具有聚集诱导发光效应及高对比度可逆力致变色三芳基丙烯腈化合物的设计、合成及性能

设计、合成了两个三芳基丙烯腈化合物(Z)-2,3-二-[4,4’-(二苯胺)苯基]-3-苯基丙烯腈(2DPA-TPCN)和(Z)-2,3-二-[4,4’-(二苯胺)联苯基]-3-苯基丙烯腈(2TPA-TPCN),利用核磁共振(NMR)、质谱(EI-MS)等对它们进行了结构表征.通过混合溶剂四氢呋喃(THF)/水析出实验显示,化合物2DPA-TPCN和2TPA-TPCN在纯THF溶剂中几乎无荧光,而在THF/水混合溶剂中,当水体积分数增加(fw>60%)时呈现聚集荧光增强现象.对2DPA-TPCN和2TPA-TPCN粉末进行研磨后,发现它们的发光颜色分别从橙黄色(ΦF=12.0%)变成橘红色(ΦF=2.0%)和从翠绿色(ΦF=44.6%)变成橘黄色(ΦF=16.8%),且2TPA-TPCN的颜色变化在自然光下肉眼清晰可辨;研磨后的样品暴露在溶剂蒸气中或100℃放置2 min均能恢复到初始颜色.以上现象表明2DPA-TPCN和2TPA-TPCN具有高对比度的可逆力致变色性质.SEM,XRD,DSC,荧光量子效率等测试结果表明其光学性质(荧光光谱、荧光寿命和量子效率等)发生变化是由分子聚集态的堆积模式的改变导致的,而研磨后的样品具有可逆性色变的根本原因可能是其存在热力学亚稳态.热重分析表明化合物有很好的热稳定性(2TPA-TPCN,Td=436.4℃;2DPA-TPCN,Td=387.6℃).     

推拉电子基团区域异构苯并咪唑的发射行为与力致荧光变色性能研究

以芘基和4-腈基苯基为取代基,分别合成了两者在苯并咪唑环上N₁位与C₂位区域异构的两个化合物BIMNPy和BIMCPy,研究了两种化合物在溶液中以及固态下的荧光发射性质与力致荧光变色行为.在溶液中, BIMCPy的荧光发射波长表现出中等幅度的正向溶剂变色效应,而BIMNPy的荧光发射波长则对溶剂极性的变化无响应.两种化合物的晶体在受力后均出现发射波长的蓝移,且在BIMNPy晶体上产生的力致荧光变色活性比在BIMCPy晶体上更为显著.此外,BIMNPy的力致荧光变色性在溶剂熏蒸及热退火状态下均可逆,并在室温下具有部分自恢复特性; BIMCPy的力致荧光变色性在溶剂熏蒸下可逆而在热退火处理时不可逆.根据示差热扫描、粉末与单晶衍射、发射衰变光谱以及理论计算的结果,对两种化合物发射行为差异性的原因进行了分析与探讨,认为溶液态下的差异起源于高能级电子激发态的发射特征不同而固态下的差异起源于分子堆积模式的区别,但推拉电子基团区域异构所引起的分子偶极矩以及π-共轭程度的变化则是异构体产生宏观性能不同的根本原因.     

席夫碱及其络合物的可逆热致变色材料

对具有可逆的热致变色的席夫碱及其络合物的分类、合成、变色机理以及发展前景等进行了回顾和探讨。     

基于螺噁嗪的快速可逆力响应性聚合物的研究

机械力响应性聚合物的设计目前引起国内外广泛的关注,但力致变色聚合物中的力色团的设计仍然是巨大的挑战.本工作设计并合成了一种全新的螺噁嗪力色团结构,并将其引入以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为基体的聚合成交联网络结构中.通过对螺噁嗪小分子溶液和聚合物的紫外光照射验证了螺噁嗪力色团结构在紫外光刺激下的响应性以及快速恢复性;拉伸...     

磷腈-紫精聚合物的合成与电致变色性能

以六氯环三磷腈作为核心、紫精为电致变色活性基,合成了一种新型有机-无机杂化电致变色材料六(1-乙基-4,4’-联吡啶-甲基苯氧基)环三磷腈(PHV²⁺).通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)及核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)表征了PHV²⁺的结构.优良的水溶性使得该化合物可以通过简单的方法构造一个以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为凝胶基质的电致变色水凝胶,具有成本低廉及无毒害的优点.以氟掺杂氧化锡(FTO)涂层玻璃作为电极材料,PHV²⁺作为电致变色材料制备了PHV²⁺/PVA/KCl电致变色器件(PHV²⁺/PVA/KCl ECD).该电致变色器件在2. 1 V电压下由淡黄色变为紫色,颜色变化明显,并且该颜色变化可以循环500次;器件在526 nm处的光学对比度达到62. 19%.良好的电致变色性质使该化合物在电致变色器件方面具有潜在应用价值.     

高对比度多色力致发光变色二苯并富烯衍生物的设计合成及性质研究

制备了苯基甲苯基二苯并富烯（phenyltolyldibenzofulvene,1）并研究了其发光性能.化合物1具有聚集诱导发光（aggregation induced emission,AIE）及结晶诱导荧光增强（crystallization enhanced emission,CEE）的性质,且化合物1可形成蓝色、蓝绿色荧光的晶体以及黄绿色荧光的无定形态.因化合物1分子为扭曲的螺旋桨构象,分子在聚集态中以较疏松的形式堆积,故化合物1可在热、溶剂气氛以及外力刺激下发生多种聚集态间的可逆转变,从而实现在三种不同发光状态间的可逆转变.我们尝试将化合物1用于光学记录,以单一化合物1为发光材料,其可在蓝绿及蓝色荧光颜色背景上以暗黄绿色字迹记录,可通过研磨、加热及溶剂气氛处理擦除字迹,并将记录纸分别转变为蓝色、蓝绿色及黄绿色,因此化合物1有望用于光存储材料.     

二咔唑四苯乙烯多功能发光化合物的合成与性能

合成了一种新型的具有压致荧光变色效应的聚集诱导增强发光(PAIE)化合物二咔唑四苯乙烯; 通过核磁共振、质谱和元素分析等手段对其进行了结构表征; 利用紫外吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱、热分析和X射线衍射等手段研究了化合物的基本性能. 实验结果表明, 随着水含量的增加, 该化合物溶液荧光强度增强了171倍, 荧光量子产率提高了100倍, 表现出明显的聚集诱导增强发光效应; 在外界因素作用下该化合物固体样品可实现结晶态与无定形态的相互转变. 结晶态的荧光发射波长为450 nm, 无定形态为480 nm, 相差30 nm, 说明该化合物具有明显的压致荧光变色效应; 将该化合物用于制备发光器件, 未经优化的器件亮度达2438 cd/m², 电流效率为2.87 cd/A, 流明效率为1.81 lm/W. 该化合物是一种多功能材料.     

具有聚集诱导发光及机械变色特性的含Au(Ⅰ)化合物的设计、合成及性质研究

设计合成了两个含Au(I)的化合物1和2,利用核磁共振(NMR)、红外光谱(IR)、元素分析等对其结构进行了表征.通过对其在二甲亚砜(DMSO)/水体系或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)/水体系中荧光光谱的研究,显示其在纯有机溶剂中没有荧光,而在混合体系中,水含量达到一定程度后,其荧光会显著增强.这表明化合物1和2均具有明显的聚集诱导发光性质.对化合物1和2的固体粉末进行研磨,其固体荧光会显著增强,而且将研磨后的样品暴露在有机溶剂蒸汽中一段时间后,荧光强度又会恢复到原来的强度.这表明化合物1和2均具有机械变色的性质.通过它们的X射线粉末衍射(XRD)测试发现,这两个化合物在研磨前后分子堆积态实现了从晶态到无定形态的转变.因此这两个化合物具有成为新型智能材料的潜质.     

基于1,3,5-三嗪的具有力致变色性质的聚集诱导荧光化合物的合成及性质

以1,3,5-三嗪为核, 四苯基乙烯为端基, 合成了两种新型的星状结构分子2,4,6-三(4-(1,2,2-三苯基乙烯基)苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪(TTPE-Tr)和2,4,6-三(4-(1,2,2-三苯基乙烯基)-4-联苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪(TTPE-Ph-Tr), 并利用核磁共振(NMR)、离子化质谱(MALDI-MS)及元素分析等对其进行了结构表征. 通过混合溶剂四氢呋喃(THF)/水析出实验显示, 化合物TTPE-Tr和TTPE-Ph-Tr在纯THF溶剂中无荧光, 而在THF/水混合溶剂中, 当水体积分数增加时呈现荧光增强现象. 通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱、荧光(PL)光谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)证实荧光量子效率的提高是由于分子内电子旋转受限(RIR)导致的. 同时发现化合物TTPE-Tr具有力致变色性质, 简单的研磨使其发光颜色(蓝绿光到黄绿光)及发光强度(Φ_F, 24.4%到14.7%)发生了明显的改变. UV-Vis光谱、PL光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)、荧光寿命和荧光量子效率等测试结果显示, 这种现象是由于力刺激改变了TTPE-Tr的分子堆积形式导致的. 热分析结果显示化合物TTPE-Tr和TTPE-Ph-Tr的热分解温度分别为464和385℃, 具有良好的热稳定性.     

电致变色/电控荧光双功能聚合物的合成及性能

将电活性双胺单体4,4'-二氨基二苯醚与1,2,4,5-环己烷四甲酸二酐共聚, 得到电活性聚酰胺酸聚合物. 再通过后功能化方法, 采用酰胺化反应将2-氨基芴引入到聚合物结构中, 合成了荧光聚合物. 通过核磁、 红外和凝胶渗透色谱证实了聚合物的结构. 该聚合物在0~0.8 V的电压下展示出可逆的电化学活性. 在利用电压改变苯胺齐聚物链段的氧化状态的过程中, 聚合物薄膜发生了明显的颜色变化, 展现出良好的电致变色性质. 荧光性质随着施加电压的改变而变化, 展现出优异的电控荧光特性.     

Osmaindenes: Synthesis and Reversible Mechanochromism Characteristics

A series of novel osmaindenes 1 – 6 bearing different substituents (CF₃, H, I, Br, OCH₃, N(Ph)₂) has been synthesized by nucleophilic reaction of water with the corresponding aromatic osmanaphthalyne complexes. All osmaindenes 1 – 6 have been characterized by elemental analysis (EA) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, although the low solubilities of 3 and 4 precluded the accumulation of their ¹³C NMR spectra. Osmaindenes 2 , 3 and 5 have also been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Subsequently, through solid-state fluorescence spectroscopy, mechanochromic studies, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, we found that osmaindenes 1 – 6 fluoresce at wavelengths in the range 500–800 nm, while also displaying reversible mechanochromic properties. The solid-state fluorescence emission of 1 after grinding extends into the near-infrared region. This research provides new insight into the design and synthesis of metallic materials with excellent mechanochromic properties.     

Rational Control of Charge Transfer Excitons Toward High-Contrast Reversible Mechanoresponsive Luminescent Switching

A practicable strategy to rationally obtain the reversible mechanochromic luminescent (MCL) material with high-contrast ratio (green versus red) has been established. By introducing a volatile third party (small-sized solvent molecules) into the lattice of charge transfer (CT) cocrystal of mixed-stacking 1:1 coronene (Cor.) and napthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (NDI), a noteworthy reconfigurable molecular assembly is ingeniously achieved owing to the loosely packing arrangement as well as weakened intermolecular interactions. Accordingly, the CT excited state, strongly corresponding to the molecular stacking modes, can be intentionally tailored through external stimulus (heating, grinding, or solvent), accompanying distinct changes in photophysical properties. Subsequently, a high-contrast reversible MCL with highly sensitive and good reproducibility is realized and the underlying mechanism is thoroughly revealed.     

Rational Control of Charge Transfer Excitons Toward High‐Contrast Reversible Mechanoresponsive Luminescent Switching

A practicable strategy to rationally obtain the reversible mechanochromic luminescent (MCL) material with high‐contrast ratio (green versus red) has been established. By introducing a volatile third party (small‐sized solvent molecules) into the lattice of charge transfer (CT) cocrystal of mixed‐stacking 1:1 coronene (Cor.) and napthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (NDI), a noteworthy reconfigurable molecular assembly is ingeniously achieved owing to the loosely packing arrangement as well as weakened intermolecular interactions. Accordingly, the CT excited state, strongly corresponding to the molecular stacking modes, can be intentionally tailored through external stimulus (heating, grinding, or solvent), accompanying distinct changes in photophysical properties. Subsequently, a high‐contrast reversible MCL with highly sensitive and good reproducibility is realized and the underlying mechanism is thoroughly revealed.     

压力和酸响应的四苯乙烯修饰喹喔啉类荧光染料的合成与性质研究

合成了新的给受体型四苯乙烯修饰的喹喔啉衍生物BTPQ、DBTPQ和BTBQ.三个化合物表现出不同程度的聚集诱导发光(AIE)行为,当BTBQ (四苯乙烯单元修饰在喹喔啉的2,3-位)的四氢呋喃溶液中含水量达到90%时,其荧光发射强度增加至原来的54倍.此外,固体BTBQ在三氟乙酸蒸气作用下可由淡黄色变成红色,且其蓝绿色荧光被显著猝灭,可见,它可作为传感材料用于酸蒸气的可视化检测.由于连接在喹喔啉5,8-位上的四苯乙烯单元的空阻作用导致BTPQ和DBTPQ不易被质子化,因此,二者对酸不敏感,但是,它们的固态发光颜色在研磨前后发生了明显变化,如,BTPQ在结晶态时发射蓝色荧光,经研磨变成无定形态后,发射蓝绿色荧光, BTPQ和DBTPQ的压致荧光变色行为在研磨、加热/溶剂熏蒸处理下具有可逆性.     

苯基桥键型介孔材料的制备与表征

以1,4-二(三乙氧基硅基)-苯为硅源,聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯三嵌段共聚物为模板剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为共模板剂,乙醇为共溶剂,在酸性条件下合成了球形的苯基桥键型有序介孔材料。X射线衍射和透射电镜表征结果表明,该材料具有有序的二维六方相介观结构;傅立叶红外变换、13C和29S i固体核磁共振表征证实硅胶骨架中成功引入了苯基桥键,且在合成和模板移除过程中未发生S i—C键断裂;元素分析表明材料含碳量为34%~39%;热重分析说明材料稳定温度可达300℃;氮气吸附脱附揭示了材料有较高的比表面积(500~600 m2/g)和窄的孔径分布(3.21~3.95 nm)。将该苯基材料不经化学改性直接用作反相高效液相色谱固定相,并与商品键合硅胶苯基色谱柱比较,发现桥键型苯基材料对芳香类化合物具有很好的分离选择性,残留硅羟基明显减少,作为一种新的液相色谱填料具有很好的应用前景。     

Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Invoked Through Norbornyl-Driven Intermolecular Interaction Intensification with Anomalous Reversible Solid-State Photochromism

Herein, norbornyl (NB), a bulky annular nonconjugated spacer, is melded into π systems to construct two groups of ladder-type room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) luminogens. The effect of the NB on π-π interactions, packing modes and RTP performance is explored systematically. The experimental and computational results demonstrate the versatility of NB in reducing π-π distances and synergistically intensifying the intermolecular interactions, which not only induces intersystem crossing from S₁ to T_n but also diminishes the nonradiative decay of triplet excitons. Impressively, 1800-fold phosphorescence lifetime enhancement is achieved in comparison with the reference compounds without NB. The molecular packing and RTP performance can be further modulated by the length of the backbones and terminal end-groups. It is quite peculiar that NB-annulated phthalic acid exhibits reversible photochromism in the solid state, likely due to the formation of persistent radical pairs. Our study paves an ingenious avenue towards enhancing intermolecular interactions and provides significant implications for a better comprehensive understanding of the origin of their RTP and the inherent photophysical mechanism.     

A 1,3‐Indandione‐Functionalized Tetraphenylethene: Aggregation‐Induced Emission,Solvatochromism, Mechanochromism,and Potential Application as a Multiresponsive Fluorescent Probe

A tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivative substituted with the electron‐acceptor 1,3‐indandione (IND) group was designed and prepared. The targeted IND‐TPE reserves the intrinsic aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) property of the TPE moiety. Meanwhile, owing to the decorated IND moiety, IND‐TPE demonstrates intramolecular charge‐transfer process and pronounced solvatochromic behavior. When the solvent is changed from apolar toluene to highly polar acetonitrile, the emission peak redshifts from 543 to 597 nm. IND‐TPE solid samples show an evident mechanochromic process. Grinding of the as‐prepared powder sample induces a redshift of emission from green (peak at 515 nm) to orange (peak at 570 nm). The mechanochromic process is reversible in multiple grinding–thermal annealing and grinding–solvent‐fuming cycles, and the emission of the solid sample switches between orange (ground) and yellow (thermal/solvent‐fuming‐treated) colors. The mechanochromism is ascribed to the phase transition between amorphous and crystalline states. IND‐TPE undergoes a hydrolysis reaction in basic aqueous solution, thus the red‐orange emission can be quenched by OH^? or other species that can induce the generation of sufficient OH^?. Accordingly, IND‐TPE has been used to discriminatively detect arginine and lysine from other amino acids, due to their basic nature. The experimental data are satisfactory. Moreover, the hydrolyzation product of IND‐TPE is weakly emissive in the resultant mixture but becomes highly blue‐emissive after the illumination for a period by UV light. Thus IND‐TPE can be used as a dual‐responsive fluorescent probe, which may extend the application of TPE‐based molecular probes in chemical and biological categories.     

Teaching an Old Compound New Tricks: Reversible Transamidation in Maleamic Acids

Dynamic combinatorial chemistry is a method widely used for generating responsive libraries of compounds, with applications ranging from chemical biology to materials science. It relies on dynamic covalent bonds that are able to form in a reversible manner in mild conditions, and therefore requires the discovery of new types of these bonds in order to progress. Amides, due to their high stability, have been scarcely used in this field and typically require an external catalyst or harsh conditions for exchange. Compounds able to undergo uncatalysed transamidation at room temperature are still rare exceptions. In this work, we describe reversible amide formation and transamidation in a class of compounds known as maleamic acids. Due to the presence of a carboxylic acid in β-position, these compounds are in equilibrium with their anhydride and amine precursors in organic solvents at room temperature. First, we show that this equilibrium is responsive to external stimuli: by alternating the additions of a Brønsted acid and a base, we can switch between amide and anhydride several times without side-reactions. Next, we prove that this equilibrium provides a pathway for reversible transamidation without any added catalyst, leading to thermodynamic distributions of amides at room temperature. Lastly, we use different preparation conditions and concentrations of Brønsted acid to access different library distributions, easily controlling the transition between kinetic and thermodynamic regimes. Our results show that maleamic acids can undergo transamidation in mild conditions in a reversible and tunable way, establishing them as a new addition to the toolbox of dynamic combinatorial chemistry.