基于β⁃环糊精@全氟壬酸主客体作用构筑的斜六面体结构水凝胶

研究了一种全氟脂肪酸表面活性剂全氟壬酸(PFNA)与β-环糊精(β-CD)在水溶液中的自组装行为. 通过改变PFNA和β-CD的混合比例及浓度, 得到了由高度规整的厚度约为几百纳米, 长度约为十几微米的斜六面体组成的水凝胶, 并绘制了该体系的相图; 根据实验结果推测了该水凝胶的形成机理, PFNA分子的尾链包合在β-CD的空腔内形成了1∶1包合物(β-CD@PFNA), 该包合物作为构筑基元, β-CD分子以“头对头、 尾对尾”形式相互连接成“管道型”结构, 这些管道在β-CD分子间氢键作用下堆积进而结晶诱导形成斜六面体聚集体; 该六面体进一步交叉连接形成三维网状结构, 包裹住溶剂水分子从而形成水凝胶. 这种基于碳氟表面活性剂和环糊精主客体作用的自组装策略有望为新颖聚集体的可控自组装提供新思路.     

环糊精对阿斯巴甜的甜感增强作用及二者相互作用热力学

目前环糊精（CD）对阿斯巴甜（ASP）甜感强度的影响研究主要集中在环糊精对阿斯巴甜的稳定性研究。我们认为CD对ASP甜感强度的提升与其和ASP的结合常数有一定的关系。本文选择了五种环糊精,α-环糊精（α-CD）、β-环糊精（β-CD）、γ-环糊精（γ-CD）、羟丙基-β-环糊精（HP-β-CD）、甲基-β-环糊精（Met-β-CD）,研究了这些环糊精存在下ASP的感官甜度的变化及二者的相互作用。结果表明,β-CD可以明显提升ASP的甜感强度。等温滴定量热（ITC）和荧光光谱对ASP与CDs结合过程亲和力的研究表明,ASP与β-CD的结合是自发的,并且具有最大的结合常数。差示扫描量热（DSC）、核磁共振（¹H NMR）以及傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）揭示了其结合过程的机制。本研究对理解甜味剂甜感强度与热力学结合常数的关系具有重要的意义,也为基于结合常数筛选风味保持剂的方法提供有益的基础。     

β-环糊精的低临界溶解温度现象及其在有序纳米孔道片晶制备中的应用

将β-环糊精(β-CD)溶解于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中, 加热至140 ℃后有大量白色晶体析出. 扫描电子显微镜观察发现析出物为β-CD片状结晶. 红外光谱(IR)和核磁共振波谱(NMR)结果证明了片状结晶的化学结构与β-CD原料相同. 热重分析(TGA)和差示扫描量热(DSC)分析结果证明片状结晶的理化性质与β-CD原料相同. X射线衍射分析(XRD)测试结果表明, β-CD片晶的结晶结构与β-CD原料不同. 利用Diamond软件模拟了具有开通管道结晶结构的β-CD晶体的XRD谱图, 发现其与实测的β-CD片晶谱图基本相符, 说明β-CD片晶具有有序纳米开通管道结晶结构. 比表面积测试和酚酞吸附实验进一步证实β-CD片晶具有比β-CD原料更大的比表面积和更好的吸附性能.     

嵌段聚合物修饰的金纳米粒子的制备及表征

通过RAFT合成聚(甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯)-b-聚(乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯)嵌段共聚物(PGMA-bPMAPEG),再用半胱氨酸(Cys)使PGMA中的环氧基团开环,制备含有巯基的两亲水嵌段聚合物PMAPEG-bP(GMA-Cys)。并以其作为修饰剂,通过原位还原法使HAuCl4在NaBH4的还原下制备金/聚合物纳米复合粒子(Au@PMAPEG-b-P(GMA-Cys)NPs)。经FT-IR、UV-vis、TG、XRD、TEM和DLS表征,发现金纳米复合粒子呈均匀分散的球形,平均粒径约为10nm,在527nm处出现了金纳米粒子的表面等离子共振吸收峰,金约占总重量的49%。由于外层嵌段共聚物的修饰作用,金纳米复合粒子在室温下放置6个月未发生粒子间的聚集。     

聚离子液负载金纳米粒子水凝胶的制备及阴离子响应性

通过咪唑基离子液单体与二乙烯苯的自由基聚合制备了聚离子液水凝胶,并通过一步还原得到了离子液水凝胶负载金纳米粒子的复合材料。用UV-Vis光谱和透射电子显微镜研究了金纳米粒子在离子液水凝胶内部的分散状态及阴离子响应性聚集。结果表明,由于空间位阻和静电作用,制得的金纳米粒子的表面等离子共振吸收峰为527 nm,在离子液水凝胶中呈均匀分散的球形(2～5 nm);在PF6-阴离子的作用下,形成了疏水性水凝胶,使凝胶收缩,凝胶内部的金纳米粒子发生聚集,其吸收峰红移到532 nm,初步证实了此水凝胶具有阴离子响应性。     

环糊精对α,ω-双香豆素长链化合物分子内激基缔合物形成的影响

本文借助荧光光谱、吸收光谱、激发光谱以及单光子记数技术,通过环境效应、浓度效应、温度效应详细研究了环糊精对α,ω-双香豆素长链化合物分子内激基缔合物形成的影响,结果表明β-CD仅能加强香豆素单体的荧光发射与寿命,而γ-CD则可降低其形成激基缔合物的活化能,同时使其寿命得以延长。     

γ-环糊精对二甲戊灵的包合作用

以γ-环糊精(γ-CD)为主体, 采用饱和水溶液法对客体二甲戊灵进行包合. 采用紫外光谱以等摩尔连续变化法确定包合物的包合比为1∶1; 红外光谱证明二甲戊灵的部分苯环结构可能进入了γ-CD的空腔; 热分析结果证明包合作用提升了二甲戊灵的熔点; 粉末X射线衍射谱图中新衍射峰的出现说明形成了新物相; 扫描电镜则直观展现了包合物的外观. 以上结果均表明形成了γ-CD-二甲戊灵包合物, 其包合平衡常数K=1123.99 L/mol. 包合作用使二甲戊灵的熔点从54 ℃升至75 ℃, 溶解度提高了约11.5倍, 包合物热贮稳定性达标, 为进一步将其加工成其它水基化农药剂型提供了可能.     

联苯甲酰桥联β-环糊精吸附U(VI)的动力学和热力学

β-环糊精与对甲苯磺酰氯在低温碱性溶液中反应合成6-对甲苯磺酰酯-β-环糊精,并利用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其进行表征;联苯甲酰与6-对甲苯磺酰酯-β-环糊精以摩尔比为1: 2反应合成一种新型的联苯甲酰桥联β-环糊精(BB β-CD)材料,并采用紫外可见分光光度法对其合成机理以及BB β-CD和联苯甲酰对U(VI)的吸附行为进行研究;同时采用扫描电镜对材料吸附U(VI)前后的外貌形态进行表征。通过间歇吸附法考察pH、反应时间、温度以及干扰离子等因素对吸附过程的影响。结果表明,相比联苯甲酰,BB β-CD能更有效地吸附U(VI),在pH=4.5,反应时间为60 min条件下,最大吸附量为12.16 mg·g^-1,吸附率高达91.2%。动力学和热力学拟合结果表明,吸附过程更符合准二级动力学速率方程,Langmuir等温吸附模型比Freundlich等温吸附模型更适合模拟吸附过程,且吸附是自发吸热的过程。     

一种新型温度响应性聚氨基酸/聚类肽嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

以正己胺为引发剂, 通过γ-炔丙基-L-谷氨酸羧酸酐(PLG-NCA)和N-正辛基甘氨酸羧酸酐(Oct-NNCA)逐步开环聚合和后修饰策略合成了分子量分布较窄的温度响应性两嵌段共聚物寡聚乙二醇单元修饰的聚(γ-炔丙基-L-谷氨酸)-b-聚(N-正辛基甘氨酸)[(PPLG-g-EG₃)-b-PNOG]. 通过示差扫描量热法(DSC)研究了不同比例聚合物的结晶行为; 利用圆二色谱法(CD)研究了聚合物的二级结构, 并研究了聚合物在水溶液中的自组装行为, 采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了组装后的形貌. 结果表明, 该温度响应性聚合物在室温下呈现α-螺旋结构, 随着温度升高, α-螺旋的构象减少. 该聚合物可以在水溶液中自发组装成棒状结构.     

水溶性阳离子型卟啉对层状磷酸锆插层行为的研究

比较了水溶性卟啉meso-四(4-N-甲基吡啶基)卟啉(TMPyP)对具有不同层间距和结构的层状磷酸锆[α-磷酸锆(α-ZrP)和γ-磷酸锆(γ-ZrP)]的插层行为. 研究发现: 相比α-磷酸锆, γ-磷酸锆虽然具有相对较大的层间距, 但同α-磷酸锆一样, TMPyP不能直接嵌入其中. 为嵌入TMPyP, 用预撑剂正丁胺(BA)处理磷酸锆. TMPyP可以嵌入α-ZrP•BA和α-ZrP•2BA(分别为单层丁胺和双层丁胺嵌入α-磷酸锆而形成的插层化合物), 其中, TMPyP以较短的时间与单层排列的丁胺交换而嵌入磷酸锆; 而卟啉却不能嵌入具有较大层间距的γ-ZrP•2BA(双层丁胺嵌入γ-磷酸锆而形成的一种很稳定的形式), 表明预撑剂在磷酸锆层板间的流动性是影响卟啉嵌入的一个重要因素. 另外, 结合XRD、红外、可见吸收等实验数据和α-磷酸锆层板高电荷密度的特性, 我们可推算出: TMPyP以自由碱的形式呈单层倾斜方式紧密堆积在α-磷酸锆层板间.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.