetic interactions in a new heterospin complex involving nitroxide radical and oxamido-bridged copper(II)

A new binuclear copper(II) complex [Cu₂(oxpn)(IM2py)₂](ClO₄)₂, containing four spin carriers with pyridyl-substituted nitroxide radicals has been synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically (oxpn?=?N,N′-bis(3-aminopropyl)oxamido, IM2py?=?2-(2′-pyridyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl). The structure of the complex consists of centrosymmetric trans oxamido-bridged copper(II) binuclear units and nitroxide radicals. The coordination geometry around each copper atom is distorted square pyramidal and the apical position is occupied by a nitrogen atom of the imidazoline ring of a radical ligand. Magnetic analysis indicates that the complex exhibits strong antiferromagnetic coupling between copper(II) ions through the oxamido bridge and a ferromagnetic interaction between copper(II) ions and radical ligands. The magnetic behaviour is discussed with reference to the crystal structure.     

Magnetic interactions in a series of paramagnetic Ln(III) complexes with a chelated imino nitroxide radical

The magnetic interactions in a new series of isostructural imino nitroxide radical lanthanide(III) complexes, [Ln(hfac)₃(IM2py)] (Ln = Gd–Yb: IM2py = 2-(2′-pyridyl)-4,5-dihydro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1H-imidazoline-1-oxy; hfac = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione), are examined by considering the intrinsic paramagnetic contribution of the Ln(III) ion from the corresponding [Ln(hfac)₃(pybzim)] with a diamagnetic pybzim(2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole) ligand; the Ln(III)–IM2py interaction being antiferromagnetic for the 4f⁷ to 4f¹³ Ln(III) complexes and negligibly small for the other complexes. This series is the first example reverse to the previous cases for the series of Ln–Cu or Ln–aminoxyl(NIT) radical (4,5-dihydro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1H-imidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxy) complexes, other than only a few examples of semiquinone Ln complexes. This reverse nature of the magnetic interaction, as compared with the NIT complexes, validates the empirical approach by O. Kahn et al. [Inorg. Chem. 38 (1999) 3692; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 3413] in the spin-coupled systems for a series of Ln(III) complexes.     

Fe(bpym)(CN)4]-: a new building block for designing single-chain magnets

We herein present the preparation, crystal structure, magnetic properties, and theoretical study of new heterobimetallic chains of formula {[Fe(III)(bpym)(CN4)]2M(II)(H2O)2}.6H2O [bpym = 2,2'-bipyrimidine; M = Zn (2), Co (3), Cu (4), and Mn (5)] which are obtained by using the building block PPh4[Fe(bpym)(CN)4].H2O (1) (PPh4+= tetraphenylphosphonium) as a ligand toward the fully solvated MII ions. The structure of complex 1 contains mononuclear [Fe(bpym)(CN)4]- anions. Compounds 2-5 are isostructural 4,2-ribbonlike bimetallic chains where the [Fe(bpym)(CN)4]- unit acts as a bis-monodenate ligand through two of its four cyanide ligands toward the M atom. Water hexamer clusters (4) and regular alternating fused six- and four-membered water rings with two dangling water molecules (2, 3, and 5) are trapped between the cyanide-bridged 4,2-ribbonlike chains. 1 and 2 behave as magnetically isolated low-spin iron(III) centers. 3 behaves as a single-chain magnet (SCM) with intrachain ferromagnetic coupling, slow magnetic relaxation, hysteresis effects, and frequency-dependent ac signals at T < 7 K). As expected for a thermally activated process, the nucleation field (Hn) in 3 increases with decreasing T and increasing v. Below 1.0 K, Hn becomes temperature independent but remains strongly sweep rate dependent. In this temperature range, the reversal of the magnetization may be induced by a quantum nucleation of a domain wall that then propagates due to the applied field. 4 and 5 are ferro- and ferrimagnetic chains respectively, with metamagnetic-like behavior (4). DFT-type calculations and QMC methodology provided a good understanding of the magnetic properties of 3-5.     

Single-molecule magnetic behavior in a neutral terbium(III) complex of a picolinate-based nitronyl nitroxide free radical

The terdentate anionic picolinate-based nitronyl nitroxide (picNN) free radical forms neutral and robust homoleptic complexes with rare earth-metal ions. The nonacoordinated Tb(3+) complex Tb(picNN)(3)·6H(2)O is a single-molecule magnet with an activation energy barrier Δ = 22.8 ± 0.5 K and preexponential factor τ(0) = (5.5 ± 1.1) × 10(-9) s. It shows magnetic hysteresis below 1 K.     

Correspondence of Ru(III) Ru(II) and Ru(IV) Ru(III) mixed valent states in a small dinuclear complex

The diruthenium(III) compound [(μ-oxa){Ru(acac)(2)}(2)] [1, oxa(2-) =oxamidato(2-), acac(-) =2,4-pentanedionato] exhibits an S=1 ground state with antiferromagnetic spin-spin coupling (J=-40 cm(-1)). The molecular structure in the crystal of 1?2 C(7)H(8) revealed an intramolecular metal-metal distance of 5.433 ? and a notable asymmetry within the bridging ligand. Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry (EPR, UV/Vis/NIR) of the two-step reduction and of the two-step oxidation (irreversible second step) produced monocation and monoanion intermediates (K(c) =10(5.9)) with broad NIR absorption bands (ε ca. 2000 M(-1)cm(-1)) and maxima at 1800 (1(-)) and 1500 nm (1(+)). TD-DFT calculations support a Ru(III)Ru(II) formulation for 1(-) with a doublet ground state. The 1(+) ion (Ru(IV)Ru(III)) was calculated with an S=3/2 ground state and the doublet state higher in energy (ΔE=694.6 cm(-1)). The Mulliken spin density calculations showed little participation of the ligand bridge in the spin accommodation for all paramagnetic species [(μ-oxa){Ru(acac)(2)}(2)](n), n=+1, 0, -1, and, accordingly, the NIR absorptions were identified as metal-to-metal (intervalence) charge transfers. Whereas only one such NIR band was observed for the Ru(III)Ru(II) (4d(5)/4d(6)) system 1(-), the Ru(IV)Ru(III) (4d(4)/4d(5)) form 1(+) exhibited extended absorbance over the UV/Vis/NIR range.     

Ferromagnetic 2p-2p and 4f-2p Couplings in a Macrocycle from Two Biradicals and Two Gadolinium(III) Ions

A new ground triplet biradical 2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl-3,5-diyl bis(tert-butyl nitroxide) (iPr₃BPBN) was prepared and characterized by means of room-temperature ESR spectroscopy displaying a zero-field splitting pattern together with a half-field signal. Complex formation with gadolinium(III) 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoropentane-2,4-dionate (hfac) afforded a macrocycle [{Gd(hfac)₃(μ-iPr₃BPBN)}₂]. As the X-ray crystallographic analysis clarified, the biradical serves as a bridging ligand, giving a 16-membered ring, where each nitroxide radical oxygen atom is directly bonded to a Gd³⁺ ion. The magnetic study revealed that the iPr₃BPBN bridge behaved as a practically triplet biradical and that the Gd³⁺-radical magnetic coupling was weakly ferromagnetic. The exchange parameters were estimated as 2j_rad-rad/k_B > 300 K and 2J_Gd-rad/k_B = 1.2 K in the H = −2J S₁•S₂ convention. The DFT calculation based on the atomic coordinates clarified the ground triplet nature in metal-free iPr₃BPBN and the enhanced triplet character upon coordination. The calculation also suggests that ferromagnetic coupling would be favorable when the Gd-O-N-C(sp²) torsion comes around 100°. The present results are compatible with the proposed magneto-structure relationship on the nitroxide-Gd compounds.     

New tricyanoiron(III) building blocks for the construction of molecule-based magnets

A series of tricyanoiron(III) complexes with the general formula mer-[Fe^III(5-Xsap)(CN)₃]^2? (X = H, Me, MeO, Cl or Br, sapH₂ = N-salicylidene-o-aminophenol) have been synthesized. These complexes were characterized by IR, ESI-MS, UV/Vis, elemental analysis and magnetic measurements. The structures of (PPh₄)₂[Fe^III(sap)(CN)₃] and (PPh₄)₂[Fe^III(5-Mesap)(CN)₃] have been determined by X-ray crystallography. These low-spin d ⁵ tricyanoiron(III) complexes are potential building blocks for the construction of molecule-based magnets.     

Diruthenium tetraacetate monocation, [RuII/III2(O2CMe)4]+, building blocks for 3-D molecule-based magnets

Diruthenium tetracarboxylates monocations are utilized as building blocks for cubic 3-D network structured molecule-based magnets. [Ru(II/III)(2)(O(2)CMe)(4)](3)[M(III)(CN)(6)] [M = Cr (1a), Fe (2), Co (3)] were prepared in aqueous solution. Powder X-ray diffraction indicates that they have body-centered cubic structures (space group = Imm, a = 13.34, 13.30, and 13.10 A for 1a, 2, and 3, respectively), which was confirmed for 1a by Reitveld analysis of the synchrotron powder data [a = 13.3756(5) A]. [Ru(2)(O(2)CMe)(4)](3)[M(III)(CN)(6)].xMeCN [M = Cr, x = 1.8 (1b); M = Mn, x = 3.3 (4)] were prepared from acetonitrile. The magnetic ordering of 1a (33 K), 1b (34.5 K), 2 (2.1 K), and 4 (9.6 K) was determined from the temperature dependencies of the in-phase (chi') alternating current (AC) susceptibility. The field dependence of the magnetization, M(H), at 2 K for 1a showed an unusual constricted hysteresis loop with a coercive field, H(cr), of 470 Oe while the M(H) data for 1b, 2, and 4 showed a normal hysteresis loop with a coercive field of 1670, 10, and 990 Oe, respectively. The (57)Fe M?ssbauer spectrum of 2 is consistent with the presence of low spin Fe(III) (delta = -0.05 mm/s; DeltaE = 0.33 mm/s) at room temperature, and the onset of 3-D magnetic ordering at lower temperature (<2 K). The effects of M(III) in [M(III)(CN)(6)](3-), and the large zero-field splitting (D) of diruthenium tetracarboxylates are discussed. The increasing critical temperatures T(c), with increasing S could not be accounted for by mean field models without significantly different J values for 1a, 4, and 2. By fitting the T(c) data with mean field models [H = -2JS(Ru).(S(M) - micro(B)(g(Ru)S(Ru) + g(M)S(M))H], J/k(B) are 4.46, 1.90, and 0.70 K for 1a, 4, and 2, respectively.     

Synthesis and characterization of a dinuclear (Hedta)Ru(III) complex

A ruthenium(III) complex containing ethylenediaminetetraacetate (edta), [{Ru(Hedta)}₂(Pyz)]?·?8H₂O (1) (Pyz?=?pyrazine), has been synthesized by the reaction between K[Ru(Hedta)Cl]?·?1.5H₂O and pyrazine. The structure of the complex was determined by single X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1 with a?=?7.293(9)?Å, b?=?10.575(14)?Å, c?=?12.742(16)?Å, α?=?104.044(19)°, β?=?91.893(19)°, γ?=?93.35(2)°, Z?=?1. The product was also characterized by IR, UV-Vis, EPR spectrum and magnetic techniques.     

Syntheses,crystal engineering,and magnetic property of a dicyanamide bridged three-dimensional manganese(II)-nitronyl nitroxide coordination polymer derived from a new radical

Syntheses, structural characterization, crystal engineering, and variable-temperature magnetic study at fixed field strength of a novel dicyanamide bridged three-dimensional manganese(II)-nitronyl nitroxide compound, [Mn(II)(NIT-tz)(dca)(2)] (1), (NIT-tz = 2-(2-thiazole)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazolyl-1-oxy-3-oxide, a new Ullman type radical) have been described. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2(1)2(1)2(1) space group with the following unit cell parameters: a = 11.015(2) A, b = 12.6134(14) A, c = 13.7652(9) A, and Z = 4. In this complex, the radical behaves as a bidentate chelating ligand, while four single end-to-end dicyanamide (dca) units construct the three-dimensional structure. Inside the structure, there exist diamond-shaped channels, spiral networks, and helical chains. Variable-temperature (5-300 K, 1 T) magnetic susceptibility data reveal the existence of antiferromagnetic interaction in this molecule. The magnetic behavior is explained by considering the exchange-coupled manganese(II)-radical system, which is subjected to the Mn(II)-dca-Mn(II) intermolecular interactions (H = -2JS(1).S(2) - 2zJ'S). The least-squares fitting of the data results J = -73 cm(-)(1), g = 1.99, and J' = -0.17 cm(-)(1) (z = 4).     

Pyridine analogues of the antimetastatic Ru(III) complex NAMI-A targeting non-covalent interactions with albumin

A series of pyridine-based derivatives of the antimetastatic Ru(III) complex imidazolium [trans-RuCl(4)(1H-imidazole)(DMSO-S)] (NAMI-A) have been synthesized along with their sodium-ion compensated analogues. These compounds have been characterized by X-ray crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), NMR, and electrochemistry, with the goal of probing their noncovalent interactions with human serum albumin (hsA). EPR studies show that the choice of imidazolium ligands and compensating ions does not strongly influence the rates of ligand exchange processes in aqueous buffer solutions. By contrast, the rate of formation and persistence of interactions of the complexes with hsA is found to be strongly dependent on the properties of the axial ligands. The stability of noncovalent binding is shown to correlate with the anticipated ability of the various pyridine ligands to interact with the hydrophobic binding domains of hsA. These interactions prevent the oligomerization of the complexes in solution and limit the rate of covalent binding to albumin amino acid side chains. Electrochemical studies demonstrate relatively high reduction potentials for these complexes, leading to the formation of Ru(II) species in aqueous solutions containing biological reducing agents, such as ascorbate. However, EPR measurements indicate that while noncovalent interactions with hsA do not prevent reduction, covalent binding produces persistent mononuclear Ru(III) species under these conditions.     

Novel luminescent hexanuclear platinum(II) alkynyl complex: molecular lego from a face-to-face dinuclear platinum(II) building block

A novel luminescent hexanuclear platinum(II) complex, [Pt(2)(mu-dppm)(2)(C[triple bond]CC(5)H(4)N)(4)[Pt(trpy)](4)](CF(3)SO(3))(8) (trpy = 2,2':6',2'-terpyridine), was successfully synthesized by using the face-to-face dinuclear platinum(II) ethynylpyridine complex [Pt(2)(mu-dppm)(2)(C[triple bond]CC(5)H(4)N)(4)] as the building block.     

Dual molecular light switches for pH and DNA based on a novel Ru(II) complex. A non-intercalating Ru(II) complex for DNA molecular light switch

A new Ru(II) complex of [Ru(phen)(2)(Hcdpq)](ClO(4))(2) {phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, Hcdpq = 2-carboxyldipyrido[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline} was synthesized and characterized. The spectrophotometric pH and calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) titrations showed that the complex acted as a dual molecular light switch for pH and ct-DNA with emission enhancement factors of 17 and 26, respectively. It was shown to be capable of distinguishing ct-DNA from yeast RNA with this binding selectivity being superior to two well-known DNA molecular light switches of [Ru(bpy)(2)(dppz)](2+) {bpy =2,2'-bipyridine, and dppz = dipyrido-[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine}and ethidium bromide. The complex bond to ct-DNA probably in groove mode with a binding constant of (4.67 ± 0.06) × 10(3) M(-1) in 5 mM Tris-HCl, 50 mM NaCl (pH = 7.10) buffer solution, as evidenced by UV-visible absorption and luminescence titrations, the dependence of DNA binding constants on NaCl concentrations, DNA competitive binding with ethidium bromide, and emission lifetime and viscosity measurements. To get insight into the light-switch mechanism, theoretical calculations were also performed by applying density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT.     

Crystal structure of a dimeric nickel(II) complex with 3-imidazoline nitroxide radical

The crystal structure of an unusual dimeric Ni(II) complex with 3-imidazoline nitroxide LH=C₉H₁₄N₂O₂ of the formula Ni₂(LH)₄ has been determined. The structure is molecular, space group P2₁/c, with a=12.150(3) Å, b=11.229(3) Å, c=15.780(4) Å, =101.59(3)^o, and d _calc =1.54 g/cm³, for Z=2; V=2109(1) ų, R=0.059. In the centrosymmetric dimer, the Ni...Ni distance is 3.254(2) Å; the coordination polyhedron of Ni is a square pyramid (the coordination number is 5) formed by the donor O and N atoms of LH ligands acting as the bidentate-cyclic and bidentate bridged-cyclic structures. The Ni–O and Ni–N distances are 1.989(7) and 2.032(8) Å, respectively (for the atoms forming the pyramid base), and 2.000(8) Å to the apical N atom. The Ni atom is displaced from the base to the apex of the pyramid by 0.35 Å. The interatomic distances and the bond angles in the ligands agree with those for the previously studied M(LR)₂ complexes. The distances between the Ni(II) ions and the O O atoms inside the Ni(LH)₂ fragments are 5.39(1) and 5.45(1) Å, the intermolecular Ni...O distances exceed 6 Å, and the O...O distances are as long as 4.73(1) Å.Institute of Inorgamic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated fromZhurnal Stukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 80–85, May–June 1993.Translated by T. Yudanova     

Ferromagnetic ordering of Fe(III) d spins of FeBr4- ions in (ethylenedithiotetrathiafulvalenothioquinone-ethylenedithio-1,3-dithiolemethide) x FeBr4

The 1:1 salt of a new donor molecule, ethylenedithiotetrathiafulvalenothioquinone-ethylenedithio-1,3-dithiolemethide (1), with FeBr4- ion, 1 x FeBr4, was prepared and found to exhibit a room-temperature electrical conductivity of 4 x 10(-2) S cm(-1) and semiconducting behavior with an activation energy of 170 meV. The paramagnetic susceptibility obeyed the Curie-Weiss law with a Curie constant of 4.42 emu K mol(-1) and a Weiss temperature of +3.4 K, and below 15 K, this short-range ferromagnetic interaction increasingly extended to two- and/or three-dimensional interactions, eventually giving rise to a ferromagnetic ordering, whose temperature (TC) was determined to be 1.8 +/- 0.2 K using a resonant circuit method. The magnetic field dependence of magnetization showed that the saturation of magnetization was accomplished at ca. 60 kOe and the saturated value was ca. 5 microB, which is very close to the value obtained only due to Fe(III) (S = 5/2) d spins of one FeBr4- ion.     

Two-color luminescence from a tetranuclear Ir(III)/Ru(II) complex

A new tetranuclear compound containing Ru(II) and Ir(III) polypyridine subunits exhibits two independent emissions at room temperature, as a consequence of weak interchromophoric coupling; in contrast, at 77 K energy transfer from Ir-based chromophores to the Ru-based ones is quantitative.     

Paramagnetic probe for molecular interactions: I. EPR and electronic absorption studies of lithium cation solvation by a nitroxide radical

The 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine nitroxide radical (TMPN) was studied by EPR and electronic absorption spectroscopy in LiClO₄ solutions in various organic solvents. The¹⁴N hyperfine structure, together with the exchange broadening of its components in EPR and the electronic n^* transition in the visible region, provide useful information about Li⁺-TMPN complexes. Both spectroscopic methods prove that the oxygen atom of TMPN was involved in the Li⁺-TMPN interaction. The complex formation constants 15.61, 2.50, 0.75, 0.61, 0.75, and 0.33 dm³-mol^–1 were found in nitromethane, benzonitrile, acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, acetone and tetrahydrofurane, respectively. These formation constants were correlated with donor and acceptor numbers of the solvents and interpreted in terms of competitive Li⁺-TMPN, solvent-Li⁺, and solvent-TMPN interactions.     

Synthesis and structure of a new stable radical,di-(4-dimethylneopentylmethylphenyl)nitroxide

Russian Chemical Bulletin -     

Structure and properties of [Cr(III)F(NCMe)5](BF4)2.MeCN: a nonaqueous source of Cr(III)F2+ and a building block for new Prussian-blue-like magnetic materials

[Cr (III)F(NCMe) 5](BF 4) 2.MeCN ( 1) was synthesized from a prolonged dissolution of [Cr (III)(NCMe) 6](BF 4) 3 in MeCN via fluoride abstraction from BF 4 (-). Complex 1 exhibits a crystal field splitting, Delta o, of 17 470 cm (-1) and is a nonaqueous source of Cr (III)F (2+). The reaction of 1 with (NEt 4) 3[Cr (III)(CN) 6] formed a new Prussian-blue-like magnetic material of (NEt 4) 0.04[Cr (III)F] 1.54[Cr (III)(CN) 6](BF 4) 0.12.0.10(MeCN) ( 2) composition. Complex 2 magnetically orders at a critical temperature, T c, of 85 K and at 2 K exhibits magnetic hysteresis with a coercive field, H cr, of 60 Oe and a remanent magnetization, M rem, of 1880 emuOe/mol.