489B束线低能分支的性能改进

分析了北京同步辐射实验室489B原束线低能分支的构造及弊病，在不影响束线高能分支性能及总体机械结构的基础上提出了改进方案，详细介绍了该设计方案和光束线调试工作及出光后束线的性能测试工作，该测试结果完全符合束线的设计，该束线在同步辐射专用光实验中充分发挥了改进后的优势，取得了令人满意的结果。     

BSRF光电子能谱仪光源尺寸要求研究及束线改进

不同的光电子能谱仪有不同的探测面积和接收角度,在所探测范围内实验光源的单位面积强度直接决定了实验计数率的高低, 因此了解所用能谱仪在什么样大小的光源尺寸下实验以获得最佳的实验条件就显得很为重要. 本文分析了北京同步辐射实验室光电子能谱仪在4B9B光束线所提供的光源下对能谱仪测试的实验结果,从现在所用的光源尺寸大小上讨论了以往实验计数及分辨能力不很理想的原因,提出了在现有能量分析器条件下4B9B光束线的光源尺寸要求.从而进一步确定了光束线的高能分支增加后聚焦镜以改善聚焦的改进方案,同时对束线的低能分支也作了相应的改进设计.     

3B1B光束线单色器设计及标定

单色器为同步辐射光束线的关键部件.它的功能是选定实验所需的光子能量,其性能的好坏直接影响到束线的整体性能.Seya-Namioka型光栅单色器由于其结构比较简单,性能较好,所以在VUV真空紫外波段光束线中得到了广泛的应用.本文介绍了新改建3B1B光束线的单色器结构设计,性能指标以及安装调试,并介绍了单色器相关工作参数的标定方法.     

北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)3B1束线精细调试

本文给出了北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)3B1束线在BEPC专用模式(储存环电子能量E_e=2GeV)不同闭轨情况下的最佳光强输出及最佳工作条件选择,并给出不同状态下的能谱测试及分析结果.     

透射光栅在同步辐射光束线输出特性诊断中的应用

介绍了透射光栅在北京同步辐射装置3W1B光束线光源输出特性诊断中的应用.借助透射光栅进行了能量标定及分辨率的测量,并定性地给出了束线的高次谐波情况.     

今日中国物理

 一、BEPC同步辐射实验室获得新进展BEPC同步辐射实验室4B9A超高真空聚焦同步辐射光束线于今年三月调出单色的聚焦同步X光后,与中科院物理所合作,进行了国内首次碘乙烷L壳层气相吸收光谱实验,并用Xe的L壳层吸收谱对光束线进行能量标定.在采用Si（111）时,已达到2-3×10^-4以上的高能量分辨率,能清晰地分辨Ti的近边结构,具有国际先进水平.4W1B束线于四月调出稳定的单色X光,与4W1A束线同时运行,扭摆器窗口的两条光束线已初步建成.同时,4B9A引出专用模式下的单色X光.4B9B超高真空聚焦软X-真空紫外高能量分辨光束线在距光源25米的实验站首次调试出光,比原计划提前了26天.     

双晶单色器束线调试的理论计算

本文报道了在北京同步辐射实验室4W1B光束线双晶单色器的安装调试过程中所做的理论计算.给出了单色光强度、能量分辨率及能量的准确性与各个可调整自由度的关系.由计算结果,提出了合理的双晶单色器调整步骤及各个自由度的调整精度要求.     

固定角度平面镜标定方法与不确定度分析

在北京同步辐射装置新建4B7B束线没有安装反射率计,且用户空间有限的情况下,利用X光基准点还原的方法建立了一种Dante谱仪固定角度平面镜反射率标定方法。利用三光束瞄准方法完成了束线软X光基准重建,通过准直方法实现了平面镜与X光之间的高定角精度,并采取了相应的角度姿态监测,最终在实验中得到的平面镜标定角不确定度为1.0 mrad。基于固定角度平面镜多次安装和朝各个方向转动后的标定结果,获得了高精度的反射率曲线。     

XRD探测器和滤片在北京同步辐射3B3中能束线上的标定

利用北京同步辐射3B3中能束线, 在国内首次实现了XRD X射线探测器灵敏度在2—6keV能区的标定, 灵敏度的不确定度小于7%. 另外中能束线的应用还极大地提高了滤片厚度的标定精度, 其厚度的不确定度小于3.6%.     

北京同步辐射3B3中能束线X射线探测系统性能研究

北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)的3B3中能束线的应用，在国内首次提供了一台能区在2—6keV范围、性能优良的单色X射线光源. 对光源的性能进行了研究，并完成了X射线探测器(XRD)灵敏度、滤片厚度、多种晶体衍射效率以及成像板能量响应等指标的标定.XRD标定的相对不确定度好于7%，滤片厚度的不确定度小于3.6%. 关键词： 中能X射线 同步辐射 标定     

Upgrade of beamline BL08B at Taiwan Light Source from a photon‐BPM to a double‐grating SGM beamline

During the last 20 years, beamline BL08B has been upgraded step by step from a photon beam‐position monitor (BPM) to a testing beamline and a single‐grating beamline that enables experiments to record X‐ray photo‐emission spectra (XPS) and X‐ray absorption spectra (XAS) for research in solar physics, organic semiconductor materials and spinel oxides, with soft X‐ray photon energies in the range 300–1000 eV. Demands for photon energy to extend to the extreme ultraviolet region for applications in nano‐fabrication and topological thin films are increasing. The basic spherical‐grating monochromator beamline was again upgraded by adding a second grating that delivers photons of energy from 80 to 420 eV. Four end‐stations were designed for experiments with XPS, XAS, interstellar photoprocess systems (IPS) and extreme‐ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) in the scheduled beam time. The data from these experiments show a large count rate in core levels probed and excellent statistics on background normalization in the L‐edge adsorption spectrum.     

Photon-in/photon-out endstation for studies of energy materials at beamline 02B02 of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility

A new photon-in/photon-out endstation at beamline 02B02 of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility for studying the electronic structure of energy materials has been constructed and fully opened to users. The endstation has the capability to perform soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy in total electron yield and total fluorescence yield modes simultaneously. The photon energy ranges from 40 eV to 2000 eV covering the K-edge of most low Z-elements and the L-edge of 3d transition-metals. The new self-designed channeltron detector allows us to achieve good fluorescence signals at the low photon flux. In addition, we synchronously collect the signals of a standard reference sample and a gold mesh on the upstream to calibrate the photon energy and monitor the beam fluctuation, respectively. In order to cross the pressure gap,in situ gas and liquid cells for soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy are developed to study the samples under realistic working conditions.     

First Experimental Data on a New SR Beamline of the VEPP-2000 Complex for the HL-LHC Vacuum System

In the framework of the large hadron collider (LHC) upgrade project, new materials are proposed for the vacuum. Amorphous carbon deposited onto the vacuum-chamber wall is examined as a coating with a low secondary electron emission rate for superconducting systems designed to upgrade the LHC, i.e., to increase the luminosity of the machine (HL-LHC). Since protons will generate synchrotron radiation with a critical energy of ~10 eV and a flux of 1016 photon m–1 s–1, it is important to study the effect of photons on a surface covered with amorphous carbon at room and cryogenic temperatures. The construction and parameters of the setup on the new synchrotron beamline of the VEPP-2000 booster are described. The first results of measuring the photodesorption coefficient are also presented.     

Effects of temperature,mechanical motion and source positional jitter on the resolving power of beamline 02B at the SSRF

A detailed analysis of the effects of temperature excursions, instrumental mechanical motion and source position jitter on the energy‐resolving power of beamline 02B at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is presented in this study. This beamline uses a bending‐magnet‐based source and includes a variable‐line‐spacing grating monochromator with additional optics. Expressions are derived for the monochromator output photon energy shifts for each of the performance challenges considered. The calculated results indicate that measured temperature excursions of ±1 K produce an energy shift of less than 11% of the system's energy resolution. Mechanical displacements and vibrations measured at amplitudes of less than 0.5 µm produce changes of less than 5%, while measured source location jitter results in a change of less than 10%. Spectroscopic test experiments at 250 and 400 eV provide energy resolutions of over 10⁴. This analysis, combined with the measured results, confirms the operational stability of the beamline, indicating that it meets the performance requirements for experimental use.     

A scanning transmission X‐ray microscope at the Pohang Light Source

A scanning transmission X‐ray microscope is operational at the 10A beamline at the Pohang Light Source. The 10A beamline provides soft X‐rays in the photon energy range 100–2000 eV using an elliptically polarized undulator. The practically usable photon energy range of the scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy (STXM) setup is from ～150 to ～1600 eV. With a zone plate of 25 nm outermost zone width, the diffraction‐limited space resolution, ～30 nm, is achieved in the photon energy range up to ～850 eV. In transmission mode for thin samples, STXM provides the element, chemical state and magnetic moment specific distributions, based on absorption spectroscopy. A soft X‐ray fluorescence measurement setup has been implemented in order to provide the elemental distribution of thicker samples as well as chemical state information with a space resolution of ～50 nm. A ptychography setup has been implemented in order to improve the space resolution down to 10 nm. Hardware setups and application activities of the STXM are presented.     

XDS: a flexible beamline for X‐ray diffraction and spectroscopy at the Brazilian synchrotron

The majority of the beamlines at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source Laboratory (LNLS) use radiation produced in the storage‐ring bending magnets and are therefore currently limited in the flux that can be used in the harder part of the X‐ray spectrum (above ～10 keV). A 4 T superconducting multipolar wiggler (SCW) was recently installed at LNLS in order to improve the photon flux above 10 keV and fulfill the demands set by the materials science community. A new multi‐purpose beamline was then installed at the LNLS using the SCW as a photon source. The XDS is a flexible beamline operating in the energy range between 5 and 30 keV, designed to perform experiments using absorption, diffraction and scattering techniques. Most of the work performed at the XDS beamline concentrates on X‐ray absorption spectroscopy at energies above 18 keV and high‐resolution diffraction experiments. More recently, new setups and photon‐hungry experiments such as total X‐ray scattering, X‐ray diffraction under high pressures, resonant X‐ray emission spectroscopy, among others, have started to become routine at XDS. Here, the XDS beamline characteristics, performance and a few new experimental possibilities are described.     

Energy resolution of the CdTe‐XPAD detector: calibration and potential for Laue diffraction measurements on protein crystals

The XPAD3S‐CdTe, a CdTe photon‐counting pixel array detector, has been used to measure the energy and the intensity of the white‐beam diffraction from a lysozyme crystal. A method was developed to calibrate the detector in terms of energy, allowing incident photon energy measurement to high resolution (approximately 140 eV), opening up new possibilities in energy‐resolved X‐ray diffraction. In order to demonstrate this, Laue diffraction experiments were performed on the bending‐magnet beamline METROLOGIE at Synchrotron SOLEIL. The X‐ray energy spectra of diffracted spots were deduced from the indexed Laue patterns collected with an imaging‐plate detector and then measured with both the XPAD3S‐CdTe and the XPAD3S‐Si, a silicon photon‐counting pixel array detector. The predicted and measured energy of selected diffraction spots are in good agreement, demonstrating the reliability of the calibration method. These results open up the way to direct unit‐cell parameter determination and the measurement of high‐quality Laue data even at low resolution. Based on the success of these measurements, potential applications in X‐ray diffraction opened up by this type of technology are discussed.     

The LUCIA beamline at SOLEIL

Commissioned in May 2004 on the SLS machine, the LUCIA beamline was moved to the synchrotron SOLEIL during the summer of 2008. To take advantage of this new setting several changes to its design were introduced. Here, a review of the various improvements of the mechanics and, mostly, of the optics is given. Described in detail are the results of a new multilayer grating monochromator implemented on the Kohzu vessel already holding the two‐crystal set‐up. It consists of a grating grooved onto a multilayer (replacing the first crystal) associated to a multilayer (as a second crystal). It allows a shift of the low‐energy limit of the beamline to around 500 eV with an energy resolution and a photon flux comparable with those of the previous couples of crystals (KTP and beryl).     

A novel monochromator for experiments with ultrashort X‐ray pulses

Aiming at advancing storage‐ring‐based ultrafast X‐ray science, over the past few years many upgrades have been undertaken to continue improving beamline performance and photon flux at the Femtoslicing facility at BESSY II. In this article the particular design upgrade of one of the key optical components, the zone‐plate monochromator (ZPM) beamline, is reported. The beamline is devoted to optical pump/soft X‐ray probe applications with 100 fs (FWHM) X‐ray pulses in the soft X‐ray range at variable polarization. A novel approach consisting of an array of nine off‐axis reflection zone plates is used for a gapless coverage of the spectral range between 410 and 1333 eV at a designed resolution of E/ΔE = 500 and a pulse elongation of only 30 fs. With the upgrade of the ZPM the following was achieved: a smaller focus, an improved spectral resolution and bandwidth as well as excellent long‐term stability. The beamline will enable a new class of ultrafast applications with variable optical excitation wavelength and variable polarization.     

Design and performance of BOREAS,the beamline for resonant X‐ray absorption and scattering experiments at the ALBA synchrotron light source

The optical design of the BOREAS beamline operating at the ALBA synchrotron radiation facility is described. BOREAS is dedicated to resonant X‐ray absorption and scattering experiments using soft X‐rays, in an unusually extended photon energy range from 80 to above 4000 eV, and with full polarization control. Its optical scheme includes a fixed‐included‐angle, variable‐line‐spacing grating monochromator and a pair of refocusing mirrors, equipped with benders, in a Kirkpatrick–Baez arrangement. It is equipped with two end‐stations, one for X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism and the other for resonant magnetic scattering. The commissioning results show that the expected beamline performance is achieved both in terms of energy resolution and of photon flux at the sample position.