GC-MS法快速测定茶叶中脂肪酸

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)快速分析茶叶脂肪酸的新方法.对23批茶叶样品进行GC-MS分析,结合NIST 05谱库检索鉴定茶叶脂肪酸种类,并用峰面积归一化法测定其相对含量,比较不同加工方式的茶叶脂肪酸含量.结果表明,所有茶样中亚麻酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸含量最高,但绿茶和青茶脂肪酸含量高于发酵处理的红茶和黑茶.方法可以用于分析各种茶叶的脂肪酸,反映不同种类茶叶的性质差异.     

聚糖联乙炔类脂仿生膜与大肠杆菌的识别作用研究

生物膜是生物进化的产物.生物膜中的脂类(糖脂、磷脂、胆固醇)的组成极为复杂,种类敏多,分子结构也各不相同,但全部属于极性分子,即在分子中都含有一个亲水头部基团和一个疏水尾部基团.     

石榴籽中脂肪酸成分分析

采用两种方法对石榴籽中的脂肪酸进行了甲酯化,所得脂肪酸甲酯经GC-MS分析.方法一共检测出14种脂肪酸,主成分为油酸、亚油酸、山嵛酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和二十碳烯酸;方法二共检测出24种脂肪酸,主成分为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山嵛酸、油酸、亚油酸、二十碳烯酸等.其中的山嵛酸等多种饱和脂肪酸均为首次从石榴籽中鉴定出.     

气相色谱-质谱分析新种海绵Reniochalina sp.中的低极性组分

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）与核磁共振氢谱（1H-NMR）相结合的方法,对中国黄海肾指海绵属新种海绵Reniochalina sp.中的低极性组分进行了研究。实验首先采用环己烷对海绵进行提取,然后将提取液浓缩,用硅胶柱对其进行柱色谱分离。取乙酸乙酯-环己烷（体积比为1∶9）混合液梯度洗脱所得油状物用于连续两次制备色谱分离,得到两个样品,对其进行1H-NMR及GC-MS分析。此次实验共从该海绵中分离鉴定出10种链烃、2种脂肪酸、2种脂肪酸酯、邻苯二甲酸以及3种邻苯二甲酸二酯共18种化学成分。该研     

基于亲水作用色谱和反相色谱四极杆-飞行时间质谱技术的水稻叶片代谢轮廓分析

采用四极杆-飞行时间液相色谱-质谱联用(Q-TOF LC/MS)方法,比较不同提取方法对水稻叶片中代谢物提取结果的影响,建立了HSS T3和XBridge Amide相结合的水稻叶片代谢轮廓分析方法。以检出峰数目、初步鉴定的代谢物数量、种类以及代谢途径为指标,探讨了甲醇-氯仿-水,甲醇-氯仿-氨水,甲醇-甲基叔丁基醚-水3种提取方法和不同色谱系统对水稻叶片中代谢物提取及分离的效果。结果表明,甲醇-氯仿-水对水稻叶片中代谢物的检出覆盖率最高,提取到的独有代谢物最多,分别为苯甲酸、木樨草素、α-亚麻酸、乌头酸、赤霉素A12醛、异牧荆素、L-谷氨酸;HSS T3和XBridge Amide色谱柱同时应用实现了对极性不同的代谢物较全面的检测,初步鉴定到16种有机酸、17种核苷酸、21种氨基酸、66种脂肪酸、11种磷脂、7种鞘脂,XBridge Amide在分离检测磷脂和鞘脂类化合物方面具有明显优势;鉴定到的代谢物所涉及的代谢途径为嘌呤代谢、嘧啶代谢、三羧酸循环、精氨酸代谢、脂肪酸代谢、磷脂代谢、鞘脂代谢、苯丙氨酸代谢以及维生素B2的合成。两种色谱柱初步鉴定到的代谢物和涉及的代谢途径均存在一定的互补性,本方法可望用于水稻代谢表型的差异性研究。     

利用特征中性丢失和非靶向液相色谱－质谱联用技术鉴定烟草中的糖苷成分

烟草中的糖苷化合物是非常重要的香气前体物质,了解糖苷化合物的种类和结构对于烟草的种植和加工均有重要意义。该文基于糖苷化合物在质谱分析中的特征中性丢失和非靶向液相色谱－质谱分析技术,建立了一种对烟草中糖苷化合物进行筛选和鉴别的方法。共筛选出60种糖苷化合物,其中糖元部分主要由己糖、脱氧己糖或两者的二糖或三糖组成。对苷元的二级质谱碎片离子进行了详细的结构解析,结合文献资料和现有数据库共鉴定出酚酸类、黄酮类、生物碱类、萜烯类、固醇脂类及神经酰胺类苷元共23种结合态糖苷化合物。所发现的糖苷化合物种类丰富,为后续研究烟草的香气成分及其影响因素提供了重要的物质基础。     

基于脂肪酸差异的肉制品中猪源性成分鉴别方法的研究

建立了肉制品中脂肪酸的分析检测技术,通过分析脂肪酸含量、种类以及片段特征指纹图谱,实现了基于脂肪酸差异的肉制品中猪源性成分的鉴别。采用气相色谱法测定了大量肉制品,利用保留时间和质谱鉴定了36种脂肪酸成分,选取较为稳定的18种脂肪酸数据进行统计分析,确定不同油脂脂肪酸的差异,结合特征图谱,最终确定可用于鉴别猪源性成分的8种脂肪酸。该方法可用于确定肉制品中是否含有猪源性成分,方法简单、快速、成本低,辨别度较高,在猪源性成分鉴别中具有一定的应用前景。     

甲酸处理对微藻油脂提取的影响

采用易于回收的有机酸处理微藻细胞,以微藻Chlorella protothecoides为原料,系统研究了甲酸处理对微藻油脂提取的影响.结果表明,甲酸能有效破碎微藻细胞,最终油脂得率和脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)得率均与传统无机酸热法相当.甲酸浓度、温度和处理时间对油脂提取有显著影响.当甲酸浓度为88%,液固比为6 m L/g,100℃下处理30 min,Chlorella protothecoides油脂得率为49.2%,FAME得率高达92.1%.甲酸处理提取到的微藻油脂脂肪酸组成与无机酸热法结果无明显区别.Chlorella protothecoides油脂主要含有5种脂肪酸,其中C18∶1含量最高.实验还考察了甲酸处理对Nannochlorum sp和Nannochloropsis oceanic的适用性,结果表明,对于不同微藻原料,甲酸处理提取到的微藻油脂得率和FAME得率均与无机酸热法结果相当.     

质谱特征结合等效链长定性分析植物油中的脂肪酸

建立了质谱特征结合等效链长快速定性植物油中脂肪酸的方法。首先根据质谱特征判断脂肪酸的类型并鉴定出其中的饱和脂肪酸甲酯,然后利用它们的保留时间信息计算得到不饱和脂肪酸甲酯的等效链长值,与已建立的脂肪酸甲酯数据库对照实现不饱和脂肪酸甲酯的结构鉴定。用NaOH-甲醇对5种常见植物油(花生调和油、茶籽调和油、菜籽油、葵花籽油、大豆油)中的脂肪酸进行衍生和提取,采用DB-23石英毛细管柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm)分离脂肪酸甲酯的同系物和异构体,气相色谱质谱法(GC/MS)测定,结果表明,5种样品油中所含不饱和脂肪酸的组成和含量上均存在明显差异。本方法无需标准品即可快速定性检测脂肪酸同系物及异构体,适用于油脂、食品中脂肪酸的成分分析。     

气相色谱-质谱测定红树植物桐花树叶中的挥发油和脂肪酸的组成

采用气相色谱-质谱联用分析法,分析测定了红树植物桐花树AegicerasCorniculatum叶子中挥发油和脂肪酸的成分.结果表明:挥发油中分离出24个峰,鉴定出8种化合物,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚含量丰富,占挥发油总量的20.60%;脂肪酸中分离出16个峰,鉴定出10种脂肪酸,其中主要成分有十六酸(棕榈酸,16.17%)、9,12-十八碳二烯酸(亚油酸,25.73%)、9-十八碳烯酸(油酸,41.52%)等.     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Synthesis of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Glycofuranosides and Their Biochemical and Biological Activities in Cell-Free and Cellular Assays

Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HOT) and their glycosides are promising candidates for applications in functional food products or in complementary therapy. A series of phenylethanoid glycofuranosides (PEGFs) were synthesized to compare some of their biochemical and biological activities with T and HOT. The optimization of glycosylation promoted by environmentally benign basic zinc carbonate was performed to prepare HOT α-L-arabino-, β-D-apio-, and β-D-ribofuranosides. T and HOT β-D-fructofuranosides, prepared by enzymatic transfructosylation of T and HOT, were also included in the comparative study. The antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective potential of T, HOT, and PEGFs on plasmid DNA were determined using cell-free assays. The DNA-damaging potential of the studied compounds for human hepatoma HepG2 cells and their DNA-protective potential on HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide were evaluated using the comet assay. Experiments revealed a spectrum of different activities of the studied compounds. HOT and HOT β-D-fructofuranoside appear to be the best-performing scavengers and protectants of plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells. T and T β-D-fructofuranoside display almost zero or low scavenging/antioxidant activity and protective effects on plasmid DNA or HepG2 cells. The results imply that especially HOT β-D-fructofuranoside and β-D-apiofuranoside could be considered as prospective molecules for the subsequent design of supplements with potential in food and health protection.