基于模式分离的兰姆波逆时偏移成像

应用频率域逆时偏移方法实现各向同性和各向异性板中缺陷的兰姆波成像.由于缺陷引起的多模态散射信号会在重建图像中形成伪像,根据基本导波模式振动对称性的差别进行了模式分离预处理.基于多元阵列超声技术,开展了铝板和复合板内缺陷频率域逆时偏移超声成像方法的数值仿真研究.首先,建立有限元模型,采用环形传感器数值采集由缺陷引起的兰姆波散射信号,然后,将采集到的多模式散射信号进行模式分离处理,再将模式分离后的兰姆波散射信号经时间反转后并在相应的接收器处重新激励,在频域中运用格林函数反向传播兰姆波散射信号,获取监测区域的声场信息,与正向传播声场进行互相关,重建缺陷图像.首先对铝板中单缺陷以及复合材料板中相邻的两个相同缺陷进行数值仿真,对比有无模式分离处理的缺陷逆时偏移成像效果,体现出模式分离的重要性.在此基础上,采用逆时偏移方法对复合板材内位置邻近、深度不同的双缺陷进行识别.数值结果表明,模式分离预处理后的缺陷重建图像能够有效去除多模式干扰产生的伪像.文中提出的成像方法对各向同性板和各向异性板内缺陷的检测和成像具有很好的发展潜力,可以准确地探测多个缺陷的形状、尺寸和深度.     

Simulation of Lamb wave reflections at plate edges using the semi-analytical finite element method

In typical Lamb wave simulation practices, effects of plate edge reflections are often not considered in order to simplify the wave signal interpretations. Methods that are based on infinite plates such as the semi-analytical finite element method is effective in simulating Lamb waves as it excludes the effect of plate edges. However, the inclusion of plate edges in a finite plate could render this method inapplicable, especially for transient response simulations. Here, by applying the ratio of Lamb mode reflections at plate edges, and representing the reflection at plate edges using infinite plate solutions, the semi-analytical finite element method can be applied for transient response simulation, even when the plate is no longer infinite.     

Phased array for millimeter wave frequencies

A phased array is presented at a frequency of 70 GHz, consisting of a corporate feed, ferrite phase shifters and dielectric rod antennas. Metal waveguides were utilized to construct the feed network, whereas a special dielectric waveguide structure was employed for the ferrite phase shifter and dielectric rod antenna. Beam scanning can be performed electronically controlled in the horizontal plane.     

非线性兰姆波在阶梯板中传播的有限元仿真

在非线性兰姆波检测中,累积二次谐波是重要的检测信号.该文利用有限元法仿真了非线性兰姆波在阶梯板中的产生和传播过程,通过二维离散傅里叶变换分析了兰姆波的传播模态和各个模态通过波导横截面的能流大小,给出了各个模态在阶梯板中的反射、透射系数,总结了其随阶梯板厚度的变化规律.研究发现,随着台阶增高,散射效应使得兰姆波更难入射波...     

一种评价固体板材表面性质的非线性超声兰姆波方法

在基频与二倍频兰姆波相速度匹配但群速度失配的条件下, 通过选择适当的兰姆波二次谐波时域信号的测量起止时间, 可完全扣除换能器对二次谐波积分振幅测量所带来的影响。本文提出采用兰姆波二次谐波的积分振幅作为评价参量, 以实现对板材表面性质的准确评价。当板材表面性质发生改变时, 原本在理想表面条件下成立的基频与二倍频兰姆波相速度匹配的条件不再严格满足, 这将显著地影响到兰姆波的二次谐波发生效率, 相应的二次谐波积分振幅随表面性质的改变也将发生非常敏感的单调变化。实验结果表明,利用扣除换能器影响之后所测得的兰姆波二次谐波的积分振幅,可对板材表面性质的变化情况进行准确评价。     

基于赛利斯模型和分数阶微分的兰姆波信号消噪

为降低噪声对超声兰姆波检测信号的影响,提高信噪比和增加特征提取的精度,提出了一种赛利斯模型下分数阶微分方法用于超声兰姆波信号去噪.该方法对含噪声的兰姆波信号幅值谱进行各阶分数微分,用赛利斯分布作为待处幅值谱的模型,提出了幅值谱分数阶微分最大值和过零点与微分阶数的拟合三次关系式,建立了幅值谱特征参数的计算式来提取特征参数和重建原始信号的幅值谱,并结合相位谱重构去噪后的兰姆波信号.仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效地提高兰姆波信号甚至微弱兰姆波信号的信噪比,同时降低均方误差和平滑度.实验结果显示,与小波去噪和集合经验模态去噪方法相比,该方法在没有信号先验知识的情况下,可以更有效地去除兰姆波信号的噪声,同时更好地保留主信号的细节特征.因此,本文提出的方法可以有效地去除兰姆波检测信号中混入的噪声.     

利用体声波微流阱阵列捕获微米级颗粒

提出了一种利用体声波微流阱在三维流体空间中捕获微米级颗粒的方法,制备了2种体声波微流阱阵列,并采用有限元法进行仿真计算,求解方程得到一阶声场、二阶声场,仿真分析了聚苯乙烯微粒在流场中的运动情况。实验结果显示体声波微流阱能够快速、高效捕获三维流体空间中的微米级颗粒,实验结果与仿真结果吻合良好,圆柱型体声波微流阱与圆孔型体声波微流阱都能在几十秒内捕获三维空间中的微粒,且圆柱型体声波微流阱的捕获效率比圆孔型体声波微流阱高。该方法突破了声表面波微流阱无法操控三维空间中的微粒的局限,提高了捕获微粒的效率。     

Determination of gyrotron wave beam parameters

The output radiation of a gyrotron has the form close to the Gaussian beam. Knowing parameters of the wave beam along its way from a gyrotron to an object permits one to optimize the transmission losses. By this, the structure of the wave beam can be recorded with an infrared camera in several cross-sections of the beam. Real gyrotron wave beam is approximated with high precision by the Gaussian beam.     

Vacuum-deposited wave-guiding layers on STW resonators based on LiTaO3 substrate as love wave sensors for chemical and biochemical sensing in liquids

A promising approach to apply the Love wave concept to commercially available low-loss surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices of the type Murata SAF 380 is presented. Thin wave-guiding layers of variable thickness are coated on the piezoelectric substrate of the devices. Two different layer materials were used: sputtered SiO₂ and a new polymer in this field, parylene C (poly-[2-chloro-p-xylylene]). Insertion loss, resonance frequency, frequency changes during protein precipitation and noise of the devices are discussed as a function of the thickness of the wave-guiding layer. It is demonstrated that the application of an optimized wave-guiding layer increases the sensitivity. When using SiO₂ as wave-guiding layer, an optimum layer thickness of 4 μm leads to a detection limit of 1.7 pg/mm². Therefore, the detection limit is improved by factor 7.7 as compared to uncoated SAW devices. Parylene-coated devices reach a detection limit of 2.9 pg/mm² at an optimum layer thickness of 0.5 μm. This corresponds to an improvement by factor 4.3. As the SAW devices used in this study are commercially available at low costs, applying appropriate wave-guiding layers permits an application as chemical or biochemical sensors with excellent sensitivities. Moreover, parylene-coated devices combine the sensitivity increase by excitation of Love waves with an excellent protective effect against corrosive attacks by the surrounding medium. Therefore, these sensors are most suitable for biosensing in conducting buffer solutions.