压电薄膜表面贯穿裂纹的有限元分析

基于有限元软件ANSYS数值模拟,计算了激光作用下的压电薄膜表面贯穿裂纹外场应力强度因子和电位移强度因子,并且研究了90°畴变所诱致的畴变增韧行为。首先,求解无裂纹压电薄膜在激光作用下的热-力-电响应,将求得的应力和电位移场反向作用于裂纹面,求解裂纹尖端处的外场应力和电位移强度因子,然后基于小范围畴变理论求解了90°畴变所致的屏蔽应力强度因子。讨论了薄膜表面裂纹的外场应力强度因子、电位移强度因子及屏蔽应力强度因子随激光作用时间和裂纹位置的变化关系,从而预测压电薄膜体系在加热工作状况下的裂纹扩展和断裂行为。     

Finite element analysis of a bimaterial interface crack

In this investigation, the enriched element method developed by Benzley was extended to treat the stress analysis problem involving a bimaterial interface crack. Unlike crack problems in isotropic elasticity, where the stress singularity at the crack tip is of the inverse square root type, the interface crack contains an additional oscillatory singularity. Although the effect of this oscillatory characteristic is confined to a region very close to the crak tip, it nevertheless requires proper treatment in order to obtain accurate predictions on the stress intensity factors. Using appropriate crack tip stress and displacement expressions, the enriched element method can model the stress singularity for an interface crack exactly. The finite element implementation of this method has been made on the code APES. Stress intensity factor results predicted by the modified APES program compare favorably with those available in the literature. This indicates tha the enriched element technique provides an accurate and efficient numerical tool for the analysis of bimaterial interface crack problems.     

齿轮接触有限元分析

通过接触仿真分析研究了通用接触单元在轮齿变形和接触应力计算中的应用。建立了一对齿轮接触仿真分析的模型，并使用新的接触单元法计算了轮齿变形和接触应力，与赫兹理论比较，同时也计算了摩擦力对接触应力的影响。计算分析了单元离散、几何、边界范围与加载或约束处理方式的误差，建立了一个计算轮齿变形和接触应力的标准，说明了新的接触单元法的精确法、有效性和可靠性。     

电磁波导的奇异元与对偶有限元分析

基于电磁波导的对偶变量变分原理以及Hamilton正则方程,将含有奇异性的电磁场问题导入Hamilton体系下进行分析,通过分离变量及共轭辛本征函数向量展开法,构造出可以表征电磁场奇异性的奇异解析元。奇异元的采用克服了普通单元处理含有导电劈和介质楔的波导问题的困难,同时能够方便地与电磁对偶元相结合,保持了有限元方法的灵活性,具有较高的精度。     

Finite element analysis in combustion phenomena

This paper is concerned with the exposition of finite element applications to combustion problems. The subject of computational fluid dynamics, including combustion calculations, has long been dominated by finite differences. Recently, however, the finite element method has emerged as a potential candidate for computational modelling in fluid mechanics. It is well known that reactive fluids with combustion present additional complications because of disparity in reaction rates commonly referred to as ‘stiff’. The present paper reviews basic questions arising from combustion problems in applications of finite element techniques to the solution of problems associated with chemical kinetics, diffusion, waves, convection, etc. Finally, an example of a hydrogen-oxygen reaction is presented for practical applications. Extension to the finite element modelling of turbulence, sprays, boundary layers, shock waves, etc. in combustion must await significant developments of numerical strategies associated with a more complete understanding of physical phenomena and chemical kinetics.     

Finite element analysis of primary and secondary consolidation

In this paper a finite element formulation for a two phase soil with a viscoelastic skeleton is developed. A method of integration is proposed which considerably reduces the body of hereditary information necessary to carry forward the solution and it is shown that under certain circumstances this integration method is unconditionally stable.     

Finite element analysis of flow in a gas-filled rotating annulus

Linearized multidimensional flow in a gas centrifuge can be described away from the ends by Onsager's pancake equation. However a rotating annulus results in a slightly different set of boundary conditions from the usual symmetry at the axis of rotation. The problem on an annulus becomes ill-posed and requires some special attention. Herein we treat axially linear inner and outer rotor temperature distributions and velocity slip. An existence condition for a class of non-trivial, one-dimensional solutions is given. New exact solutions in the infinite bowl approximation have been derived containing terms that are important at finite gap width and non-vanishing velocity slip. The usual one-dimensional, axially symmetric solution is obtained as a limit. Our previously reported finite element algorithm has been extended to treat this new class of problems. Effects of gap width, temperature and slip conditions are illustrated. Lastly, we report on the compressible, finite length, circular Couette flow for the first time.     

Finite element analysis of plane soil cutting

This study develops the finite element method (FEM) of solution to provide a theoretical means for determination of soil performance under the actions of a cutting blade—and the forces required to promote cutting. The developed FEM takes into account the effect of progressive and continuous cutting of the clay soil at the tip of the blade, with possible development of failure zones in the soil whenever the shear strength of the soil is exceeded. The solution provides detailed information on stress and deformation fields in the soil, together with tangential and normal pressures developed at the blade soil interface Correspondence between theoretically computed displacement fields and measured values has been obtained. In addition, the theoretically computed and experimentally measured values for forces developed in blade thrust are seen to be in close agreement.     

Finite element analysis of two-temperature generalized magneto-thermoelasticity

A general finite element model is proposed to analyze transient phenomena in thermoelastic solids. Youssef model of two-temperature generalized magneto-thermoelasticity is selected for an homogenous, isotropic, conducting and elastic medium, which is subjected to thermal shock, and a magnetic field with constant intensity acts tangent to the bounding plane. The numerical solution of the nondimensional governing partial differential equations of the problem has been shown graphically.     

Finite element analysis of die swell of a highly elastic fluid

A mixed finite element method is applied to the die swell calculation of ana Oldroyd fluid B. The use of large entry lengths together with the presence of the retardation time in the constitutive equations allow us to reach values of the recoverable shear as high as four for the flow emerging from slit and circular dies, with swelling ratios of the order of 2. The numerical results are in good agreement with some available experimental data.     

Finite element analysis of void growth near a blunting crack tip

Large deformation finite element analysis has been used to study the near crack tip growth of long cylindrical holes aligned parallel to the plane of a mode I plane strain crack. The near crack tip stress and deformation fields are analyzed. The results show that the holes are pulled towards the crack tip and change their shape to approximately elliptical with the major axis radial to the crack. They also grow faster directly ahead of the crack than at an angle to the crack plane. Several crack-hole coalescence criteria are discussed and estimates for the conditions for fracture initiation are given and compared with experimental results. The range of estimates now available from finite element calculations coincides quite well with the range of experimental data for materials containing inclusions which are only loosely bonded to the matrix.     

夹层梁总体屈曲及皱曲的有限元计算

皱曲是夹层结构的一种短波屈曲模式,通常发生于夹心较厚或夹心刚度较低的情况。由于模型规模的限制,在常规有限元建模时通常将夹层板模拟为二维板单元,这种方法忽略了面板和夹心在厚度方向上的相互作用,无法计算出皱曲模式。针对上述问题,本文首先介绍了一个计算夹层结构总体屈曲和皱曲的统一理论,并将此理论的计算结果作为理论解。为了同时...     

Finite element program for flight structure analysis

Summary A computer program is developed for the analysis of large complex structures of any kind but especially for those used in flight vehicles.The displacement method chosen, using the finite element algorithm and the related matrix calculation, allows a high degree of automation in the data processing, the human intervention being confined to introducing the topoelastic quantities that are essential to the correct definition of the structural problem.The program is organized in such a way as to allow subsequent developments including, on the initial basis, dynamic and non linear effects.Given the contained calculating times and limited occupation of the core storage, the program can be used on medium-sized computers.

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Sommario Viene presentato lo sviluppo di un programma di calcolo per la verifica di strutture grandi e complesse di qualsiasi tipo, ma con particolare riguardo a quelle impiegate nelle costruzioni aerospaziali, mediante l'uso di un elaboratore elettronico.Il metodo deformazionale scelto, sfruttando l'algoritmo degli elementi finiti ed il connesso calcolo matriciale, permette un elevato grado di automazione nell'elaborazione dei dati, tale da limitare l'intervento umano alla sola introduzione delle grandezze topoelastiche che siano essenziali alla corretta definizione del problema strutturale.Il programma è organizzato in modo da permettere sviluppi successivi, fino ad includere, sulla base iniziale, effetti dinamici e non lineari.I tempi di calcolo contenuti e la limitata occupazione di memoria operativa ne estendono l'impiego a calcolatori di media dimensione.

     

Finite element analysis of ink-tack delamination of paperboard

Finite element analysis of ink-tack delamination of paperboard were presented. The paperboard was modeled as a multilayered structure with a softening interface model connecting the paperboard plies. The paperboard plies were modeled as orthotropic linear elastic. The ink-tack loading was applied to the board in the form of a moving displacement boundary condition. The purpose of the analysis was to assess the influence from the elastic moduli of the individual layers on the ink-tack delamination event. The results indicated that in most cases of practical interest the board delaminated between the outer plies of the board, although the interface strength was lower in the middle of the board. This observation helped to explain why traditional tests for out-of-plane testing of paper by standardized methods could not uniquely predict the propensity for ink-tack delamination.     

具有压电材料薄板弯曲控制的有限元法

考虑一均匀各向同性薄板结构,在其上下表面离散分布状压电执行元件,在横向外载和电压共同作用下,分析板的弯曲变形,并通过变化作用于执行元件上的电压对板的变形进行控制,根据逆压电效应将电压转换成作用于板上的等效作用量,用Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ原理导出压电结构板弯曲变形的有限元公式,并对环形板情况进行数值计算。     

Finite element analysis of seepage in viscoelastic media

R. S. Sandhu and E.L. Wilson presented "Finite Element Analysis of Seepage in Elastic Media"^[1], by which complex problems in engineering can be solved. In this paper, it is extended to the case of viscoe-lastic media. If the soil skeleton is regarded as viscoelastic media, the stress-strain relation will be changed with time, which increases the complexity of problems. By making use of the finite-element method to solve such problems, the linear stress-strain increment relation is considered in every preselective interval of time. The linear proportional constant here is called "equivalent elastic tensor". On the basis of the equivalent elastic tensor, this paper deduces the formulation for solving problems in viscoelastic media.     

Finite element analysis of smart functionally graded plates

This paper deals with the derivation of a finite element model for the static analysis of functionally graded (FG) plates integrated with a layer of piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) material. The layer of PFRC material acts as the distributed actuator of the FG plates. The Young’s modulus of the FG plate is assumed to vary exponentially along the thickness of the plate while the Poisson’s ratio is assumed to be constant over the domain of the plate. The finite element model has been verified with the exact solutions for both thick and thin plates. Emphasis has been placed on investigating the effect of variation of piezoelectric fiber angle in the PFRC layer on its actuating capability of the FG plates. The finite element solutions also revealed that the activated PFRC layer is more effective in controlling the deformations of the FG plates when the layer is attached to the surface of the FG plate with minimum stiffness than when it is attached to the surface of the same with maximum stiffness.     

Finite element incremental analysis of elastoplastic plate bending

Summary The paper discusses the numerical solution of the elastoplastic bending of plates with any polygonal boundary subject to a generic load and to distributed dislocations.For the discretization of the plate Herrmann's and Hellan's constant moment triangular equilibrium model has been chosen. Compatibility is imposed through a minimum principle, proposed by Capurso and Maier, which can be considered a generalization of the minimum complementary energy principle for elastoplastic workhardening continua allowing for distributed dislocations.By means of a completely automatic computation program, the cases of simply supported and clamped square plate under uniformly distributed load and under central concentrated load are solved. Present results are partly compared with existing solutions.

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Sommario Viene studiato il problema della flessione di una piastra a contorno poligonale qualsiasi costituita da materiale elastico-incrudente e sottoposta ad un carico generico e a distorsioni diffuse. Per la discretizzazione della piastra viene scelto il modello triangolare equilibrato a momento costante di Herrmann e Hellan. La congruenza viene imposta attraverso un principio di minimo proposto da Capurso e Maier che può essere riguardato come la generalizzazione del principio della minima energia complementare per materiali elastico-incrudenti in presenza di distorsioni diffuse.Viene sviluppato un programma di calcolo automatico, che stende sulla piastra un reticolo di densità prefissata, numera e collega fra di loro nodi, lati e triangoli. In tal modo il programma genera le condizioni di equilibrio nodale e costruisce la funzione dell'energia da minimizzare. Vengono risolti, per il confronto con le soluzioni esistenti i casi di piastra quadrata semplicemente appoggiata e incastrata al contorno sottoposte a carico uniforme e ad una forza concentrata nel centro.

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This study forms part of a research program supported by the National (Italian) Research Council (C.N.R. Gruppo Problemi avanzati di ingegneria strutturale).