Linear analysis of cyclotron-cherenkov and cherenkov instabilities in dielectric-loaded coaxial waveguides

We present, based on the cold fluid theory, linear analysis of the Cherenkov and cyclotron-Cherenkov instabilities which are driven when a linear electron beam is injected into a dielectric-loaded waveguide immersed in an axial magnetic field. In the analysis we consider azimuthally symmetric TM_0n modes. We derive dispersion relations for three types of waveguide, and compare computationally obtained linear growth rates of both instabilities. For the type A, which consists of a metallic cylinder with dielectric liner on its inner surface, the growth rate of the Cherenkov instability is larger than that of the cyclotron-Cherenkov instability. For the type B, which consists of a dielectric core and an outer metallic cylinder, both growth rates are comparable. And for the type C, which consists of a metallic core with dielectric liner on its surface and an outer metallic cylinder, the growth rate of the latter instability is higher than that of the former instability. Finally, for the type C, obtained are dependences of the oscillation frequency and the growth rates of both instabilities on the following parameters: the beam energy, the beam current, the axial magnetic field, the dielectric constant, and the thickness of the dielectric.     

Tunable hybrid surface waves supported by a graphene layer

We study electromagnetic waves localized near the surface of a semi-infinite dielectric medium covered by a graphene layer in the presence of a strong external magnetic field. We demonstrate that a novel type of hybrid TE-TM polarized surface plasmons can propagate along the graphene layer. We analyze the effect of the Hall conductivity on the polarization properties of these hybrid surface waves and suggest a possibility to tune the graphene plasmons by the external magnetic field.     

New mechanism of the schoch effect in nonmagnetic dielectrics

A new type of a linear relation between the components of the magnetic field vector and those of the elastic strain tensor (a dynamic piezomagnetic interaction) is proposed. This relation is irrespective of the crystal symmetry and of the presence of a magnetic structure in the dielectric medium. This leads to anomalies in the reflection of a beam of shear bulk waves incident from the depth of the nonmagnetic dielectric medium on either its mechanically free surface or its slip boundary with a semibounded magnetic medium.     

On the theory of electromagnetic surface waves in magnetized semiconductor plasma

The paper demonstrates existence of electromagnetic surface waves at the boundary separating a magnetized semiconductor plasma and a dielectric or metal. The external magnetic field is along the interface. As has been shown, slow surface waves of the helicon or Alfven type can exist only with their propagation vector directed obliquely with respect to the magnetic field. The ω-k relations have been found and ranges of existence established both in the frequency domain and that of angles between the propagation vector and the magnetic field.     

Polariton dynamics of a one-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal in crossed magnetic and electric fields

By an example of a semibounded one-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal (MPC) of easy-axis antiferromagnet-nonmagnetic dielectric type placed in mutually orthogonal dc magnetic and electric fields, conditions are found under which the quadratic magneto-optic interaction leads to a number of anomalies in the reflection and propagation conditions for TM or TE waves incident from outside on the surface of the superlattice. It is assumed that the easy magnetic axis is collinear to the electric field.     

横磁模下介质表面二次电子倍增的抑制

在介质加载加速器结构(DLA)内, 提出采用刻槽结构结合外加磁场的方法用于在电磁场横磁(TM)模式下抑制介质表面的电子倍增. 通过理论分析和数值模拟, 比较了刻槽结构和纵向磁场对斜面上电子碰撞能量和渡越时间的影响, 得到了在介质表面同时存在法向RF电场及切向RF电场时, 采用刻槽结构并施加一定的纵向磁场强度, 可有效抑制二次电子倍增的发展, 提高介质面的击穿阈值.     

Nonexponentially Decaying Electromagnetic Waves Localized at the Boundary of Anisotropic Metal–Dielectric Structures

The possibility of the existence of a special class of surface electromagnetic waves with amplitude decreasing nonexponentially as they pass into an anisotropic metal–dielectric structure that borders the isotropic dielectric has been shown. The dispersion equation describing the propagation of such special surface waves has been obtained, and their attenuation coefficients and formula for electric and magnetic fields in contacting media have also been found. The expressions for the longitudinal and transverse components of the Poynting vector and volume density of electric and magnetic energy of special surface waves have been obtained. Numerical calculations for the layered metal–dielectric nanostructure that is described by a uniaxial tensor of effective dielectric permeability have been carried out Decaying.     

Polariton dynamics of a one-dimensional gyrotropic magnetic photonic crystal in a dc electric field: I. Peculiarities of refraction

It is shown that both TE and TM waves incident on the surface of a semi-infinite one-dimensional thin-layer gyrotropic magnetic photonic crystal of the magnetic-nonmagnetic dielectric type can experience a number of refraction anomalies in an external electric field due to the effect of hybridization of evanescent waves in magnetic and nonmagnetic layers. These anomalies are absent under the same conditions in spatially homogeneous media consisting of the same materials as the photonic crystal.     

Inhibiting surface flashover for space conditions using magneticfields

The influence of DC and pulsed magnetic fields on dielectric surface breakdown using pulsed test voltages is investigated for space conditions. Prediction from the saturated surface avalanche breakdown model and the experimental results show magnetic insulation effects i.e. an increase of the flashover voltage at magnetic-field amplitudes as low as 0.1 T. The insulation effects depend on the dielectric material, ambient pressure, surface roughness and presence of background plasma. In order to achieve magnetic insulation without a background plasma, it is sufficient to apply the magnetic field to the cathode region only     

无箔二极管径向绝缘的数值模拟研究

 介绍绝缘子表面闪络的物理机制，对四种径向绝缘结构模型，用PIC数值模拟方法计算绝缘子表面的电场分布，比较它们三结合点以及沿绝缘子表面的合成电场大小，加导引磁场，考虑电子束发射、模拟电子回流对绝缘子表面闪络的影响，由此提出优化结构，对实际工程设计绝缘子有重要意义。     

两种外磁场形式对介质面次级电子倍增的抑制

利用自编1D3V PIC程序,数值研究了不同外加磁场方式对次级电子倍增抑制的物理过程,给出了次级电子数目、平均能量、密度、运动轨迹、渡越时间、介质表面静电场及沉积功率等物理量时空分布关系。模拟结果表明:不同方向外加磁场抑制次级电子倍增的机理有所不同。轴向外加磁场利用电子回旋运动干扰微波电场对电子加速过程,使其碰壁能量降低以达到抑制二次电子倍增的效果;横向外加磁场利用电子回旋漂移过程中,电子半个周期被推离介质表面（不发生次级电子倍增）,半个周期被推回介质表面（降低电子碰撞能量）的作用机理,达到抑制二次电子倍增的效果。讨论了横向磁场在回旋共振下,电子回旋同步加速导致回旋半径增大,电子能量持续增加的特殊过程。两种外加磁场方式都可以通过增加磁场达到进一步抑制次级电子倍增的目的。轴向外加磁场加载容易,但对磁场要求较高;横向外加磁场需要磁场较低,但加载较为困难。     

Photodetachment microscopy of H~- in the magnetic field near different dielectric surfaces

We study the photo-detachment interference patterns of a hydrogen negative ion in the magnetic field near different dielectric surfaces with a semi-classical open orbit theory.We give a clear physical picture describing the photo-detachment of H-in this case.The electron flux distributions are calculated at various dielectric surfaces with unchanged magnetic field strength.It is found that the electron flux distributions of H-are very different in a magnetic field near different dielectric surfaces,namely the dielectric surface has a great influence on the photo-detachment interference pattern of the negative ion.Therefore,the interference pattern in the detached-electron flux distribution can be controlled by changing the dielectric constant.We hope that our studies may guide the future experimental research in photo-detachment microscopy.     

各向异性特异材料波导中表面等离子体的共振性质

使用时域有限差分法,研究了各向异性特异材料(AMM)作为包层的AMM/介质/AMM波导中表面等离子体的共振性质.色散关系表明,当特异材料为负磁导率的always-cutoff型时,AMM/介质/AMM波导支持TE极化的表面等离子体,表面等离子体的波长随着中间介质层的厚度和特异材料磁等离子体频率的减小而变短.在有限长度AMM/介质/AMM波导中,由于两端界面的反射,表面等离子体模在波导中形成Fabry-Perot共振,而实现亚波长的表面等离子体微腔.在共振频率,电场强度在微腔的中部达到最大值,而磁场分别在两端界面处达到最大,电磁能强局域在中间介质层中,这一性质将在可调的具有强局域特性的亚波长微腔及腔量子电动力学中具有潜在的应用.     

强直流场介质表面次级电子倍增效应的数值模拟研究

通过粒子模拟方法,实现了强直流场下介质表面击穿过程中次级电子倍增效应的数值模拟.具体研究了强直流场场强、介质表面光滑度和次级电子产生率等对次级电子倍增的影响,以及倾斜直流场和外加磁场对次级电子倍增的抑制.结果表明,选择次级电子产生率较低的介质材料和倾斜强直流场可以有效降低次级电子倍增效应的强度,而外加磁场必须超过一定值时才可以有效降低次级电子倍增强度. 关键词： 次级电子倍增 强直流场 介质表面击穿 数值模拟     

外磁场对介质表面次级电子倍增效应的影响

本文采用Particle-in-cell数值方法模拟研究了不同强度外磁场条件下的次级电子倍增效应过程,分析了外磁场对次级电子倍增效应的影响.结果表明,当外磁场达到一定强度时,次级电子倍增效应在微波传输的一半时间内被抑制.通过外磁场抑制,在理想条件下可以使介质窗的微波传输功率容量提高4倍以上.     

Generation of an electromagnetic field during rupture of a dielectric

Explicit expressions have been found for the electric current density created in a solid dielectric due to inertial, di = mpole, and quadrupole polarizations of the molecules and atoms in the presence of an external magnetic field and a mechanical disturbance of the medium. We show the importance of considering these polarizations in explaining the electromagnetic radiation from microcracks in dielectric and the formation of surface electric charges in them whose values are the greater the lower the characteristic linear dimension of the microcracks.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 20–25, January, 1995.     

氢负离子在磁场和电介质表面附近光剥离的研究

利用闭合轨道理论, 研究了变化的磁场和不同电介质表面对氢负离子光剥离截面的影响, 并推导出了该体系下的光剥离截面公式. 结果发现, 氢负离子的光剥离截面不仅与磁场的强度有关, 而且还与电介质常数有关. 当氢负离子到电介质表面的距离和电介质常数一定时, 体系的光剥离截面中的振荡随磁场的变化而明显变化. 随着磁场强度的 增大, 体系的闭合轨道数目增多, 光剥离截面的振荡越来越复杂. 当氢负离子到电介质表面的距离和磁场强度一定时, 电介质常数的变化对光剥离截面的影响也很重要, 随着电介质常数的增大, 体系的闭合轨道数目增多, 光剥离截面的振荡也变得越来越复杂. 因此, 可以通过改变磁场强度和电解质常数来调整负离子的光剥离截面. 此结果 对于研究负离子体系在表面附近和外场中的光剥离问题具有一定的参考价值.     

GaAs电介质表面对剥离电子通量分布影响的数值研究

利用半经典开轨道理论,研究了GaAs电介质表面对氢负离子在磁场中的光剥离干涉图样的作用,推导并计算了本体系下的光剥离电子流通量,主要研究GaAs电介质表面到离子的距离不同对电子通量的影响。结果表明,电介质表面到离子的距离可以改变电子通量分布中的振荡结构,影响探测平面上形成的干涉图样的分布。因此,可以通过改变电介质表面到离子的距离来调控剥离电子的通量和干涉图样分布。     

微波磁场和斜入射对介质表面次级电子倍增的影响

分别研究了微波磁场和斜入射微波电场对介质表面次级电子倍增的影响.利用particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo方法,获得了微波磁场和斜入射微波电场条件下电子数量、介质表面直流场、电子平均能量和介质表面吸收功率的时间变化图像.模拟结果表明,斜入射和微波磁场虽然会显著影响电子的平均能量,但对电子数量和介质表面吸收功率的影响并不大,因此不会对微波介质表面击穿产生太大作用.     

Magnetic, dielectric and complex impedance spectroscopic studies of nanocrystalline Cr substituted Li-ferrite

Nanocrystalline Li_0.5Fe_2.5−xCr_xO₄ (2.5≤x≥0) ferrites were prepared by a sol-gel autocombustion route. X-ray diffraction was employed to confirm the cubic spinel phase formation of the ferrites. The lattice parameter decreases with increase in Cr content. The saturation magnetization, coercivity and remanance were studied as a function of Cr content. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss were measured as a function of frequency in the frequency range 20 Hz-1 MHz. Frequency dependence of dielectric constant shows dielectric dispersion due to the Maxwell-Wagner type of interfacial polarization. In order to understand the conduction mechanism, complex impedance measurements were carried out. The substitution of chromium plays an important role in changing the dielectric and magnetic properties of lithium ferrites.