基于时空最优低维动力系统的多尺度可压缩湍流数值模拟方法（英文）

按照周培源教授关于研究湍流数值模拟建模时必须分析和求解脉动速度场的思想,该研究基于第一性原理,系统地建立了基于时空低维最优动力系统的多尺度可压缩湍流数值模拟方法(LMS方法),并将其应用于多次冲击Richtmyer-Meshkov问题的数值模拟中,首次得到了可压缩湍流的中尺度流场和不同于DNS近似解的湍流近似解.数值结果表明,LMS方法可以用较少的网格获得更精确的湍流近似解.首先解决了研究中遇到的几个问题,为LMS方法的构建铺平了道路.这些问题是:基于湍流的物理特性,提出了湍流大、中、小尺度分解的新概念;找到了box滤波空间相关性的计算方法;指出了湍流建模理论中长期存在的逻辑错误,提出了多尺度湍流模型的概念;讨论了湍流封闭问题的本质和关键,给出了克服湍流封闭问题的数值方法.采用box滤波方法/空间网格平均方法且在大尺度网格的意义下,LMS方法的本质是一种将RANS、LES、DES和DNS等湍流数值模拟方法统一的全新湍流数值模拟方法.需要指出的是,LMS方法也可以作为湍流模型研究的辅助工具,以检验SGS尺度方程/脉动方程中各项所对应的湍流模型是否正确.     

模型燃烧室冷态流场的数值研究

本文采用α-ε湍流模型对模型燃烧室内湍流冷态流场进行了数值分析.采用混合差分格式和SNIP方法进行数值求解.得到了燃烧室内回流区再附长度及速度分布的数值解.计算结果与有关文献的实验数据吻合较好.本文的工作可以作为建立突扩型燃烧室计算模型的基础.     

采用高分辨率数值方法重构与实测数据一致的实际爆炸波的部分流场

本文采用球面爆炸的活塞推进模型和对间断解具有高分辨率的二阶Godunov型有限差分方法,以两类化爆试验值作依据,通过恰当调整运动活塞边界条件,数值重构了实际半球形爆炸波的部分流场.方法简单、可靠,所得结果可用于评估任意同类型炸药一维爆炸波的远场效应.     

热污染的三维椭圆型数值模拟

过去对复杂流动的三维数值模拟往往要采用许多简化处理方法,使得数值模型的适用性受到很大限制,所得结果也不能全面反应流场的特征.本文用有限容积法直接求解三维椭圆型流动控制方程,紊流模型采用有浮力修正的κ-ε模型.本文首先将该模型用于有横流情况下岸边等密度排放问题,以检验本数值模型和计算程序的正确性,所得结果正确预报了排放口下游的回流区,与文献[7]的计算和实验结果一致.然后进一步将其应用于有横流情况下的温排水、取水问题,所得结果合理,并精细地揭示了流场的内部特征.     

直接数值模拟／大涡模拟中数值误差影响的研究

通过比较湍流的能谱和总动能,对数值误差(包括混淆误差、离散截断误差)、亚格子模型以及它们之间相互作用对直接数值模拟和大涡模拟的影响进行了系统研究.算例采用了三维各向均匀同性湍流.为了研究复杂几何形状,数值格式采用了谱方法和Pade紧致格式.大涡模型采用了truncated Navior-Stokes(TNS)模型结合Pade离散滤波器.结果表明直接数值模拟中离散误差对结果有很大影响,低阶格式会导致计算发散.而大涡模拟中亚格子模型不仅能表征小尺度对大尺度的影响,而且还缓解了数值误差对计算结果的影响.因而低精度格式也可取得不错的结果.     

湍流速度和耗散率联合几率密度函数的输运方程

根据湍流动能耗散率满足对数正态分布的假定,给出耗散率的随机模型,并对速度的Langevin模型进行了修正,从而建立起完全封闭的湍流速度和耗散率联合几率密度函数的输运方程.为检验模型的可靠性,用Monte Carlo方法对输运方程进行了数值求解,给出衰变湍流和均匀剪切湍流的满意结果.     

超声速钝锥湍流边界层DNS入口边界条件的研究

如何选取恰当的入口条件,是进行湍流边界层直接数值模拟时必须考虑的一个问题.为此建议了一种方法,只需要有平板湍流边界层时间模式直接数值模拟(DNS)所得的一个瞬时的流场,而且其Mach数、Reynolds数及壁面温度条件无需和实际问题中的完全相同,就可导出超声速钝锥湍流边界层空间模式直接数值模拟所需的入口条件.通过3个典型算例,将结果与用其它方法所得结果相比,证实了该方法的可行性.     

可压缩均匀各向同性湍流的直接数值模拟

采用8阶精度的中心差分格式及7阶精度的迎风偏斜格式对Re_l = 72~153, M_t= 0.2~0.7的均匀各向同性湍流进行了直接数值模拟, 建立了湍流数据库. 与他人的计算结果吻合十分理想, 说明方法的有效性. 数值结果表明, 采用适当的迎风型差分格式可以克服起动问题(start-up problem)对湍流Mach数的限制, 提高可计算的湍流Mach数, 是可压湍流直接数值模拟的有效方法. 分析了压缩性效应对湍流统计量的影响, 发现压缩性使得湍动能的衰减加快. 探讨了可压湍流中微激波产生的机理, 对流场进行了标度律分析. 发现在本文的Reynolds数和湍流Mach数条件下, 流场中扩展自相似性仍然成立, 同时发现压缩性对标度指数影响不大.     

突然扩张方管中三维湍流流动的数值模拟

本文运用SIMPLEC算法计算了突然扩张方管中的三维湍流流动,湍流模型采用k-ε模型。计算结果详细反映了突然扩张方管中三维湍流流场。从本文结果可以看出,由于突然扩张方管几何形状非轴对称,且尺寸有限,边壁对流场的作用是不可忽略的。以往文献中常见的二维突然扩张湍流的数值模拟结果与三维情况有较大差别,在靠近边壁的区域差别很大,因此对于突然扩张方管中湍流流动的数值模拟应用三维模拟。本文计算所得突然扩张截面后主回流区长度与实验结果接近。本文方法可为数值模拟突然扩张方管中湍流流场及各物理参数的分布提供有效工具。     

近壁区Reynolds应力及湍能耗散率输运特性的理论模型 *

提出在湍流边界层的近壁区采用三维不稳定波来描述湍流相干结构 ,然后根据理论模型对Reynolds应力及湍能耗散率的输运特性进行系统的计算和定量的分析 ,并计算了平均速度分布 .所得理论结果与直接数值模拟结果符合较好 ,表明本文方法正确地体现了湍流边界层近壁区的物理实质 .这不仅有益于对湍流机制的了解 ,而且可能为湍流的近壁模型化开辟一条新的途径 .     

On the stability and transition for the Navier-Stokes-alpha model

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the stability and transition of the Navier-Stokes-alpha model. By using the continued-fraction method, combining with the dynamic transition theory, we show the existence of a Hopf bifurcation in this model as Reynolds number crosses a critical value. Upon deriving the explicit expression of a non-dimensional number P called transition number, which is a function of the critical Reynolds number and the aspect ratio, we further analyze the transition associated with the Hopf bifurcation. More precisely, it is shown that the modeled flow exhibits either a continuous or catastrophic transition at the critical Reynolds number, whose specific type of the transition is determined by the sign of the real part of P at the critical Reynolds number, and the spatio-temporal structure of the limit cycle bifurcated that corresponds to a wave that propagates slowly westward and is symmetric about the mid-axis of the channel.     

MHD turbulence in a channel with spanwise field

We study turbulent channel flow of an electrically conducting liquid with a homogeneous magnetic field imposed in the spanwise direction. The Lorentz force is modelled using the quasistatic approximation. Direct and large–eddy simulations are performed for hydrodynamic Reynolds numbers Re=10000 and Re=20000 and the Hartmann number varying in a wide range. The main effect of the magnetic field is the suppression of turbulent velocity fluctuations and momentum transfer in the wall–normal direction. Comparing the results from direct and large–edddy simulations we show that the dynamic Smagorinsky model accurately reproduces the flow transformation. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Second-order efficient nonlinear filter stabilization for high Reynolds number flows

In this article, we develop a second-order nonlinear filter based stabilization scheme for high Reynolds number flows. We prove the unconditional stability of the method, establish the second order consistency and discuss the dynamical tuning of the relaxation parameter. The scheme is then validated against experimental data for an isothermal turbulent flow in a Staggered Tube Bundle at Reynolds number of 18,000. Numerical results are found to be in an overall good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the benchmark results.     

Comparison of the simplified and full MHD models for laminar incompressible flow past a circular cylinder

In the majority of research on incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows, the simplified model with the low magnetic Reynolds number assumption has been adopted because it reduces the number of equations to be solved. However, because the effect of flow on magnetic field is also neglected, the solutions of the simplified model may be different from those of the full model. As an example, the flow of an electrically conducting fluid past a circular cylinder under a magnetic field is investigated numerically using the simplified and full models in this paper. To solve the problems, two second-order compact finite difference algorithms based on the streamfunction-velocity formulation of the simplified model and the quasi-streamfunction-velocity formulation of the full model are developed respectively.Numerical simulations are carried out over a wide range of Hartmann number for steady-state laminar problems with both models. For the full model, magnetic Reynolds number (Re_m) is chosen from 0.01 to 10. The computed results show that solutions of the simplified MHD model are not exactly the same as those of the full MHD model for this flow problem in most cases even if Re_m in the full model is very low. Only in the special case that a strong external magnetic field is exerted perpendicular to the dominant flow direction, can the simplified MHD model be regarded as an approximation of the full MHD model with low Re_m.     

An improved nonlinear Reynolds equation for a thin flow of a viscous incompressible fluid

A scalar nonlinear second-order equation describing a fluid flow between two closely spaced rigid walls is constructed on the basis of an asymptotic analysis of the Navier-Stokes equations. This equation takes into account the convective term and the surface curvature; it improves the Reynolds equation and provides a two-term asymptotics for the solution to the initial problem. Integral and pointwise error estimates are obtained. It is demonstrated that the one-dimensional model cannot be improved further.     

Flow separation behind ellipses at Reynolds numbers less than 10

Flow separation behind two-dimensional ellipses with aspect ratios ranging from 0, a flat plate, to 1, a circular cylinder, were investigated for Reynolds numbers less than 10 using both a cellular automata model and a commercial computational fluid dynamics software program. The relationship between the critical aspect ratio for flow separation and Reynolds number was determined to be linear for Reynolds numbers greater than one. At slower velocities, the critical aspect ratio decreases more quickly as the Reynolds number approaches zero. The critical Reynolds numbers estimated for flow separation behind a flat plate and circular cylinder agree with extrapolations from experimental observations. Fluctuations in the values of the stream function for laminar flow behind the ellipses were found at combinations of Reynolds number and aspect ratio near the critical values for separation.     

Simulation of Separating Flows over a Backward-Facing Step

Simulation results are reported for plane two-dimensional viscous incompressible flow in a channel with an abrupt expansion. The mathematical model is provided by the quasi-hydrodynamic equations in the incompressible fluid approximation. The computations are carried out in a range of Reynolds numbers including both laminar and turbulent flow. As the Reynolds number increases, the solution bifurcates and the steady laminar flow changes to time-dependent flow. The computation results are consistent with known experimental data. Turbulence models were not used for large Reynolds number computations.     

Turbulent Poiseuille flow with near-critical wall transpiration

An incompressible, pressure-driven, fully developed turbulent flow between two parallel walls, with an extra constant transverse velocity component, is considered. A closure condition is formulated, which relates the shear stress with the first and the second derivatives of the longitudinal mean velocity. The closure condition is derived without invoking any special hypotheses on the nature of turbulent motion, only taking advantage of the fact that the flow depends on a finite number of governing parameters. By virtue of the closure condition, the momentum equation is reduced to the boundary-value problem for a second-order differential equation, which is solved by the method of matched asymptotic expansions at high values of the logarithm of the Reynolds number based on the friction velocity. The case of near-critical transpiration, when the shear stress at the injection wall vanishes, is considered. It is shown that the maximum point on the mean velocity profile lies in a thin sublayer near the suction wall in this case. A formula for the position of the maximum point as a function of the transpiration factor is obtained. The mean velocity profiles near the suction wall are calculated. A friction law for Poiseuille flow with near-critical transpiration is found, which makes it possible to describe the relation between the shear stress at the wall, the Reynolds number, and the transpiration velocity by a single function of one variable. Direct numerical simulation of the flow for some transpiration factors is performed. (© 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

A Suggested Mechanism for Nonlinear Wall Roughness Effects on High Reynolds Number Flow Stability

The interactions between an uneven wall and free stream unsteadiness and their resultant nonlinear influence on flow stability are considered by means of a related model problem concerning the nonlinear stability of streaming flow past a moving wavy wall. The particular streaming flows studied are plane Poiseuille flow and attached boundary-layer flow, and the theory is presented for the high Reynolds number regime in each case. That regime can permit inter alia much more analytical and physical understanding to be obtained than the finite Reynolds number regime; this may be at the expense of some loss of real application, but not necessarily so, as the present study shows. The fundamental differences found between the forced nonlinear stability properties of the two cases are influenced to a large extent by the surprising contrasts existing even in the unforced situations. For the high Reynolds number effects of nonlinearity alone are destabilizing for plane Poiseuille flow, in contrast with both the initial suggestion of earlier numerical work (our prediction is shown to be consistent with these results nevertheless) and the corresponding high Reynolds number effects in boundary-layer stability. A small amplitude of unevenness at the wall can still have a significant impact on the bifurcation of disturbances to finite-amplitude periodic solutions, however, producing a destabilizing influence on plane Poiseuille flow but a stabilizing influence on boundary-layer flow.     

前后排列旋转圆柱体对流热交换的格子Boltzmann方法解

用格子Boltzmann方法,数值研究流过前后排列两旋转圆柱体的二维层流．用二阶精度的速度场和温度场,数值化涉及运动的曲线边界．在Reynolds数为100,Prandtl数为0.71时,研究旋转速度比的变化和不同间距的影响．在4种不同间距(3, 1.5, 0.7, 0.2)下,研究旋转速度比的不同范围．结果表明,当间距取大数值时,第1个圆柱体的升力和阻力系数,与单个圆柱体相类似;对所有间距(除间距3以外),第2个圆柱体的升力系数,随着角速度的增加而减小,而阻力系数反而增加．圆柱体表面平均周期Nusselt数的结果表明,当两圆柱体间距小且角速度又低时,热传导是主要的传热机理,而当间距大且角速度又高时,对流是主要的传热机理．