大肠癌组织棕榈酰化修饰蛋白的组学分析

蛋白质棕榈酰化修饰在大肠癌的发生、发展和转移等过程中发挥了重要作用。本研究采用改进的酰基-生物素交换方法(Acyl-biotinyl exchange, ABE),对大肠癌组织中的棕榈酰化修饰蛋白进行富集,并利用蛋白质组学技术对富集的蛋白进行分析鉴定。结果共鉴定出213种高可信度(+HA/-HA>3)的棕榈酰化修饰蛋白,包括烯醇化酶1、过氧化物氧化还原酶、波形蛋白、线粒体苹果酸脱氢酶、核异质性核糖核蛋白K、分子伴侣复合体蛋白1等,并以烯醇化酶1棕榈酰化修饰为例,采用蛋白质印迹技术对其进行了验证。本研究对经典的ABE方法进行了改进,降低了非特异性背景信号,大肠癌癌组织中的棕榈酰化修饰蛋白的鉴定分析结果可为进一步研究特定肿瘤相关蛋白分子的棕榈酰化修饰调控的分子机制、精准发现大肠癌肿瘤标志物或分子靶点提供新思路。     

A型流感病毒血凝素蛋白S-棕榈酰化修饰的质谱分析

蛋白质S-棕榈酰化修饰是指棕榈酸分子通过硫酯键共价结合在蛋白质分子的半胱氨酸( S)的巯基侧链上,是蛋白质脂类修饰的重要形式之一,在细胞信号转导、代谢等过程中起着重要作用。本实验首先利用酰基-生物素置换反应,将A型流感病毒血凝素蛋白上的S-棕榈酸分子转换为含有生物素( Buotun)分子的标签。生物素标记蛋白经特异性富集、电泳分离纯化后,进行胶内水解。再利用质谱技术对水解混合物进行分析。结果表明,经酰基-生物素置换方法处理A型流感病毒裂解产物后,蛋白质耦联生物素的浓度(羟胺处理,＋Hydroxylamune)与空白对照组(未加羟胺处理,-Hydroxylamune)的比值大于3;对经富集后的流感病毒血凝素蛋白进行了质谱分析,鉴定了 A 型的两个 S-棕榈酰化修饰位点,分别位于蛋白羧基末端的 Cys562和Cys565。本研究为大规模研究S-棕榈酰化修饰蛋白提供了一种特异、有效的分析方法。     

奇异变形杆菌中赖氨酸-2-羟基异丁酰化蛋白的分析

蛋白质的赖氨酸修饰广泛参与基因调控、转录、代谢等重要的生物过程。在真核细胞组蛋白上发现了一种新的赖氨酸修饰--2-羟基异丁酰化,这种修饰对于生殖细胞分化具有调控功能。该研究旨在探索这种修饰在原核生物非组蛋白中的特征。通过亲和富集、高效液相色谱-串联质谱鉴定和生物信息学分析,在奇异变形杆菌中鉴定到大量未见报道的2-羟基异丁酰化蛋白及其位点,进而考察了原核生物中2-羟基异丁酰化修饰蛋白的分布特征、分子网络和通路特点。研究表明,赖氨酸-2-羟基异丁酰化在原核生物中具有广泛的分布,其生物学意义值得进一步研究。     

硫肽类抗生素化学半合成修饰研究进展

硫肽类抗生素是一类由微生物次级代谢产生、富含硫元素并且氨基酸残基被高度修饰的核糖体肽类天然产物. 硫肽类抗生素具有包括抗感染、抗肿瘤和免疫抑制在内的一系列十分重要的生物活性, 并且其以核糖体为靶点的作用机制与目前临床上普遍使用的抗生素均不同, 这使得硫肽类抗生素发展潜力巨大, 但是其水溶性差、生物利用度低等问题限制了它们在临床上的应用. 为了提高硫肽类抗生素的理化性质, 研究者尝试用化学半合成、组合生物合成以及前体导向突变生物合成等方法对硫肽类抗生素的结构进行修饰. 硫肽类抗生素本身具有的复杂结构为其化学半合成修饰提供了众多的可修饰位点. 近年来, 对于硫肽类抗生素的化学半合成修饰研究发展迅速. 综述了近十年通过化学半合成修饰方法获得的硫肽类抗生素类似物的研究进展.     

可离去和/或可修饰导向基团辅助的C—H键官能化反应研究进展

过渡金属催化的导向基团辅助的C—H键官能团化反应是当前有机化学的研究热点之一.近年来,利用可离去和/或可修饰导向基团进行C—H键官能团化反应正受到化学家的特别关注并且发展迅速.借助可离去或可修饰导向基团,不但能够大大扩展可利用的碳氢底物,而且对于快速构建分子多样性具有重要作用.作者按不同杂原子(氮、氧、硫、硅等)导向基团进行分类,全面综述了近年来关于可离去和/或可修饰导向基团辅助的各种C—H键官能团化反应的研究进展及合成应用.最后,对该领域所存在的问题和局限性进行了总结,并对今后的发展方向作了展望.     

修饰组学:解析修饰生物分子功能

基因的时空表达通过转录、翻译和蛋白翻译后修饰这3个层面进行调控.目前在基因组DNA、RNA和蛋白质上发现了丰富的化学修饰.这些化学修饰被认为是调控基因时空表达的另一种新机制.截至目前,在核酸和蛋白质中已经分别发现了超过150和400种不同类型的修饰,阐明这些修饰的生理功能有助于促进对生命体调控机理和运行机制的认识和理解.包括基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学在内的组学研究已经蓬勃发展了几十年.鉴于DNA、RNA和蛋白质上含有丰富多样和具有调控作用的化学修饰,本文从修饰和组学的角度提出了新的概念:修饰组学.修饰组学主要是指对DNA修饰、RNA修饰和蛋白质修饰的系统和综合研究.本综述通过介绍DNA、RNA和蛋白质上的化学修饰,总结了它们的生物学功能,探讨了修饰之间的相互作用从而阐释修饰组学,希望为DNA、RNA和蛋白质修饰提供一个系统的蓝图,并促进对其功能的研究.     

硫代四配位磷化物与邻氨基酚反应

在三乙胺存在下,多种硫代磷酰二氯与邻氨基酚反应,经磷硫双键断开并以σ键与磷相连的基团被置换下来等过程,最终生成双环五配位磷化物.苯基硫代环膦酸酯与邻氨基酚反应分别生成螺环五配位磷化物.苯氧基或烷氧基硫代环磷酸酯与邻氨基酚反应,除磷硫键断裂以及苯氧基、烷氧基被置换外,还发生邻亚氨基苯氧基与邻苯二氧基进行相互交换反应.这些反应机理依据磷原子的电负性,氢质子的活泼性以及P-X键的稳定性进行了讨论.     

基于金纳米粒子/聚阿魏酸/多壁碳纳米管修饰电极的DNA计时库仑法生物传感器的制备

构建了基于金纳米粒子/聚阿魏酸/多壁碳纳米管(AuNPs/PFA/MWCNTs)修饰电极的DNA计时库仑法生物传感器.利用循环伏安技术在多壁碳管修饰的玻碳电极表面上聚合一层阿魏酸,在恒电位条件下,在阿魏酸表面沉积金纳米粒子,巯基DNA作为探针通过金硫键固定在金纳米粒子表面.电化学交流阻抗技术(EIS)与扫描电镜(SEM...     

了解蛋白质棕榈基化：生物学意义和酶学

蛋白质的棕榈基化反应是一个在生物体中广泛存在的脂化修饰反应.在这一过程中,目标蛋白中的一个或多个半胱氨酸通过硫酯键被共价修饰上长链棕榈基团.这一反应具有可逆性,因而赋予了它在棕榈基化和去棕榈基化的循环中调控目标蛋白在细胞内功能的能力.棕榈基化反应是由棕榈基转移酶催化进行,研究表明,一些神经系统疾病以及癌症都与棕榈基转移酶中的变异有重要关联.本文主要总结介绍棕榈基化在生物系统的重要作用、具备棕榈基转移催化活性的蛋白家族以及近年来研究棕榈基转移酶催化机理的方法.     

双功能交联分子对生物大分子DNA磷酸骨架的修饰

利用DNA分子在水溶液中解离出的阴离子通过亲核取代反应亲核进攻重氮基乙酸叔丁酯的易离去基团重氮基来完成对DNA磷酸骨架的修饰。我们用NMR(31P)与琼脂糖凝胶电泳对结果进行表征,结果表明,DNA磷酸骨架上部分磷原子的羟基被重氮基乙酸叔丁酯修饰。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.