费米子动力学对称群的玻色子实现

将费米子动力学对称模型扩展为包含较高角动量费米子对,一般导致的动力学对称群是SO(4i+2)或者SP(4k+2),本文讨论它们精确的Dyson玻色子映像表示以及泡利原理在玻色子映像中的体现问题.     

代与额外Z0玻色子数的关系

三代标准模型的费米子不可能与一个额外的Z⁰玻色子在一个大统一模型中.包括三代费米的最小的大统一模型将包括两个额外Z⁰玻色子Georgi的关于重Dirac费米子的议论得到一个实现方式,这些就是新增加的费米子(不是bizarre的).Frampton的SU(9)与SU(7)模型在现有标度下的费米子是相同的.在这个破缺方式下质子衰变的困难可解决.     

只带一种基本标量粒子的轻子-夸克复合模型

我们提出一个包括两种基本费米子和一种基本标量粒子的轻子-夸克复合模型. 其中, 基本费米子无质量并且不带色, 基本标量粒子是色的三重态. SU(3)_H定域规范作用将基本粒子束缚成轻子、夸克和弱玻色子等复合粒子. 轻子是由三个基本费米子组成的三体复合粒子, 夸克由一个基本费米子和一个基本标量粒子组成. 本模型基本粒子的数目较少, 存在为数不多的exotic粒子. 解释了轻子-夸克的对称性. 弱作用是超色单态之间的一种短距剩余作用, 它只在复合层次出现. 通过动力学对称破缺破坏了宇称守恒.     

一个具有三代家族的夸克和轻子的复合模型

为了解释家族问题,本文提出了一个具有SU(3)_sc×SU(6)规范对称的夸克和轻子的复合模型.组成夸克和轻子的成份(preon)是两类无质量自旋为1/2的费米子.运用费米原理于超色单态的preon复合体系,可以产生与实验观测以及宇宙大爆炸理论预言符合的三代轻的夸克和轻子家族.弱玻色子也是由同一组preon组成的复合粒子.弱相互作用不是preon层次的基本相互作用.在preon能标,没有质子衰变的困难.     

有效价核子对数的微观意义初探

首次交有效玻色子数与费米子动力学对称模型(FDSM)的“有效”价核子对数,即正常宇称轨道上的价核子对数相对应.提出了一种计算过渡区——轻稀土区核的“有效”价核子对数亦即有效玻色子数的新方法.     

质子-中子相互作用玻色子模型SU(3)算法与简单应用

质子-中子相互作用玻色子模型(简称IBM-2)具有很好的壳模型微观基础,是描述中重质量偶偶核结构的标准模型之一.对比早期建立在弱耦合U(5)基底的NPBOS算法,本文介绍基于弱耦合SU(3)基底求解IBM-2模型哈密顿量的新算法结构,通过举例典型相互作用项在SU(3)基底下矩阵元说明如何利用SU(3)群代数技术求解IB...     

额外的Z~0玻色子和质子衰变的困难

本文讨论了如果第二个不太重的Z~0玻色子存在,弱、电、强单纯群的统一理论的情况.建议一个既包含第二个Z~0,又保持标准模型的结果,并能克服SU(5)大统一理论中质子衰变困难的四个破缺标度的方案,从标准模型的色和味的角度看,这个方案不存在bizarre的费米子.最后将它推广到整个单纯李群里去.     

两类复合模型中夸克和轻子的家族问题

为了解决夸克和轻子的家族问题, 本文提出两类SU(3)_sc×SU(N)复合模型(模型A和B). 基本组元preon是两种无质量自旋1/2的费米子. 应用费米原理于三个preon超色单态复合体系, 得到了符合模型要求(同一个来自SU(N)的相同表示并按水平规范群的相同表示变换)的各种SU_sc×SU(N)模型包含的夸克和轻子家族数. 其中, 模型A的SU(3)_sc×SU(6)和SU(3)_sc×SU(5)分别预言了三代和五代轻的夸克和轻子家族.     

(2+1)维SU(2)四费米子耦合理论的Ward-Takahashi恒等式和质量谱

本文利用含复合场的Ward-Takahashi恒等式研究了(2+1)维SU(2)四费米子耦合的理论.在SU(2)手征对称性既有明显破缺又有动力学破缺时,得到了动力学所生成的费米子质量和束缚态的谱性质,并讨论了矢量流和轴矢流的性质.结果表明:束缚态π_α获得了质量并得到轴矢流部分守恒的结论;当费米子的流质量较小时,Goldberger-Treiman关系近似成立.     

Elliott SU(3)模型的连续变量表示

本文运用生成坐标方法给出了Elliott SU(3)模型的连续变量表示, 并据此对其作出几何解释. 指出Elliott SU(3)动力学群集体运动态的荷载子空间由β,γ振动和转动态生成. 以SU(3)模型为例, 分析了原子核集体运动的运动学和动力学方面, 并指出集体运动的类型或模式由动力学群的代数结构决定, 而集体运动的动力学特征(能谱和惯性参量)则由哈密顿量的具体形式决定.     

SU(5) symmetry of spdfg interacting boson model

The extended interacting boson model with s-, p-, d-, f- and g-bosons included (spdfg IBM)is investigated. The algebraic structure including the generators, the Casimir operators of the groups at the SU(5) dynamical symmetry and the branching rules of the irreducible representation reductions along the group chain are obtained. The typical energy spectrum of the symmetry is given.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">SU</Emphasis>(5) symmetry of<Emphasis Type="Italic">spdfg</Emphasis> interacting boson model

The extended interacting boson model withs-, p-, d-, f- andg-bosons included (spdfg IBM) is investigated. The algebraic structure including the generators, the Casimir operators of the groups at theSU(5) dynamical symmetry and the branching rules of the irreducible representation reductions along the group chain are obtained. The typical energy spectrum of the symmetry is given.     

Inertial parameters in the interacting boson—fermion approximation

The Hartree—Bose—Fermi and the adiabatic approximations are used to derive analytic formulae for the moment of inertia and the decoupling parameter of the interacting boson—fermion approximation for dformed systems. These formulae are applied to the SU(3) dynamical symmetry. In the large N limit we obtain perfect agreement with the exact results.     

ΔI= 4 Bifurcation and the sdg Interacting Boson Model

We show that the superdeformed nuclear states can be described in the framework of the interacting boson model (IBM) with the g-bosons being taken into account in this paper.The ΔI= 4 bifurcation in superdeformed rotational bands can be reproduced in the SU(5) limit of the sdg IBM. The perturbation causing the ΔI= 4 bifurcation to emerge in the ΔI= 2 superdeformed rotational band may possess the SU(5) symmetry.     

Critical behaviour in nuclear structure from spherical to axially symmetric deformed shape in IBM

To compare with the predictions of the transitional dynamical symmetry X(5) proposed by Iachello (2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 052502), the critical behaviours of U(5)--SU(3) are studied in the space of two control parameters in the interacting boson model (IBM). A simple-shaped phased diagram has been presented. It is found that X(5) predictions cannot be exactly reproduced by our calculations and that the best agreement is close to the calculations with boson numbers N = 11 and 12. By comparing with experimental data on X(5)-like nuclei, we find that X(5) predictions and IBM calculations can reproduce the energy ratios and E2 transition ones.     

Partial dynamical symmetry in a fermion system

The relevance of the partial dynamical symmetry concept for an interacting fermion system is demonstrated. Hamiltonians with partial SU(3) symmetry are presented in the framework of the symplectic shell model of nuclei and shown to be closely related to the quadrupole-quadrupole interaction. Implications are discussed for the deformed light nucleus 20Ne.     

142-164Dy核的低能谱和电磁跃迁的相互作用玻色子模型

采用IBM模型研究了^142-164Dy核的低能正宇称态的能谱和电磁跃迁。应用U(5)→SU(3)的简化哈密顿量较好地描述了它们的能谱和电磁跃迁。研究结果表明，该核基本属于U(5)→SU(3)的过渡核Spectra and E2 transition rates for the even even 142-164Dy isotopes are studied in the framework of the interacting boson model. A schematic Hamiltonian capable of describing their spectra and transition is used. It is found that the even even 142-164Dy isotopes are in the transition from U(5)to SU(3) dynamical symmetry.