Integrated optoelectronic circuit forecast

A market research study was conducted, leading to a 10-year forecast of worldwide integrated optoelectronic circuit (IOEC) market and application trends. Four IOEC categories were considered: lightwave, imaging array, digital IC interface optical bus, and other devices. It was concluded that worldwide IOEC production will reach $1.71 billion by 1997. It was also concluded that lightwave IOECs will be the leading device category, with commercial communication the leading application.     

基于多模光纤偏芯熔接实现温度和折射率同时测量的光纤传感器

利用偏芯熔接的方法,研制出一种可实现温度和折射率同时测量的光纤传感器。该传感器将一段多模光纤MMF2的左端与一芯径与长度均相同的多模光纤MMF1偏芯熔接,右端与一大芯径多模光纤MMF3对芯熔接构成传感头,利用多模光纤纤芯模和包层模对温度、折射率的敏感性差异,结合敏感矩阵实现了双参量同时测量。实验选取了位于1536.98nm和1545.24nm处的干涉谷进行了温度和折射率的测量,测得1536.98nm处的干涉谷对温度的灵敏度为0.105nm/℃,对折射率不敏感;1545.24nm处的干涉谷对温度的灵敏度为0.052nm/℃,对折射率的敏感性为32.2nm/RIU(RIU表示单位折射率)。该传感器也可应用于其他参量的测量,具有良好的应用前景。     

有增益及损耗的平板波导导模的精确微扰分析

给出求含有增益层与损耗层的突变与渐变折射率剖面多层平板波导导模的微扰与解析计算公式。举例讨论了导模模式的增益（或损耗）与结构参数和偏振的关系，本文方法较求解复本征值的打靶法等简便且节省机时，对于（半导体激光器与半导体激光放大器等）实际遇到的波导结构能给出精确数值结果，并可用以分析材料的增益系数或损耗对ＴＥ和ＴＭ模式及其增益的影响等问题。     

干涉法测量光学材料非线性折射率的方法研究

提出了一种基于楔形平板等厚干涉原理测量光学玻璃非线性折射率变化的方法。在理论分析的基础上,建立了变形的等厚干涉条纹变化△e／e与待测玻璃平片（K9玻璃）折射率变化量△nb之间的数学模型;在选取一定的实验条件下,获得等厚干涉实验测量干涉图样,并利用MATLAB对实验所得的干涉图进行图像数据处理分析计算,恢复出非线性变化光学玻璃材料的折射率变化量△nb该方法的测量精度可达10^-6。     

Optical Fiber Sensing System Based on Long-Period Gratings for Remote Refractive Index Measurement in Aqueous Environments

Abstract

In the field of aqueous environment studies, long-period fiber gratings are very attractive for the real-time monitoring of physical parameters, such as temperature and salinity. However, due to the fiber jacket removal, these are fragile devices when applied in real conditions, where mechanical loads and contamination with algae and other organic materials must be taken into account. This work describes a refractive index sensing head that has been developed and characterized for in situ measurement of water salinity and resistance to hard conditions.     

一种新型温度自补偿高灵敏度折射率计

基于高频CO2激光脉冲写入的新型超长周期光纤光栅(ULPFG),提出了一种可实现温度自补偿的新型高灵敏度折射率计。理论与实验表明,新型超长周期光纤光栅不同闪耀阶次谐振峰对外界折射率与温度变化的灵敏度各自不同,特别的是,该光栅存在对外界折变不敏感的谐振峰,测量中除了可以利用该峰实现温度同时测量外,还可以补偿另一个测量折变的谐振峰因温度变化带来的测量误差。该折射率计具有制作简单、成本低、强度好,灵敏度高等优点,当外界折射率在1.43~1.45范围内变化时,其折射率测量灵敏度可达每单位折射率240 nm,在实际工业应用中具有较大的潜在实用价值。     

CO2激光脉冲边缘写入的长周期光栅折射率特性研究

报道了一种用高频CO2激光脉冲在普通通信光纤包层边缘单侧写入的新型长周期光纤光栅。研究发现,这种长周期光纤光栅的折射率变化主要发生在光纤包层区域,而纤芯的折射率变化较小;同时该光栅的附加损耗低于0.5 dB。进一步折射率特性实验研究表明,由于其特殊的折变结构,这种光栅具有较高的外界环境灵敏度,当外界折射率在1.41~1.45范围内变化时,其谐振波长漂移量高达15.52 nm,比实验测得的用传统方法写入的长周期光纤光栅谐振波长漂移量高出近3倍,这种光栅结构在光纤传感中将具有重要的应用。     

一种离子交换制备的玻璃光波导谐振腔滤波器

采用AgNO3、KNO3混和熔盐作为离子交换源,在K9玻璃上制备了跑道形谐振腔滤波器。测试得到该滤波器的自由光谱范围为0.178 nm,两个输出端口的衬比度分别为1.47 dB和6.5 dB,分析得到耦合器的分束比和谐振腔的传输损耗分别为к=0.16和α=8.1 dB/cm。利用热光效应在16℃的温度变化范围内,滤波器实现了2π的相位调制,同时分析得到波导材料的热光系数约为1.28×10-5/℃。     

光学玻璃折射率精密测量中环境条件修正公式的研究

该文指出了在光学玻璃折射率测量中目前使用的气压修正公式在折射率精密测量中的不适应与缺陷。并从空气折射率的最新计算公式入手,着重研究和提出了新的环境条件修正公式。指出在不同测试精度和不同测试条件下应采用不同的修正公式。     

离子交换铒掺杂硅酸盐玻璃波导光放大特性

将集成光学放大器用于光纤通信系统中是人们越来越感兴趣的课题,由此导致人们寻找与此相适应的稀土掺杂玻璃材料。给出了一系列Er^3 ／Yb^3 共掺杂硅酸盐玻璃波导的制备和光谱特性的基本结果。平面和条型波导均由Ag^ -Na^ 离子交换技术制备。光谱测量显示,所有样品在1532nm都观测到了荧光发射峰．其半高谱宽为19nm。用波长为514．5nm和980nm的激光抽运,测得多数样品中Er^3 离子在亚稳态^4I13.2能级上的荧光寿命均为7ms左右。Er^3 ／Yb^3 共掺杂玻璃的上转换均低于单掺Er^3 玻璃。用250mW,波长为980nm的激光抽运3．5cm长的条形波导,在1536nm波段下得到的最大净增益是5dB,增益谱的半峰全宽是14nm。     

离子交换KTP晶体光波导及其各向异性波导性能研究

采用离子交换法制备了Ｒｂ：ＫＴＰ晶体光波导，在不同波长的耦合光下测量了ＴＥ和ＴＭ偏振波导模式的有效折射率，拟合了波导层折射率的余误差函数分布，证明了波导折射率增量的各向异性，给出了其色散关系；最后计算并讨论了Ｒｂ：ＫＴＰ波导的扩散特性。     

Liquid refractometry: an approach for a continuous measurement

A method is described for obtaining an accurate real-time measurement of the refractive index of liquids. It is based on a modification of the Pulfrich refractometer. The optical arrangement is suitable for in-line industrial applications where a continuous measurement is required. Some experimental results are presented which confirm the feasibility of the method.     

用干涉原理测定液体折射率的新方法

介绍了一种利用干涉原理测定液体折射率的新方法。其基本特点是不需要取样 ,直接无干扰地测定平行平板液池内介质的折射率 ,在适当控制实验条件的情况下 ,测量精度可以达到小数点后 5位。对如何简化计算并消除池壁参数的影响以提高测量精度等问题进行讨论 ,给出了分析结果。以水为检测对象 ,进行了实验验证     

折射率测量新方法—平行光线法

介绍光学玻璃折射率精密测量的一种新方法,其特点是不用度盘测量光束通过棱镜的偏转角,而是把待测玻璃做成一定角度的棱镜,使光线通过时不产生或少产生偏转。误差分析表明,折射率测量精度一般不超过1×10~(-5),这与大家所熟知的V棱镜法的相当。若采用“三元法”进行组合,其精度与最小偏向角法的相当。     

157 nm准分子激光制作的光纤珐-珀干涉折射率传感器

利用157nm激光微加工技术在单模光纤的端面加工一个微槽,用一段光纤将其密封形成一个空气珐-珀腔,这段密封用光纤与两侧的空气界面形成第二个珐-珀腔,传感器干涉条纹由两个珐-珀腔共同作用而成。计算表明,当两珐-珀腔长度接近时,传感器反射光谱的波谷位置会随着外界折射率变化而发生漂移。这种双干涉腔结构提供了一种新的折射率测量方案。实验表明当外界折射率在1．3333～1．4712内变化时,响应为非线性,平均灵敏度为28．21nm／RIU,系统折射率分辨率为3．54×10^-5,与理论计算吻合。     

玻璃波导及两次离子交换法

本文报道Soda-lime玻璃的Ag~+-Na~+和K~+-Na~+离子交换波导的制备、特性分析;并介绍制作表面折射率元件(例如棱镜、透镜)的两次离子交换法,以及用卢瑟福后向散射谱分析玻璃离子交换后表面层的离子分布轮廓。     

Assessment of ion exchanged channel waveguides in glass using interference microscopy

The use of an interference microscope in the assessment of channel waveguides formed by ion exchange in glass is presented. In the particular mode of operation discussed, light is passed through the guide parallel to the surface normal to yield the lateral index profile. It is shown that the surface expansion of the glass that occurs during the exchange has a significant effect on the interference data. A simple method of correcting for this effect is reported and justified. The application of the above technique to the characterisation of Cu ion exchanged channel guides is demonstrated. Some observations concerning the relationship between the index profile and surface expansion profile are made.     

Effect of ion implantation on the refractive index of glass

Studies on the changes of the index of refraction in glass due to ion implantation provide an insight into the structure of amorphous substances, besides being important for the development of techniques for the production of optical integrated circuits. Using a heavy ion accelerator, optically flat samples of Pyrex and Corning borosilicate glass were implanted with ions of gallium and argon at various incident energies and doses. The refractive index was then measured and found to be between 1.5 and 1.8 at a wavelength of 5893 A.U. The change in the refractive index was found to vary linearly with the incident dose irrespective of the ion species. This suggests that bombardment damage is mainly responsible for the effect. The dependence of the refractive index change on the incident dose however depends strongly on the chemical composition of the substrate glass.     

结合计算层析与光学相干层析测量折射率分布

通过将计算层析技术与光学相干层析技术相结合,测量散射介质非均匀折射率分布。该方法测量散射样品折射率分布时,通过光学相干层析技术测量散射样品折射率分布在多个方向上的投影,采用计算层析技术实现对样品折射率分布的层析重建,克服了传统折射率光学测量方法如单纯的基于光学相干层析原理的焦点追迹法和光程匹配法,不能测量散射介质非均匀折射率分布的缺点。采用该方法在实验中对梯度折射率棒的径向相对折射率分布进行层析重建,取得了较好的实验结果。     

Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature Using a Hybrid Fiber Bragg Grating/Long-Period Fiber Grating Configuration

Abstract

A fiber optic sensing system for simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature, based on a hybrid fiber Bragg grating/long-period grating arrangement is described. The experimental results show that this setup has a good performance in terms of linearity and sensitivity, the ratiometric output changes 4%/0.001 RIU and 3.6%/°C, respectively. The sensor resolution for the refractive index is ≈2 × 10^?5 RIU. The simultaneous measurement of the refractive index and temperature was demonstrated. The sensing configuration has the ability to be read-out in reflection and works in the telecommunications window.