一步法水热合成 TiO2纳米线及其光催化性能

以钛酸丁酯和异丙醇为原料, 采用一步法在NaOH溶液中水解后直接进行水热反应, 经焙烧处理, 得到TiO2纳米线. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和能谱分析(EDX)对产物进行了形貌、结构及成分的表征. 考察了不同水热温度、碱液浓度、水热反应时间及焙烧温度等因素对产物的影响. 结果表明, 获得较好形貌TiO2纳米线的最佳水热温度、碱液浓度和水热反应时间分别是180 ℃, 10 mol/L和24 h. 所得TiO2纳米线焙烧至950 ℃时仍为锐钛矿相, 说明本文制备方法迟滞了TiO2纳米线由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变. 以甲基橙为目标降解物, 采用紫外-可见分光光度计研究了未掺杂和铕掺杂TiO2纳米线(Eu-TiO2)的光催化性能. 结果显示, 最佳掺铕量(摩尔分数)为1.6%. 在300 W紫外灯照射60 min时, 此掺铕量的TiO2纳米线对甲基橙溶液的降解率是未掺杂样品的1.5倍.     

电场对TiO2纳米膜光催化性能的影响

 以泡沫镍为基材,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2纳米膜光催化剂. 在自制外加电场光催化反应装置中,对催化剂施加一定的偏电压,研究了甲基橙溶液的光电催化降解反应,考察了偏压极性、阳极偏压和甲基橙初始溶液浓度等对降解效率的影响,并比较了光电催化与光催化、光解对甲基橙溶液降解的差异. 结果表明,外加阳极偏压形成的电场可以较大幅度提高甲基橙溶液的降解效率. 从半导体和量子力学理论出发探讨了电场促进光催化反应的作用机理.     

柔性不锈钢基底上一维TiO_2纳米线薄膜的制备及表征

采用直流磁控溅射的方法在柔性不锈钢基底(50μm)上沉积纯钛薄膜,后在NaOH碱溶液中经水热法制备了非钛基大长径比的一维TiO2纳米线薄膜,并通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及光电化学的方法对不锈钢基一维TiO2纳米线薄膜进行了表征.结果表明,纯钛薄膜的致密度、结晶性能以及与基底的结合强度均随衬底温度的升高而加强;在10mol·L-1NaOH浓度下,生长一维TiO2纳米线结构的适宜温度为130-150℃;TiO2纳米线长度达到几个微米,直径在10-30nm之间,并且相互交叉生长,构成一个三维网络结构.此外,在Na2SO4溶液中对TiO2纳米线薄膜进行了线性扫描和瞬态光电流测试,结果表明,一维TiO2纳米线薄膜电极较TiO2纳米颗粒电极表现出更优异的光电化学性能.这种磁控溅射与水热反应相结合的方法,为非钛异质基底上制备一维TiO2纳米线薄膜提供了新的思路.     

污水处理时微弧放电催化过程中多能场的协同效应

 以Ti为阳极研究了微弧放电对污水的处理效果,发现放电条件下对甲基橙的脱色效果显著. 在H3PO4电解液(0.3 mol/L)中,峰值电压为550 V、 脉冲频率为300 Hz、 占空比为1/180、 阳极电极面积为25 mm×50 mm条件下, 60 min内甲基橙溶液(600 ml, 20 mg/L)的脱色率可达94%. XRD结果显示,放电中Ti阳极上形成的陶瓷层为锐钛矿型TiO2. 光谱结果表明,电极表面微弧的波长为300～350 nm. 这说明该放电体系中存在光催化、电催化和类似超声的冲击波催化的反应条件. 以Ti阳极陶瓷层为催化剂进行的对照实验表明,单独进行光催化、电催化和声催化反应对甲基橙溶液的脱色效果不明显. 通过机理分析认为, Ti阳极上的微弧放电是以等离子体催化为主要作用方式,并在放电环境中形成多能场的协同作用,实现对有机物降解.     

多孔阵列TiO2/Ti的光电催化性能

以聚苯乙烯微球(PS)阵列为模板, 溶胶浸渍法制得负载于钛基的多孔阵列二氧化钛材料TiO2/Ti, 用SEM和XRD分析其表面形貌和晶相组成. 将此多孔材料用作电极, 研究其间歇光照开路电位谱和光电流谱, 催化降解甲基橙以及催化析氢反应等光电催化性能. 结果表明, 在光电协同作用下多孔阵列TiO2/Ti具有很高的催化活性, 2.5 h内对甲基橙的降解率达到87.1%, 5.0 h高达97.9%, 反应表观速率常数为0.77 h-1;光照作用可以使析氢电位降低0.13 V.     

多孔阵列TiO2/Ti的光电催化性能

以聚苯乙烯微球(PS)阵列为模板,溶胶浸渍法制得负载于钛基的多孔阵列二氧化钛材料TiO2/Ti,用SEM和XRD分析其表面形貌和晶相组成.将此多孔材料用作电极,研究其间歇光照开路电位谱和光电流谱,催化降解甲基橙以及催化析氢反应等光电催化性能.结果表明,在光电协同作用下多孔阵列TiO2/Ti具有很高的催化活性,2.5 h内对甲基橙的降解率达到87.1%,5.0 h高达97.9%,反应表观速率常数为0.77 h-1;光照作用可以使析氢电位降低0.13 V.     

Ru-TiO_2光电极的研制与性能研究

采用阳极氧化法制备Ru-TiO2光电极,通过紫外-可见漫反射吸收(UV-Vis-DRS)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和交流阻抗(EIS)对光电极的性能进行表征,探讨了氧化电压、煅烧温度、钌掺杂量的影响。结果表明:Ru掺杂后TiO2结晶更完全,光吸收强度明显提高。在HF电解液中,阳极氧化制备Ru-TiO2光电极的最佳条件为:氧化电压为20V,热处理温度600℃,钌掺杂量1%。不同条件Ru-TiO2光电极对甲基橙溶液进行脱色效果依次为:光电催化光催化电催化。     

氧化锌纳米棒的水热合成及其光催化性能

以分析纯ZnO作为锌源、NaOH为矿化剂、盐酸为反应溶液pH调节剂,利用水热反应制备了花状ZnO纳米棒;采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了产物的形貌和结构,考察了水热温度以及Zn2+和OH-浓度比对产物形貌的影响;以甲基橙为目标降解物,采用紫外-可见分光光度计研究了ZnO纳米棒的光催化性能.结果表明,在水热反应温度80℃、Zn2+/OH-浓度比1∶7.5条件下所得ZnO纳米棒呈花状聚合,直径约为200nm,长度约为2μm,具有六方纤锌矿结构.当甲基橙初始浓度为30 mg.L-1、ZnO纳米棒的投放量为1.5g.L-1时,以300W紫外灯照射150min,甲基橙的降解率可达90%.     

水热法制备三维网状TiO2纳米线薄膜及其光电化学性能

为了构建纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)的特殊结构以提高TiO2纳米材料的光催化性能, 利用水热法在钛箔表面制备了三维网络结构的TiO2纳米线薄膜(W-film). 通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)仪对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, 三维网络TiO2纳米线薄膜是由大量非定向生长的锐钛矿型纳米线组成, 直径为10-30 nm, 长度大于5 μm. 利用紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)对W-film 进行光学性能研究, 结果表明在350-700 nm波长范围内W-film的吸光度均大于TiO2纳米粒子(P25)薄膜(P-film)的吸收度, 同时吸收带边发生红移, 且吸光度随水热时间增加而增加. 进一步在Na2SO4溶液中研究了W-film的光电化学性能, 结果表明其光电化学性能较P-film优异. 并以甲基橙为目标降解物考察了W-film的光催化性能. 在相同测试条件下, W-film光催化降解甲基橙的速率是P-film的2.3倍, 展示了良好的应用前景. 这种复合W-film电极兼有柔性和可外加电场的双重优点, 拓展了TiO2薄膜的应用领域.     

Fe2O3/TiO2纳米管的制备及其光电催化降解染料废水性能

采用阴极电沉积和阳极氧化法制备了Fe2O3改性TiO2纳米管(Fe2O3/TiO2-NTs)电极,运用场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射和紫外-可见漫反射光谱等手段对其进行了表征,考察了其光电化学性能,并研究了复合电极光电催化降解甲基橙染料废水的反应性能.结果表明,Fe2O3的负载成功地将TiO2-NTs的光响应区间拓宽到可见光区域,Fe2O3/TiO2-NTs复合电极的光电流密度达到TiO2-NTs电极的3倍.在光电催化反应中,Fe2O3/TiO2-NTs复合电极对甲基橙的脱色效果明显优于TiO2-NTs电极,以Fe2O3/TiO2-NTs为阳极,光照5min,甲基橙溶液的脱色率可达90%以上.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.