Some degenerations of Kazhdan–Lusztig ideals and multiplicities of Schubert varieties

We study Hilbert–Samuel multiplicity for points of Schubert varieties in the complete flag variety, by Gröbner degenerations of the Kazhdan–Lusztig ideal. In the covexillary case, we give a manifestly positive combinatorial rule for multiplicity by establishing (with a Gröbner basis) a reduced limit whose Stanley–Reisner simplicial complex is homeomorphic to a shellable ball or sphere. We show that multiplicity counts the number of facets of this complex. We also obtain a formula for the Hilbert series of the local ring. In particular, our work gives a multiplicity rule for Grassmannian Schubert varieties, providing alternative statements and proofs to formulae of Lakshmibai and Weyman (1990) [26], Rosenthal and Zelevinsky (2001) [37], Krattenthaler (2001) [22], Kodiyalam and Raghavan (2003) [21], Kreiman and Lakshmibai (2004) [24], Ikeda and Naruse (2009) [13] and Woo and Yong (2009) [40]. We suggest extensions of our methodology to the general case.     

New Classes of Set-theoretic Complete Intersection Monomial Ideals

Let Δ be a simplicial complex and χ be an s-coloring of Δ. Biermann and Van Tuyl have introduced the simplicial complex Δ_χ. As a corollary of Theorems 5 and 7 in their 2013 article, we obtain that the Stanley–Reisner ring of Δ_χ over a field is Cohen–Macaulay. In this note, we generalize this corollary by proving that the Stanley–Reisner ideal of Δ_χ over a field is set-theoretic complete intersection. This also generalizes a result of Macchia.     

Betti numbers of Stanley–Reisner rings determine hierarchical Markov degrees

There are two seemingly unrelated ideals associated with a simplicial complex Δ: one is the Stanley–Reisner ideal I _Δ , the monomial ideal generated by minimal non-faces of Δ, well-known in combinatorial commutative algebra; the other is the toric ideal I _M(Δ) of the facet subring of Δ, whose generators give a Markov basis for the hierarchical model defined by Δ, playing a prominent role in algebraic statistics. In this note we show that the complexity of the generators of I _M(Δ) is determined by the Betti numbers of I _Δ . The unexpected connection between the syzygies of the Stanley–Reisner ideal and degrees of minimal generators of the toric ideal provide a framework for further exploration of the connection between the model and its many relatives in algebra and combinatorics.     

Skeletons of monomial ideals

In analogy to the skeletons of a simplicial complex and their Stanley–Reisner ideals we introduce the skeletons of an arbitrary monomial ideal I ? S = K [x₁, …, x_n ]. This allows us to compute the depth of S /I in terms of its skeleton ideals. We apply these techniques to show that Stanley's conjecture on Stanley decompositions of S /I holds provided it holds whenever S /I is Cohen–Macaulay. We also discuss a conjecture of Soleyman Jahan and show that it suffices to prove his conjecture for monomial ideals with linear resolution (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The Multiplicity Conjecture for Barycentric Subdivisions

For a simplicial complex Δ we study the effect of barycentric subdivision on ring theoretic invariants of its Stanley–Reisner ring. In particular, for Stanley–Reisner rings of barycentric subdivisions we verify a conjecture by Huneke and Herzog and Srinivasan, that relates the multiplicity of a standard graded k-algebra to the product of the maximal and minimal shifts in its minimal free resolution up to the height. On the way to proving the conjecture, we develop new and list well-known results on behavior of dimension, Hilbert series, multiplicity, local cohomology, depth, and regularity when passing from the Stanley–Reisner ring of Δ to the one of its barycentric subdivision.     

Buchsbaum Stanley–Reisner Rings and Cohen–Macaulay Covers

First, we give a new criterion for Buchsbaum Stanley–Reisner rings to have linear resolutions. Next, we prove that every (d ? 1)-dimensional complex Δ of initial degree d is contained in the same dimensional Cohen–Macaulay complex whose (d ? 1)th reduced homology is isomorphic to that of Δ. We call such a simplicial complex a Cohen–Macaulay cover of Δ. And we also show that all the intermediate complexes between Δ and its Cohen–Macaulay cover are Buchsbaum provided that Δ is Buchsbaum. As an application, we determine the h-vectors of the 3-dimensional Buchsbaum Stanley–Reisner rings with initial degree 3.     

A Gorenstein simplicial complex for symmetric minors

We show that the ideal generated by the (n - 2) minors of a general symmetric n by n matrix has an initial ideal that is the Stanley–Reisner ideal of the boundary complex of a simplicial polytope and has the same graded Betti numbers.     

The Stanley–Reisner Ideals of Polygons as Set-Theoretic Complete Intersections

We show that the Stanley–Reisner ideal of the one-dimensional simplicial complex whose diagram is an n-gon is always a set-theoretic complete intersection in any positive characteristic.     

Linear balls and the multiplicity conjecture

A linear ball is a simplicial complex whose geometric realization is homeomorphic to a ball and whose Stanley–Reisner ring has a linear resolution. It turns out that the Stanley–Reisner ring of the sphere which is the boundary complex of a linear ball satisfies the multiplicity conjecture. A class of shellable spheres arising naturally from commutative algebra whose Stanley–Reisner rings satisfy the multiplicity conjecture will be presented.     

Degenerations to unobstructed Fano Stanley–Reisner schemes

We construct degenerations of Mukai varieties and linear sections thereof to special unobstructed Fano Stanley–Reisner schemes corresponding to convex deltahedra. This can be used to find toric degenerations of rank one index one Fano threefolds. Furthermore, we show that the Stanley–Reisner ring of the boundary complex of the dual polytope of the associahedron has trivial \(T^2\) . This can be used to find new toric degenerations of linear sections of \(G(2,n)\) .     

A canonical expansion of the product of two Stanley symmetric functions

We study the problem of expanding the product of two Stanley symmetric functions F _w ?F _u into Stanley symmetric functions in some natural way. Our approach is to consider a Stanley symmetric function as a stabilized Schubert polynomial $F_{w}=\lim_{n\to\infty}\mathfrak{S}_{1^{n}\times w}$ , and study the behavior of the expansion of $\mathfrak {S}_{1^{n}\times w}\cdot \mathfrak {S}_{1^{n}\times u}$ into Schubert polynomials as n increases. We prove that this expansion stabilizes and thus we get a natural expansion for the product of two Stanley symmetric functions. In the case when one permutation is Grassmannian, we have a better understanding of this stability. We then study some other related stability properties, providing a second proof of the main result.     

On the Stanley–Reisner ideal of an expanded simplicial complex

Let Δ be a simplicial complex. We study the expansions of Δ mainly to see how the algebraic and combinatorial properties of Δ and its expansions are related to each other. It is shown that Δ is Cohen–Macaulay, sequentially Cohen–Macaulay, Buchsbaum or k-decomposable, if and only if an arbitrary expansion of Δ has the same property. Moreover, some homological invariants like the regularity and the projective dimension of the Stanley–Reisner ideals of Δ and those of their expansions are compared.     

A SURVEY OF THE ADDITIVE EIGENVALUE PROBLEM (WITH APPENDIX BY M. KAPOVICH)

The classical Hermitian eigenvalue problem addresses the following question: What are the possible eigenvalues of the sum A + B of two Hermitian matrices A and B, provided we fix the eigenvalues of A and B. A systematic study of this problem was initiated by H. Weyl (1912). By virtue of contributions from a long list of mathematicians, notably Weyl (1912), Horn (1962), Klyachko (1998) and Knutson–Tao (1999), the problem is finally settled. The solution asserts that the eigenvalues of A + B are given in terms of certain system of linear inequalities in the eigenvalues of A and B. These inequalities (called the Hom inequalities) are given explicitly in terms of certain triples of Schubert classes in the singular cohomology of Grassmannians and the standard cup product. Belkale (2001) gave a smaller set of inequalities for the problem in this case (which was shown to be optimal by Knutson–Tao–Woodward). The Hermitian eigenvalue problem has been extended by Berenstein–Sjamaar (2000) and Kapovich–Leeb–Millson (2009) for any semisimple complex algebraic group G. Their solution is again in terms of a system of linear inequalities obtained from certain triples of Schubert classes in the singular cohomology of the partial ag varieties G/P (P being a maximal parabolic subgroup) and the standard cup product. However, their solution is far from being optimal. In a joint work with P. Belkale, we define a deformation of the cup product in the cohomology of G/P and use this new product to generate our system of inequalities which solves the problem for any G optimally (as shown by Ressayre). This article is a survey (with more or less complete proofs) of this additive eigenvalue problem. The eigenvalue problem is equivalent to the saturated tensor product problem. We also give an extension of the saturated tensor product problem to the saturated restriction problem for any pair G ? ? of connected reductive algebraic groups. In the appendix by M. Kapovich, a connection between metric geometry and the representation theory of complex semisimple algebraic groups is explained. The connection runs through the theory of buildings. This connection is exploited to give a uniform (though not optimal) saturation factor for any G.     

Distributive Lattices,Bipartite Graphs and Alexander Duality

A certain squarefree monomial ideal H _P arising from a finite partially ordered set P will be studied from viewpoints of both commutative algbera and combinatorics. First, it is proved that the defining ideal of the Rees algebra of H _P possesses a quadratic Gröbner basis. Thus in particular all powers of H _P have linear resolutions. Second, the minimal free graded resolution of H _P will be constructed explicitly and a combinatorial formula to compute the Betti numbers of H _P will be presented. Third, by using the fact that the Alexander dual of the simplicial complex Δ whose Stanley–Reisner ideal coincides with H _P is Cohen–Macaulay, all the Cohen–Macaulay bipartite graphs will be classified.     

Affine Stanley symmetric functions for classical types

We introduce affine Stanley symmetric functions for the special orthogonal groups, a class of symmetric functions that model the cohomology of the affine Grassmannian, continuing the work of Lam and Lam, Schilling, and Shimozono on the special linear and symplectic groups, respectively. For the odd orthogonal groups, a Hopf-algebra isomorphism is given, identifying (co)homology Schubert classes with symmetric functions. For the even orthogonal groups, we conjecture an approximate model of (co)homology via symmetric functions. In the process, we develop type B and type D non-commutative k-Schur functions as elements of the affine nilCoxeter algebra that model homology of the affine Grassmannian. Additionally, Pieri rules for multiplication by special Schubert classes in homology are given in both cases. Finally, we present a type-free interpretation of Pieri factors, used in the definition of noncommutative k-Schur functions or affine Stanley symmetric functions for any classical type.     

Stanley–Reisner resolution of constant weight linear codes

Given a constant weight linear code, we investigate its weight hierarchy and the Stanley–Reisner resolution of its associated matroid regarded as a simplicial complex. We also exhibit conditions on the higher weights sufficient to conclude that the code is of constant weight.     

Broken circuit complexes and hyperplane arrangements

We study Stanley–Reisner ideals of broken circuit complexes and characterize those ones admitting linear resolutions or being complete intersections. These results will then be used to characterize hyperplane arrangements whose Orlik–Terao ideal has the same properties. As an application, we improve a result of Wilf on upper bounds for the coefficients of the chromatic polynomial of a maximal planar graph. We also show that for a matroid with a complete intersection broken circuit complex, the supersolvability of the matroid is equivalent to the Koszulness of its Orlik–Solomon algebra.