环(烷基)(氨基)卡宾及其在烯烃复分解反应中的研究展望

烯烃复分解反应是形成碳碳双键的重要反应之一,其发展与结构明确的钌催化剂[L2X2Ru=CHR]中配体的创制密切相关.1999年,环二氨基卡宾配体的引入极大提高了催化剂的活性、稳定性以及官能团适用性.2005年,Bertrand等发展了一种比环二氨基卡宾具有更强给电子能力的配体──环(烷基)(氨基)卡宾(CAACs)配体,且卡宾中心α位为一季碳原子,这使得其空间环境与其他类型卡宾配体有很大差异.首先概述了CAACs配体的合成及性质,紧接着讨论了其在烯烃复分解催化反应中的研究进展,最后对该领域所存在的问题进行简要分析并对其发展作了展望.     

钌催化烯烃复分解反应的研究进展

综述了近年来在钌催化的烯烃复分解反应领域中的研究进展.着重介绍了该反应的各种基本类型的现状、应用和亟待解决的问题,并介绍了反应的机理以及催化剂的改进.     

烯烃的交叉复分解反应(CM)及其合成应用

概述了近年来烯烃交叉复分解反应的研究进展及其在有机中间体制备、碳水化合物的合成、高分子化学以及工业生产上的应用.     

胺基膦钌卡宾化合物的合成及催化烯烃复分解反应

合成并表征了一类含新型胺基膦配体的Grubbs二代型钌卡宾烯烃复分解催化剂[RuCl₂(H₂IMes)·(R¹HNPR²₂)(=CHPh)], 采用核磁共振波谱和单晶X射线衍射确定了催化剂的结构. 在室温条件下, 以N,N-二烯丙基-对甲苯磺酰胺的关环复分解反应(RCM)为模型, 考察了不同胺基膦配体对钌卡宾催化反应速率的影响. 结果表明, G2?1表现出最佳的催化活性. 通过底物研究发现, G2?1催化剂(摩尔分数, 1%)对双端烯及多端烯的RCM反应具有较好的活性和官能团适应性, 产物收率均>95%; G2?1催化剂同样适用于同(异)端烯底物的交叉复分解反应(CM), 其催化苯乙烯与3-苯氧基丙烯的CM反应时产物收率高达92%.     

氟化银促进烯炔分子内串联反应研究

以烯炔为反应原料,在碱性条件下,顺利地发生分子内串联反应合成了芳基萘类木脂素.研究发现,加入氟化银可以高效地促进反应进行.实验结果表明,以CH2C1CH2C1作溶剂,在AgF和K2CO3存在下,烯炔可以顺利发生分子内串联反应,高产率得到芳基萘类木脂素.     

锌卟啉修饰的双核钌卡宾烯烃复分解催化剂的合成及催化性能检测

为了得到稳定性更好、活性更高的烯烃复分解催化剂,本文采用有机合成的方法,以钌卡宾烯烃复分解催化剂为主体,用锌卟啉进行修饰,得到锌卟啉修饰的Grubbs-Hoveyda型双核钌卡宾烯烃复分解反应催化剂,产物结构使用核磁共振方法进行表征。 用0.1%化学计量催化剂催化几种代表性底物闭环复分解(RCM)反应产率能达到95%,对于特定的交叉烯烃复分解反应(CM),延长反应时间也能得到93%的较高产率。 研究结果为Grubbs-Hoveyda催化剂的修饰提供了新方法和理论依据。     

氮宾/炔烃复分解串联反应研究进展（英文）

在过去的几十年中,氮宾催化转化作为一类直接构建C—N键的高效反应得到了飞速发展,并被广泛应用于含氮杂环化合物的合成.虽然已有多种类型的氮宾前体被报道,并通过各类催化转化反应在构建结构多样性杂环化合物分子中起到了至关重要的作用,然而,氮宾的反应类型还是局限于胺化反应、氮杂环丙烷化反应、磺化反应等有限的几类反应.基于氮宾前体、催化策略(或者催化剂)以及复杂分子合成的相关综述已有很多报道,这篇综述聚焦氮宾与炔烃的加成反应,主要是氮宾/炔烃复分解串联反应.这类反应可以快速合成具有结构多样性的多环、稠环和螺环类含氮杂环类化合物.     

关环复分解反应(RCM)及其催化剂研究进展

综述了近年来关环复分解 (RCM )反应及其催化剂的研究进展 ,对RCM反应发展以来被广泛应用的催化剂 ,如Schrock催化剂和Grubbs催化剂等进行了归纳和总结 ,讨论了RCM反应在全合成中的应用     

非均相催化烯烃交叉复分解反应

烯烃交叉复分解反应作为石油化工领域一种重要过程,为各种单烯烃间的互相转化提供了一条有效的途径。特别是在利用正丁烯生产丙烯和其它重要单烯烃方面,复分解反应受到越来越多的重视。本文对烯烃交叉复分解反应(CM)的进展进行了综述,讨论了CM各种工艺的技术特点及反应机理,重点介绍了WO₃/SiO₂、Re₂O₇/Al₂O₃、MoO₃/Al₂O₃3类催化剂的最新改进及相应的理论分析,试图理清催化剂今后发展的思路,为进一步改进催化剂的性能提供相关的依据。     

Intramolecular

2-Propynyldiarylacetylenes undergo thermal intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition to give benzo[b]fluorene derivatives in good yields. The hybridization of the tether connecting the reacting alkynes has a pronounced effect on the course of the reaction. Theoretical calculations and isotopic labeling studies support a mechanism which involves the generation of a cyclic allene intermediate that evolves to the final benzo[b]fluorene.     

Intramolecular interactions in vinyloxyquinolines

The UV spectra of 2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, and 8-vinyloxyquinolines were obtained, and their structures were subjected to quantum-chemical calculation within the Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) -electron approximation in order to ascertain the effect of the vinyloxy group on the nature of their electron transitions and on their electronic structures. A linear relationship between the difference in the charges on the carbon atoms of the vinyl group and its integral intensity in the IR spectra was established. As a result it was concluded that there is an analogy between the orienting effect of the suhstituents in benzenes and the interaction of the vinyloxy group with the nitrogen atom in vinyloxyquinolines. The polarity of the vinyl group in vinyloxyquinoline hydrochlorides was estimated on the basis of the established dependence.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 12, pp. 1662–1665, December, 1977.     

Intramolecular rearrangements

It has been shown that S--aminoalkyl derivatives of 2-mercaptopyrimidine and 2-mercapto-4, 6-diaminopyrimidine, containing primary and secondary amino groups, undergo S N rearrangement in neutral or weakly alkaline solution, with the formation of the corresponding aminothiols. In the case of derivatives of 2-mercapto-4, 6-diaminopyrimidine, however, the S N rearrangement proceeds more slowly, apparently as a result of the difficulty of formation of the intermediate cyclic compound.For part II, see [9].     

Intramolecular Interaction in Heterocyclic Phosphines

Some specific features of space structure, reactivity, complex formation and unusual physical properties of organic and organophosphorus compounds are due to univalent intramolecular interactions. Several intramolecular interactions observed in heterocyclic phosphines will be discussed in this current paper.     

Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in calixarenes

The construction of a molecular cavity for recognition and catalysis requires either covalent synthesis or intermolecular self-assembly of complementary units. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is another tool to control the cavity-forming process. When properly positioned within the same molecular structure, hydrogen bonding sites are responsible for the formation, preorganization, and binding ability of the host. The most typical examples from the supramolecular chemistry of calixarenes, the key cavity-containing building blocks, and derived from them receptor molecules are discussed.     

Intramolecular energy transfer in water

The evolution of the vibrational motion of a water molecule which has been excited locally is studied. An exact solution is obtained of a model Hamiltonian representing the non-harmonic behaviour of the molecule. Since this is obtained numerically it does not explain what is observed but it leads to a simplified model of the motion in which different aspects can be isolated and discussed. For many initial modes, especially those of higher energy, there is a large initial drop in the probability of finding the energy in the original local mode. This is due to dephasing. The factors involved in dephasing are discussed. A simple hypothesis is suggested which leads to a formula for this drop and this agrees substantially with the graphical evidence. The relation between the drop and the amplitude of the initial mode is also discussed.