A convenient method for the addition of HI to unsaturated hydrocarbons using I2 on Al2O3

Iodine reacts, under mild conditions, with hydroxyl groups on the surface of alumina to form HI which readily adds to unsaturated hydrocarbons to form alkyl and vinyl iodides.     

Anisotropy of elastic properties and thermal conductivity of Al2O3/h-BN composites

The presence of h-BN phase in the composites, in which it is fulfilling a role of a solid lubricant, causes the appearance of the anisotropy of the elastic properties and thermal properties. In order to assess the extent of the phenomenon, velocity changes of ultrasonic wave propagation were measured and thermal conductivity changes were researched. Measurements were carried out on composites of alumina matrix, which had h-BN introduced in an amount of 0–30 vol.%. The study included measurements of the speed of propagation of ultrasound waves and thermal conductivity, which were made in two directions, namely, perpendicular and parallel directions to the axis of compression. Strong dependence of the thermal conductivity anisotropy of the phase composition of materials was revealed.     

Synthesis and electrical properties of dense Bi2Al4O9

Bi₂Al₄O₉ ceramics are difficult to sinter to greater than 80% theoretical density due to peritectic decomposition at 1,070 °C. A novel processing method is discussed where a high-bismuth oxide-based liquid is used as a sintering aid. After sintering, the high bismuth oxide phase is removed by leaching with 40% acetic acid. The resulting samples are phase pure and ∼91% dense. The grain size varies in a wide range with the average grain size of ∼1 μm. The electrical properties of these ceramics were measured as functions of temperature (550–850 °C) and oxygen partial pressure (6×10⁻⁶–1 atm). The total conductivity was separated into electronic and ionic contributions. The low ionic conductivity indicates that the material is not an ‘intrinsically defective fast ion conductor’. The ionic conductivity is due almost exclusively to compensating oxygen vacancies related to impurities. With increasing temperature and decreasing oxygen partial pressure, the electronic conduction dominates over the ionic conduction.     

Fe2O3/Al2O3氧载体制备方法的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法、共沉淀法、水热合成法、低热固相合成法、机械混合法、燃烧合成法和冷冻成粒法制备铁基氧载体Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃,并通过物理和化学表征手段来筛选和优化制备方法和制备工艺。对煅烧后的氧载体进行硬度测试,结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法、共沉淀法、机械混合法、燃烧合成法和冷冻成粒法制备的氧载体硬度较高;载体的X射线衍射(XRD)谱图表明,各种制备方法均能制得物相组成为Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃的氧载体,且随着煅烧温度的提高、煅烧时间的延长,氧载体的结晶度、晶体粒径逐渐增大,煅烧温度1 200℃的氧载体的机械性能、晶体结构、晶相组成更稳定。借助化学吸附仪的程序升温还原(TPR)实验表征氧载体的反应活性,并计算氧载体活性度。综合物理和化学表征实验结果表明,最优制备方法为溶胶-凝胶法和冷冻成粒法。     

Al2O3/TiO2 hybrid nanofluids thermal conductivity

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - This research deals with experimental studies on thermal conductivity variation of Al2O3 and TiO2 hybrid nanofluids with water as the base fluid. In...     

Mechanism of the thermal decomposition of 3CaO·Al2O3·6D2O

The mechanism of the step I and step II of thermal decomposition of 3CaO · Al₂O₃ · 6D₂O was studied. The presence of Ca(OD)₂ was proved in the products of the first step of decomposition. In the calorimeter cell of the Dupont 990 thermoanalyser the enthalpy changesH _r,I=59.2kJ/mole D₂O for step I (210–410°) andDH _rII,1=69.0 kJ/mole D₂O for the first fast part of the step II (stage 1 of the step I, encompassing the temperature interval 410–560°) were measured. This indicates that the dissociation of Ca(OD)₂ is not the only transition taking place in the first fast part (stage 1) of the step II.

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Zusammenfassung Der Mechanismus der I und II Stufe der thermischen Zersetzung von 3CaO · Al₂O₃ · 6D₂O wurde untersucht. Die Gegenwart von Ca(OD)₂ wurde in den Produkten der ersten Zersetzungsstufe nachgewiesen. In der Kalorimeterzelle des Thermoanalysers Dupont 990 wurde die EnthalpieänderungenH _r,i 59.2 kJ/Mol D₂O für Stufe I (210 bis 410°) undH _r,II,I=69.0 kJ/Mol D₂O für den ersten schnellen Teil der Stufe II (»Etappe 1 der Stufe II «) im Temperaturbereich von 410 bis 560° gemessen. Dies zeigt, daß die Dissoziation von Ca(OD)₂ nicht der einzige Übergang in der ersten, schnellen Phase (Etappe 1) der Stufe II ist.

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Résumé On a étudié le mécanisme des deux premières étapes de la décomposition thermique de 3CaO · Al₂O₃ · 6D₂O. La présence de Ca(OD)₂ a été mise en évidence dans les produits de la première étape de décomposition. Les variations d'enthalpie correspondant à la première et à la deuxième étape de la décomposition ont été mesurées à l'aide de la cellule calorimétrique du thermoanalyseur Dupont 990; elles s'élèvent respectivement àH _i,I= 59.2 kJ/mole D₂O pour l'étape I (210–410°) etH _r,II,1= 69.0 kJ/mole D₂O pour la première partie, rapide, de l'étape II («stade l de l'étape II », couvrant l'intervalle 410–560°). Ceci indique que la dissociation de Ca(OD)₂ n'est pas la seule transition qui ait lieu dans la première partie (stade 1) de l'étape II.

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I II · l₂₃ · 6D₂O. I Ca(OD)₂. 990 (210–410°) H_r,I=59.2 / D₂O, II ( 1 II 410–560°) _r,II,I= =69.0 / D₂O. , Ca(OD)₂ , ( I) II.

     

Products of the addition of water molecules to Al3O3- clusters: structure, bonding, and electron binding energies in Al3O4H2-, Al3O5H4-, Al3O4H2, and Al3O5H4

Two stable products of reactions of water molecules with the Al3O3- cluster, Al3O4H2- and Al3O5H4-, are studied with electronic structure calculations. There are several minima with similar energies for both anions and the corresponding molecules. Dissociative absorption of a water molecule to produce an anionic cluster with hydroxide ions is thermodynamically favored over the formation of Al3O3-(H2O)n complexes. Vertical electron detachment energies of Al3O4H2- and Al3O5H4- calculated with ab initio electron propagator methods provide a quantitative interpretation of recent anion photoelectron spectra. Contrasts and similarities in these spectra may be explained in terms of the Dyson orbitals associated with each transition energy.     

Irradiation effects of 6 MeV electron on electrical properties of Al/Al2O3/n-Si MOS capacitors

The influence of 6 MeV electron irradiation on the electrical properties of Al/Al₂O₃/n-Si metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitors has been investigated. Using rf magnetron sputtering deposition technique, Al/Al₂O₃/n-Si MOS capacitors were fabricated and such twelve capacitors were divided into four groups. The first group of MOS capacitors was not irradiated with 6 MeV electrons and treated as virgin. The second group, third group and fourth group of MOS capacitors were irradiated with 6 MeV electrons at 10 kGy, 20 kGy, and 30 kGy doses, respectively, keeping the dose rate ～1 kGy/min. The variations in crystallinity of the virgin and irradiated MOS capacitors have been compared from GIXRD (Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction) spectra. Thickness and in-depth elemental distributions of individual layers were performed using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). The device parameters like flat band voltage (V_FB) and interface trap density (D_it) of virgin and irradiated MOS capacitors have been calculated from C vs V and G/ω vs V curve, respectively. The electrical properties of the capacitors were investigated from the tan δ vs V graph. The device parameters were estimated using C–V and G/ω–V measurements. Poole–Frenkel coefficient (β_PF) of the MOS capacitors was determined from leakage current (I)–voltage (V) measurement. The leakage current mechanism was proposed from the β_PF value.     

Sequential addition of H2O, CH3OH, and NH3 to Al3O3-: a theoretical study

Photoelectron spectra of two species, Al3O3(H2O)2- and Al3O3(CH3OH)2-, that are produced by the addition of two water or methanol molecules to Al3O3- are interpreted with density-functional geometry optimizations and electron propagator calculations of vertical electron detachment energies. In both cases, there is only one isomer that is responsible for the observed spectral features. A high barrier to the addition of a second molecule may impede the formation of Al3O3N2H6- clusters in an analogous experiment with NH3.     

Preparation and electrical properties of ultrafine Ga2O3 nanowires

Uniform and well-crystallized beta-Ga2O3 nanowires are prepared by reacting metal Ga with water vapor based on the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. Electron microscopy studies show that the nanowires have diameters ranging from 10 to 40 nm and lengths up to tens of micrometers. The contact properties of individual Ga2O3 nanowires with Pt or Au/Ti electrodes are studied, respectively, finding that Pt can form Schottky-barrier junctions and Au/Ti is advantageous to fabricate ohmic contacts with individual Ga2O3 nanowires. In ambient air, the conductivity of the Ga2O3 nanowires is about 1 (Omega.m)-1, while with adsorption of NH3 (or NO2) molecules, the conductivity can increase (or decrease) dramatically at room temperature. The as-grown Ga2O3 nanowires have the properties of an n-type semiconductor.     

Structural, microstructural, thermal, and electrical properties of Ni/YSZ cermet materials

Ceramic?Cmetal composites (cermets) containing 4?mol% yttria-zirconia (4YSZ) and Ni particles as anode materials in solid oxide fuel cells were prepared by two methods. The first method involves nickel oxalate dihydrate precipitation on the 4YSZ powder and decomposition at 360?°C in inert Ar atmosphere. The second method consists of impregnation of the 4YSZ pellets with an aqueous solution of nickel nitrate. The temperature of oxalate decomposition was determined on the basis of TG/DTA experiments. Gaseous products of decomposition were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The structure of the materials was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, porosity studies, and particle size measurements. The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) was determined by dilathometric method. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to determine the electrical conductivity. Thus, determined TECs, porosity, and electrical properties were found suitable for anode materials of fuel cells.     

The addition of functionalized graphene oxide to polyetherimide to improve its thermal conductivity and mechanical properties

The thermal and electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of polyetherimide (PEI) containing either alkyl‐aminated (enGO) or phenyl‐aminated graphene (pnGO) oxides were studied. A solution casting method was used to prepare functionalized graphene oxide/PEI composites with different filler contents. The introduction of functionalized graphene oxide to the PEI matrix improved the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties. The thermal conductivities of the enGO 3 wt%/PEI and pnGO 3 wt%/PEI composites were 0.324 W/mK and 0.329 W/mK, respectively, due to the high thermal conductivity of the graphene‐based materials and the strong interface adhesion due to the filler surface treatment between the fillers and the matrix. The electrical conductivities of the functionalized graphene oxide/PEI composites were larger than that of PEI, but the electrical conductivity values were generally low, which is consistent with the magnitude of the insulator. The strong interfacial adhesion between the fillers and the matrix led to improved mechanical properties. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Co-K and Mo-K edges Quick-XAS study of the sulphidation properties of Mo/Al2O3 and CoMo/Al2O3 catalysts

The sulphidation process of two catalysts (Mo/Al₂O₃ and CoMo/Al₂O₃) has been investigated by time-resolved X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. With the unique edge jumping capability available at the SOLEIL synchrotron, studies of cobalt and molybdenum species have been conducted simultaneously on the same bimetallic catalyst. A methodology combining Principal Component Analysis and Multivariate Curve Resolution with Alternating Least Squares methods unravels a 3-stepped or 4-stepped sulphidation process for the bimetallic and monometallic catalysts, respectively. An oxysulphide-based molybdenum species has been identified as an intermediate for Mo/Al₂O₃ and a MoS₃-like species has been observed for both catalysts.     

The effect of Al2O3-coating coverage on the electrochemical properties in LiCoO2 thin films

The electrochemical properties of nanoscale Al₂O₃-coated LiCoO₂ thin films were examined as a function of the coating coverage. Al₂O₃-coated LiCoO₂ films showed enhanced cycle-life performance with increasing degree of coating coverage, which was attributed to the suppression of Co dissolution and F⁻ concentration in the electrolyte. Moreover, an Al₂O₃-coating layer with partial coverage clearly improved the electrochemical properties, even at 60 °C or with a water-contaminated electrolyte. Even though metal-oxide coating on LiCoO₂ has been actively investigated, the mechanisms of nanoscale coating have yet to be clearly identified. In this article, surface analysis suggested that the Al₂O₃-coating layer had transformed to an AlF₃ ∙3H₂O layer during cycling, which inhibited the generation of HF by scavenging H₂O molecules present in the electrolyte.     

加料方式对CuO/ZnO/Al2O3系催化剂前驱体性质的影响

用XRD、TG-DTG、TPR技术研究了不同加料方式对CuO/ZnO/Al2O3系催化剂前驱体物相组成及其结晶情况的影响，用加压微反装置考察了催化剂合成甲醇反应活性。结果表明, 加料方式对Cu2+形成的中间化合物的物相组成及结晶度影响显著,对Zn2+及Al3+的沉淀物相的影响很小。不同加料方式对催化剂前驱体物相组成及催化剂性能的影响主要是形成的初始前驱体中Cu的物相及结晶度不同。正加法主要形成Cu2(OH)3NO3,并流法主要形成无定形Cu2CO3(OH)2,后者与Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6相互作用转化为(Cu,Zn)2CO3(OH)2和（Cu,Zn）5(CO3)2(OH)6，由它们分解形成的CuO-ZnO固溶体是合成甲醇反应的活性相。并流法能最大程度的形成CuO-ZnO固溶体，有利于CuO粒子的细化，其催化活性较好。     

The influence of the water content on the adsorption properties of γ-Al2O3

Summary One of the most important parameters which decide the peaks resolution in HPLC with the nonmodified adsorbents, is the amount of water which is present on the adsorbent surface. This article tries to show that the change in the adsorption properties of -Al₂O₃ is dependent on the amount of adsorbed water. These changes are shown with the help of adsorption isotherms, isosteric heats of adsorption and adsorption energy distributions. The data is analysed on the bases of Jovanovic equations. It was also found that a relationship exists between the Brockman activity scale and the adsorption isotherm of water on -Al₂O₃.