高分辨偏正拉曼光谱对丙酸酐C=O振动模的拉曼光谱非一致效应研究

根据C=O振动的各向同性和各向异性拉曼光谱和红外光谱特点讨论研究了丙酸酐分子的局部有序排列以及振动耦合机理. 利用三级联共聚焦拉曼光谱仪测定了不同浓度丙酸酐的各向同性与各向异性拉曼光谱图, 分别采集了丙酸酐在四氯化碳和甲醇中的光谱以及不同极性溶剂中的光谱, 具体分析了丙酸酐C=O振动模的浓度效应、 溶剂效应以及拉曼光谱非一致效应(NCE). 结果表明, 丙酸酐C=O振动模的NCE效应随着浓度的降低而减小; 随着溶剂极性的减小而增加. 利用密度泛函理论的B3LYP-D3/31-311G(d,p)基组计算了丙酸酐单体和二聚体的几何稳定构型, 用聚集态理论模型解释了丙酸酐分子的NCE效应、 浓度效应与溶剂效应. 理论计算结果与实验结果相吻合.     

N-甲基吡咯-2-甲醛激发态结构动力学及其溶剂效应的共振拉曼光谱和密度泛函理论研究

获取了覆盖N-甲基吡咯-2-甲醛(NMPCA)A-带和B-带电子吸收共7个激发波长的共振拉曼光谱,并结合含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法研究了的A-带和B-带电子激发和Franck-Condon区域结构动力学.TD-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)计算表明:A-带和B-带电子吸收的跃迁主体为π→π*.共振拉曼光谱可以指认为,11-13振动模式(A-带激发)或者7-11振动模式(B-带激发)的基频、倍频和组合频,其中C=O伸缩振动(ν7)、环的变形振动+N1-C6伸缩振动(ν17)、环的变形振动(ν21)和C6-N1-C2/C2-C3-C4不对称伸缩振动(ν14)占据了绝大部分.这表明NMPCA的Sπ激发态结构动力学主要沿C=O伸缩振动、环的变形振动和环上N1-C6伸缩振动等反应坐标展开.在同一溶剂的共振拉曼光谱中随激发波长由长变短,ν7与ν14的强度比呈现出由强变弱再变强的现象,这种变化规律被认为与Franck-Condon区域Sn/Sπ态混合或势能面交叉有关.溶剂对Sn/Sπ态混合或势能面交叉具有调控作用.     

2-乙酰基-1-甲基吡咯激发态结构动力学及溶剂效应的共振拉曼光谱和密度泛函理论计算

获取了覆盖紫外光谱中A带和B带吸收的共7个不同激发波长的共振拉曼光谱, 并结合密度泛函理论方法研究了2-乙酰基-1-甲基吡咯(2-Ac-NMP)的A带和B带电子激发和Franck-Condon区域结构动力学. 在TD-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)计算水平上, A带和B带吸收的跃迁主体为π→π^* . A带和B带共振拉曼光谱分别指认为13个振动模式和8个振动模式的基频、泛频和组合频, 其中C＝O伸缩振动(ν₈)、C3-C4-C5不对称伸缩振动+C2-C6伸缩振动(ν₁₄)及环上CH面内摇摆(ν₁₈)对拉曼光谱强度贡献最大, 表明2-Ac-NMP的S_π激发态结构动力学主要沿反应坐标展开. 考察了溶剂对共振拉曼光谱强度模式的影响, 结果表明, 在同一溶剂中, 随激发波长由长变短, C＝O伸缩振动模(ν₈)的强度呈现出由强变弱再变强的现象. 这种变化规律与Franck-Condon区域S_n/S_π态混合或势能面交叉相关, 并受溶剂的有效调控.     

二羰基茂铁二聚体[CpFe(CO)2]2的中红外泵浦探测光谱

利用一维稳态红外光谱和5-μm泵浦探测红外光谱手段,结合量子化学计算,以非桥连三价羰基为探针,研究了二羰基茂铁二聚体[CpFe(CO)2]2在二氯甲烷中的结构和振动动力学.结果表明,[CpFe(CO)2]2两个主要结构(顺式cis和反式trans摩尔比为1.7)的振动态寿命和转动动力学都有一定不同.两种结构的两个羰基振动激发态的指数衰减过程都有一个<1ps的快组分和一个~20ps的慢组分.我们认为前者与宽带激发所产生的振动相干态的快速失相过程有关,而后者属于典型的C≡O伸缩振动态寿命.此外,cis结构与溶剂的较强作用使得其转动衰减较慢.结果表明,非桥连羰基的红外吸收频率和振转动力学对分子结构和溶剂环境都非常敏感.     

核酸碱基的非谐性振动:Ⅲ,DNA叠加二聚体的一维和二维红外光谱

用量子化学计算方法研究了DNA碱基单体及其15个B型和2个G-四链体的叠加二聚体的非谐性振动光谱特征.研究发现,从碱基单体到二聚体,C=O伸缩模式之间的相互作用很强,表现在其非谐性振动频率和非谐性常数都发生了明显的改变,特别是在含碱基G的叠加体中.这些变化能在一维和二维红外光谱中很好地表现出来.利用振动模式的势能分布和非谐性常数的组成分析,讨论了叠加二聚体中C=O模式的离域化程度.     

乙二醇的分子间氢键结构动力学的飞秒非线性红外光谱

利用稳态线性红外光谱和飞秒泵浦-探测红外光谱技术, 研究了在乙腈(MeCN)、丙酮(AC)、四氢呋喃(THF)和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶剂中乙二醇(EG)的结构和羟基(―OH)伸缩振动动力学. 结果表明, 乙二醇的―OH伸缩振动的频率位置、峰宽以及振动弛豫动力学都表现出强烈的溶剂依赖性. 乙二醇溶液中至少存在两种形式的分子间氢键, 一种是溶质-溶剂团簇的分子间氢键, 另一种是溶质-溶质团簇的分子间氢键. 量子化学计算预测的―OH伸缩振动频率的溶剂依赖性与我们的红外光谱实验观测结果一致. 进一步, 我们发现在乙腈中参与形成溶质-溶剂团簇氢键的乙二醇―OH伸缩振动具有最慢的弛豫动力学, 丙酮和四氢呋喃次之, 而最快的弛豫动力学过程发生在二甲基亚砜中. 在每一溶剂条件下, 乙二醇/乙二醇溶质团簇中―OH伸缩振动弛豫都更快一些. 本文结果有助于认识在溶质-溶质、溶质-溶剂分子团簇共存的体系中不同分子间氢键的结构动力学特性.     

尿嘧啶和5-氯尿嘧啶1S0→1S2跃迁动态结构的共振拉曼光谱

采用含时量子波包理论的简单模型对5-氯尿嘧啶和尿嘧啶的共振拉曼光谱开展了强度分析拟合, 获得了1(π, π*)激发态的几何结构变化动态特征. 结果表明, 尿嘧啶1S0→1S2跃迁的动态结构特征因5-位氯原子取代而改变. 5-氯尿嘧啶的动态结构特征主要沿C5=C6伸缩振动+C6H12 弯曲振动和N3H9/N1H7弯曲振动+N1C6伸缩振动反应坐标展开, 而尿嘧啶的动态结构特征主要沿嘧啶环的伸缩振动+C5H11/C6H12/N1H7弯曲振动和C4=O10伸缩振动反应坐标展开. π和π*轨道中氯原子的pz电子参与嘧啶环的p-π共轭作用导致了在1(π, π*)激发态上5-氯尿嘧啶的振动重组能更多地配分给嘧啶环的弯曲振动模式和C5=C6伸缩振动模式. 尿嘧啶在甲醇中的激发态动态结构特征与在水中的基本一致, 但波包沿C5H11/C6H12/N1H7弯曲振动+N1C6伸缩振动(υ12)和环呼吸振动(υ17)反应坐标的运动明显增强.     

抗早老性痴呆症天然产物石杉碱甲的红外光谱与简正分析——量子化学密度函数理论(DFT)研究

运用量子化学密度函数理论B3LYP/ 6 31G 方法计算了石杉碱甲的电子结构和红外光谱 ,得到了与实验结果的谱图特征基本一致的红外振动光谱 .通过对振动模式的分析 ,指认了 1 0 2个振动模式中分离得比较完全的 45个振动模式 ,结果表明其吡啶酮CO伸缩振动的红外活性最强 ,吡啶酮NH键的伸缩振动的频率最高 .涉及可形成氢键的石杉碱甲氨基氢及吡啶酮内酰胺氢的红外振动吸收的理论值与实验值差异较大 ,其原因是在晶体中存在分子间氢键 ,这不仅改变了这些氢在空间的取向 ,而且也改变了键的力学性质 ,导致红外振动吸收频率发生改变     

尿嘧啶及其5位取代物分子的指纹区间的非谐性振动特征

在B3LYP/6-311++G~(**)水平上利用振动二阶微扰理论对2-吡啶酮,尿嘧啶及其5-取代物:5-溴-尿嘧啶、5-氯-尿嘧啶、5-氟-尿嘧啶、5-三氟甲基-尿嘧啶、5-腈-尿嘧啶、5-羟基-尿嘧啶(排斥式和氢键式)、胸腺嘧啶分子做了非谐性计算,研究这些分子在1 600~1 850 cm-1指纹区间振动模式的非谐性频率,非谐性常数与取代基影响的关系,并计算了费米共振峰,用振动激子模型模拟了耦合常数.和2-吡啶酮中的C=O和C=C伸缩振动相比,不同的5位取代基引起嘧啶分子中C=O跃迁偶极矩波动,取代基的电负性使C=C伸缩的跃迁偶极矩增加,并使得嘧啶分子中C=O和C=C伸缩振动之间的相互作用值改变显著,跃迁偶极耦合常数值和跃迁振动电子立方密度充分说明电子相互作用对模式间的耦合起着关键作用.     

1-甲基胸腺嘧啶A-带结构动力学

获取了1-甲基胸腺嘧啶(MT)涵盖紫外光谱中A带和B带吸收的共5 个激发波长的共振拉曼光谱, 并结合密度泛函理论方法研究了MT的电子激发和Franck-Condon 区域结构动力学. 在TD-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)计算水平下, A带和B带吸收被分别指认为π_H→π_L^*/π_H-2→π_L+2^*和π_H→π_L+2^→/π_H-2→π_L^*跃迁. 甲基参与嘧啶环的共轭使MT的A带最大吸收波长λ_max相对于胸腺嘧啶(T)发生明显红移, 并对Franck-Condon区域的动态结构产生一定影响. A带和B带共振拉曼光谱分别被指认为14 个振动模式和11 个振动模式的基频、泛频和组合频. C5＝C6伸缩+C6H12面内弯曲振动v₉, 环变形振动v₁₆和N3C2N1反对称伸缩+C4C5C10反对称伸缩振动v₁₈占据了A带共振拉曼光谱强度的绝大部分. 这表明¹π_Hπ_L^*激发态结构动力学主要沿这些反应坐标展开. 考察了溶剂对共振拉曼光谱的影响, 结果表明, C4＝O9伸缩+N3H11面内弯曲振动v₈的活性与溶剂性质有关, 其激发态位移量随溶剂性质的变化规律与胸腺嘧啶一致.     

Iminopropadienethiones, Ar=N=C=C=C=S

Aryliminopropadienethiones 9 have been generated by flash vacuum thermolysis of isoxazolones of the type 5 and characterized by mass spectrometry and matrix isolation IR spectroscopy in conjunction with DFT calculations and chemical trapping.     

Chemistry of stable iminopropadienones, RN=C=C=C=O

The synthesis, spectroscopic properties, and chemical reactions of the stable (neopentylimino)-, (mesitylimino)-, and (o-tert-butylphenylimino)propadienones (6) are reported. Nucleophilic addition of amines affords the malonic amidoamidines 7 and 8. 3,5-Dimethylpyrazole reacts analogously to form 9b. Addition of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine produces pyrazolinones 10-12. Addition of N,N'-dimethyldiaminoethane, -propane, and -butane gives diazepine, diazocine, and diazonine derivatives 13-15, respectively (X-ray structures of 13c, 14a, and 15a are available). The mesoionic pyridopyrimidinium olates 18 are obtained by addition of 2-(methylamino)pyridine (X-ray structure of 18b available). Primary 2-aminopyridines afford the pyridopyrimidininones 20-29 and 31 (X-ray structure of 21a available), and 2-aminopyrimidines and 2-aminopyrazine afford pyrimidopyrimidinones and pyrazinopyrimidinones 33-35. Pyrimidoisoquinolinone 36 results from 1-aminoisoquinoline and pyridoquinolinone 40 from 8-aminoquinoline. 2-Aminothiazoline and 2-aminothiazole afford thiazolopyrimidinone derivatives 41-43 (X-ray structure of 43a available).     

Reaction of heterocumulenes R---N=C=N---R and R---P=C=P---R with a di-iron aminocarbene complex

Reaction of R---N=C=N---R (R=p-Me-C₆H₄) and R---P==C=P---R (R=2,4,6-^tBu₃C₆H₂) with the di-iron aminocarbene complex [Fe₂(CO)₇{1μ-C(Ph)C(NEt₂)}] (1c) gave corresponding complexes [Fe₂(CO)₆{C(Ph)C(NEt₂)C(NC₆H₄Me)N (C₆H₄Me)}] (2) and [Fe₂(CO)₆{C(Ph)C(NEt₂)C(PC₆H₂^tBu₃)P(C₆H₂^tBu₃)}] (4), resulting from a coupling reaction with carbon-carbon bond formation. [Fe₂(CO)₅(CNC₆H₄Me){C(Ph)C(NEt₂)N(C₆H₄Me)}], complex 3, obtained in the reaction with R---N=C=N---R, resulted from C=N bond rupture insertion of a nitrene fragment into the Fe=C bond. Complexes 2–4 were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The different geornetries of complexes 2 and 4 are discussed. The formation of these complexes may be explained by cycloaddition on the Fe =C metal-carbene bond.     

Volume parameters of some Diels-Alder reactions involving C=C,C=S,and N=N bonds

The effect of a hydrostatic pressure of up to 1000 kg cm⁻² on the rate constants of the Diels-Alder reactions of maleic anhydride with 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylcyclopentadiene and with 6,13-dichloropentacene, of 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione with hexachlorocyclopentadiene, and of thiobenzophenone with isoprene was studied at 25 °C. The volume parameters and ratios of the activation to reaction volumes make it possible to exclude electrostriction of the solvent during transition state solvation in all the reactions studied, which corresponds to the nonpolar nature of the transition state. Dedicated to Academician A. L. Buchachenko on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1973–1980, September, 2005.     

1,3-Digermacyclobutanes with exocyclic C=P and C=P=S double bonds

New 1,3-digermacyclobutanes, with two exocyclic C=PMes* bonds, and the corresponding first bis(methylenethioxo)phosphoranes with C=P(S)Mes* moieties have been synthesized.     

Reducing ability of supramolecular C60 dianion toward C=O, C=C and N-N bonds

Different from C60 dianion which readily reacts with electrophiles, supramolecular C60 dianion (2) generated from gamma-cyclodextrin-bicapped C60 (1) and NaBH4 (or diborate) in DMSO-H2O (9:1, v/v) is able to reduce N-N+, C=C-EWG and C=O bonds to provide the respective dihydro derivatives; 1-mediated reduction of acetophenone with NaBH4 in the presence of (Me2N)2CH2 and EtONa gives turn over frequency (TOF)/h of 400.     

Comparison of the kinetics and thermodynamics for methyl radical addition to C=C, C=O, and C=S double bonds

The barriers, enthalpies, and rate constants for the addition of methyl radical to the double bonds of a selection of alkene, carbonyl, and thiocarbonyl species (CH(2)=Z, CH(3)CH=Z, and (CH(3))(2)C=Z, where Z = CH(2), O, or S) and for the reverse beta-scission reactions have been investigated using high-level ab inito calculations. The results are rationalized with the aid of the curve-crossing model. The addition reactions proceed via early transition structures in all cases. The barriers for addition of methyl radical to C=C bonds are largely determined by the reaction exothermicities. Addition to the unsubstituted carbon center of C=C double bonds is favored over addition to the substituted carbon center, both kinetically (lower barriers) and thermodynamically (greater exothermicities). The barriers for addition to C=O bonds are influenced by both the reaction exothermicity and the singlet-triplet gap of the substrate. Addition to the carbon center is favored over addition to the oxygen, also both thermodynamically and kinetically. For the thiocarbonyl systems, addition to the carbon center is thermodynamically favored over addition to sulfur. However, in this case, the reaction is contrathermodynamic, addition to the sulfur center having a lower barrier due to spin density considerations. Entropic differences among corresponding addition and beta-scission reactions are relatively minor, and the differences in reaction rates are thus dominated by differences in the respective reaction barriers.     

Quantum-chemical study of manifestations of conjugation in molecules containing conjugated C=C and C=O bonds

Based on the MNDO calculations of the electronic structure of the molecules of acrolein, glyoxal, and butadiene, possible mechanisms of the conjugation in systems containing conjugated C=C and C=O bonds have been analyzed. In the electronic ground state ofs-trans-acrolein, the , -conjugation is very small, whereas in the first excited electronic state, the conjugation is substantial, In the ground state ofs-trans-glyoxal, the ,-conjugation should manifest itself clearly but should be weaker than in butadiene, whereas in the first excited electronic state, this conjugation should be more pronounced, Alternation of double and single bonds in the classic structural formula of a molecule does not ensure that this molecule exhibits the properties of a -conjugated system even in planar conformations.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1648–1652, July, 1996.