高分子纳米复合材料拉伸及压缩的分子动力学模拟

利用高分子-纳米粒子粗粒化模型,对高分子纳米复合材料(polymer nano-composites,PNC)的拉伸、压缩及平衡态过程进行分子动力学模拟研究.通过模拟PNC的拉伸及压缩过程,研究纳米粒子大小、质量分数对PNC力学性能的影响及拉伸、压缩过程中PNC体系微观交联网络的变化.在纳米粒子表面积或质量分数相同的情况下,小尺寸纳米粒子对PNC的力学性能增强效果更显著.对于含有质量分数不同的小尺寸纳米粒子的PNC体系,随纳米粒子质量分数增加,其力学性能增强,但增强程度逐渐减弱,且对于拉伸过程的材料增强效应,纳米粒子的质量分数存在最优值.在PNC体系中存在高分子-高分子(polymer-polymer)、高分子-纳米粒子(polymer-NP)2种微观交联网络,拉伸及压缩过程中PNC体系中2种微观交联网络的变化趋势不同,PNC拉伸及压缩产生应力的微观机制也相应有所不同.此外,对含质量分数不同的小尺寸纳米粒子的PNC平衡态过程的模拟研究表明,PNC体系中2种微观交联网络的比例直接影响其力学性能的变化,而纳米粒子的聚集则会降低PNC的力学性能增强效果.     

SnO2水溶胶气-液界面纳米胶粒成膜过程

采用胶体化学法制得稳定的ＳｎＯ２纳米粒子溶胶。在ＬＢ膜槽内，用膜天平考察了溶胶在陈化和均速压缩过程中，气－液界面表面压力的变化。，并用布儒斯特色显微镜，直接观察了陈化过程中界面胶体粒子的片面成膜过程，和均速压缩过程中界面胶体粒子的压缩成膜过程。     

软胶体粒子形成束晶的动力学模拟

利用广义指数模型描述软胶体粒子, 结合分子动力学模拟研究软胶体粒子形成束晶的动力学过程. 通过等温压缩和等密度降温2个不同的过程, 研究了束晶形成过程中结构变化特征和动力学路径对结构的影响规律. 研究发现, 与蒙特卡洛模拟结果相比, 分子动力学模拟得到的结构随着密度的变化有明显的迟滞现象, 这是由于考虑了真实的动力学因素引起的差异. 此外, 在相同温度和压力下通过不同的动力学路径得到的相结构不完全相同, 这是由于动力学形成过程会对相结构产生很大的影响.     

盐酸羟胺络合法制备银溶胶及表面增强拉曼基底

报道了一种制备银溶胶的新方法.用紫外-可见光谱和透射电镜研究了银纳米粒子的形成过程、粒子形状及粒径分布.紫外光谱结果表明,在还原剂中加入碘化银溶胶后立即形成银纳米粒子,开始时粒子的粒径较小,很快聚集成较大的粒子.随着反应的进行,较大的粒子又逐渐碎裂为较小的粒子.同时,粒子的粒径分布逐渐变窄,说明银纳米粒子的形成过程也是粒子粒径均化的过程.透射电镜的研究结果表明,银纳米粒子为形状均一的球形,平均粒径约35nm.将这种银纳米粒子转移到固体基片上可得到活性较高的表面增强拉曼(SERS)基底.     

可膨胀石墨阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫塑料的性能

在原料中添加可膨胀石墨(EG),采用一步法合成了阻燃型高回弹聚氨酯软泡,研究了EG对泡沫性能的影响.用扫描电镜和光学显微镜观察了EG粒子在泡沫内的固着状态及其对泡孔形貌和泡沫燃烧后的炭层形貌的影响.垂直-水平燃烧实验和极限氧指数实验检测了EG的添加量对于泡沫燃烧的抑制情况.考察了EG粒子的含量对泡沫密度、拉伸及压缩力学...     

流体动力学作用对粒子聚集影响的布朗动力学模拟

采用布朗动力学模拟方法, 研究了流体动力学作用对稀溶液中悬浮粒子聚集过程的影响. 模拟中忽略了一个粒子同时与多个粒子碰撞聚集的可能, 引入了前人有关两粒子间流体动力学作用影响的研究成果. 模拟结果证实了流体动力学的作用在比较大的幅度上减缓了粒子的聚集过程, 是导致粒子聚集速率的实验值低于Smoluchowski理论值的重要原因之一. 另外, 在分别加入和排除重力作用, 以及考虑和忽略粒子间流体动力学作用在内的各种条件下模拟了粒子的聚集过程, 得到了两种因素相互耦合作用时各因素对粒子聚集过程影响的结果, 并从动力学的角度对这些因素的影响机制进行了相应的讨论.     

胶体粒子的机械性能调控及其在药物递送中的应用

胶体粒子是肿瘤治疗中最常用的载体, 尽管在过去的研究中不同的胶体粒子已经被广泛报道, 但如何进一步提高胶体粒子的药物递送效率仍然存在着一些挑战. 大量的研究表明胶体粒子的尺寸、形状、结构和表面化学等物理化学性质在药物递送过程中具有重要的作用, 但胶体粒子的机械性能对药物递送过程的影响研究和综述相对较少. 本综述从不同机械性能胶体粒子的制备与表征出发, 概述了胶体粒子的机械性能对血液循环、肿瘤富集、渗透以及细胞内化过程的影响, 并对该领域存在的问题以及发展的趋势进行了展望. 该综述有助于帮助科学工作者更好地理解胶体粒子的机械性能对药物递送的影响规律, 从而优化胶体粒子的设计并提高纳米药物的递送效率和生物利用率.     

利用LB技术采用循环压缩方法在不同基底表面制备FePt纳米粒子单层膜

利用LB(Langmuir-Blodgett)技术, 采用循环压缩的方法在不同基底表面上制备FePt纳米粒子单层膜, 采用TEM和AFM等技术手段对其表面形貌进行表征. 研究结果表明, 采用循环压缩的方法可以大大提高单层膜的均匀性和致密性, 并且在不同的基底表面其成膜性能具有较大的差异.     

悬浮聚合制备无机-高分子复合粒子的微观结构与形成机理

采用悬浮聚合工艺制备微米级铁红和苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物复合粒子,通过跟踪观察体系在预分散过程的变化,分析相关表面张力、润湿角的测定结果,解释了复合粒子微观结构成因.实验测试结果显示在高速预分散过程,铁红以大部分伸入溶液水相的形式存在于油水界面;在SEM下观察到复合粒子的微观结构是铁红存在于复合粒子表面形成嵌入式结构.FTIR测试结果显示铁红在聚合过程与初级自由基发生反应.     

层层自组装修饰磁性纳米粒子及蛋白质吸附研究

采用层层自组装技术将聚天冬胺酸和聚乙二胺修饰到磁性纳米粒子表面上, 并研究了修饰后的磁性纳米粒子的zeta电势变化和对蛋白质的吸附. 先通过化学共沉淀的方法获得了四氧化三铁磁性纳米粒子, 然后利用层层自组装的方法对纳米粒子进行了修饰. 用TEM表征了纳米粒子的尺寸. 用红外光谱表征了修饰过程中磁性纳米粒子表面组成的变化情况. 研究了修饰过程对磁性纳米粒子的zeta电势的影响. zeta电势的正负和大小与表面连接的分子的带电性质有关. 磁性纳米粒子的等电点接近中性. 聚天冬胺酸修饰的磁性纳米粒子的Zeta电势为负值. 在聚乙二胺溶液的pH＝11时获得的双层修饰的磁性粒子的等电点接近9, 并且等电点随聚乙二胺溶液的pH的减小而减小. 结果也表明在pH＝7.4时具有不同表面电荷的磁性纳米粒子通过静电作用选择性地吸附蛋白质.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。