Visualization of impinging supersonic free jet on a tilt plate by LIF and PSP

The flow field structures of low density supersonic free jets impinging on a tilt plate are studied by hybrid use of LIF (Laser Induced Fluorescence) and PSP (Pressure Sensitive Paint). The jet through an orifice flows into a low pressure chamber and impinges on the tilt plate with angle from jet axis 45, 60 or 90 degrees. A plane including the jet axis and the normal of the plate is visualized by LIF of seeded iodine molecules, scanning a laser beam along the jet axis. On the other hand, the pressure distribution on the tilt plate is visualized by PSP. In comparing the results of the two methods, the complicated shock wave system is analyzed. Deformations of the Mach disk and the barrel shock are also confirmed.     

Visualization of developing high temperature supersonic impulse jet induced by blast wave simulator

In order to investigate the developing characteristics of a high temperature supersonic impulse jet under an atmospheric ambient condition, we generate jets induced by an incident shock wave at Mach number 2.89, emerging from the open end of a high enthalpy blast wave simulator (HEBS). Developing high temperature supersonic impulse jets were visualized by the direction-indicating color schlieren method and analyzed by numerical calculations. A comparison of the experimental results with literature shows that the unsteady boundary area generated by the HEBS, starts to grow in half the time that the unsteady boundary area needs after the incident shock wave emerges in the literature.     

A PIV study of a supersonic impinging jet

The characteristics of supersonic impinging jets are investigated using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The purpose of the experiments is to understand the jet induced forces on STOVL aircraft while hovering close to the ground. For this purpose, a large diameter circular plate was attached at the nozzle exit. The oscillations of the impinging jet generated due to a feedback loop are captured in the PIV images. The instantaneous velocity field measurements are used to describe flow characteristics of the impinging jet. The important flow features such as oscillating shock waves, slipstream shear layers and large scale structures are captured clearly by the PIV. The presence of large scale structures in the impinging jet induced high entrainment velocity in the near hydrodynamic field, which resulted in lift plate suction pressures. A passive control device is used to interfere with the acoustic waves travelling in the ambient medium to suppress the feedback loop. As a consequence, the large scale vortical structures disappeared completely leading to a corresponding reduction in the entrainment.     

The connection between sound production and jet structure of the supersonic impinging jet

An experimental investigation into the sound-producing characteristics of moderately and highly underexpanded supersonic impinging jets exhausting from a round convergent nozzle is presented. The production of large plate tones by impingement on a square plate with a side dimension equal to 12 nozzle exit diameters is studied using random and phase-locked shadowgraph photography. Discrete frequency sound is produced in the near-wall region of the jet when a Mach disk occurs upstream of the standoff shock wave. Tones cease when the plate distance is approximately 2.2 free-jet cell lengths and the first and second shock waves are located in the free-jet positions. The production of impulsive sound appears to be associated with the collapse of the standoff shock wave during a portion of the oscillation cycle. Results from unsteady plate-pressure measurements indicate that plane-wave motion occurs in the impingement region and a secondary pressure maximum is observed on the plate adjacent to the flow region where sound appears to originate.     

Plasma and heat flux characteristics of a supersonic ammonia or nitrogen/hydrogen-mixture direct-current plasma jet impinging on a flat plate

Spectroscopic and electrostatic probe measurements were made to examine plasma characteristics with or without a titanium plate under nitriding for a 10-kW-class direct-current arc plasma jet generator with a supersonic expansion nozzle in a low-pressure environment. Heat fluxes into the plate from the plasma were also evaluated with a Nickel slug and thermocouple arrangement. Ammonia and mixtures of nitrogen and hydrogen were used as a working gas. The NH/sub 3/ and N/sub 2/+3H/sub 2/ plasmas in the nozzle and in the downstream plume without a substrate plate were in thermodynamical nonequilibrium states. As a result, the H-atom electronic excitation temperature and the N/sub 2/ molecule-rotational excitation temperature intensively decreased downstream in the nozzle although the NH molecule-rotational excitation temperature did not show an axial decrease. Each temperature was kept in a small range in the plume without a substrate plate except for the NH rotational temperature for NH/sub 3/ working gas. On the other hand, as approaching the titanium plate, the thermodynamical nonequilibrium plasma came to be a temperature-equilibrium one because the plasma flow tended to stagnate in front of the plate. The electron temperature had a small radial variation near the plate. Both the electron number density and the heat flux decreased radially outward, and an increase in H/sub 2/ mole fraction raised them at a constant radial position. In cases with NH/sub 3/ and N/sub 2/+3H/sub 2/, a radical of NH with a radially wide distribution was considered to contribute to the better nitriding as a chemically active and non heating process.     

氧碘化学激光器超声速段射流工作方式性能的数值研究

氧碘化学激光器(COIL)的混合喷管内发生的是气体动力学、化学反应动力学以及光学等相互耦合的复杂过程,每个过程都对COIL性能有着至关重要的影响。利用3维计算流体动力学技术,通过求解层流Navier-Stokes方程与组分输运方程对简化的氧碘化学激光RADICL模型进行数值模拟与分析,结合10种组分和21个基元反应的化学反应模型,对COIL超声速段射流情况下喷管内的流动及混合情况,尤其是产率、分解率、泵浦率和小信号增益系数的细致3维空间分布进行研究。结果证明超声速段进行射流有利于提高COIL的性能表现,可以充分利用高增益区,光腔位置增益可以达到0.012 cm-1,与亚声速段射流相比总压恢复性能提高,混合有待加强。     

射流速度和冲击角度对材料去除特性的分析

射流速度和冲击角度会影响冲击射流的动力特性,对射流抛光的材料去除面型和材料去除量有重要的影响。对冲击射流壁面流场结构进行了分析,建立了工件壁面上的速度、压力与冲击角度、射流出口速度的数学关系。在分析理想平面的基础上,重点分析了射流速度和冲击角度的变化对存在表面瑕疵的工件材料去除量的影响。结果表明:对于理想平面,当冲击角度大约为30°时,可得到理想的高斯型面型分布;对于存在瑕疵的工件表面,在小角度冲击时更有利于材料的去除;工件材料的去除量均随着射流速度的增大而增大。     

一种螺旋型Blumlein线的阻抗特性分析

提出了一种结构紧凑的长脉冲发生器,该发生器的螺旋型Blumlein线由内导体（含磁体）、螺旋型中筒和外导体（含磁体）构成,该结构实现了螺旋型Blumlein线和Tesla变压器的一体化。通过对螺旋型Blumlein线的波传输过程分析,给出了慢波系数、开关闭合电流、用于描述形成线闭合开关处界面上波行为的变量因子等参数的计算公式。采用PIC软件对螺旋型Blumlein线的部分波传输过程进行数值模拟,慢波系数等参数的模拟值与计算值基本相符。进行了恒阻抗负载下螺旋型Blumlein线的原理性实验,实验得到的负载波形与编程计算得到的波形基本吻合。     

Properties and applications of cold supersonic gas jet

By analyzing the formation mechanism of a supersonic gas jet, a set of equations which describe the atomic beam properties were established. The influence of initial temperature, initial pressure, background gas pressure and pumping speed was discussed in detail. A simulation program was developed based on the equations, and the results under different initial conditions were obtained. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data, and suggest that, in order to get much smaller transverse momentum in collision experiments, it is necessary to lower the initial temperature and the initial pressure of the supersonic gas jet, together with increasing the pumping speed. These results are very instructive for construction of a new generation of cold supersonic gas jets.     

射流冲击泡沫金属强化电子器件冷却的实验研究

实验研究射流冲击泡沫金属的强化传热在电子器件冷却中的作用,分析热流密度、传热面与喷射气流温度差、喷射速度和喷嘴距泡沫金属上表面的高度等因素对传热特性的影响。在泡沫金属材质为铜,孔隙率为0.96,喷嘴宽度为0.5cm的情况下,喷嘴距泡沫金属上表面高度越低和喷射速度越大,泡沫金属的传热效果越明显,冷却效果越显著,并对实验数据,进行最小二乘法拟合,得到相应的拟合方程式。该文的分析结果,可为射流冲击泡沫金属强化传热技术的应用提供一定指导和借鉴。     

室内脉冲声场中声强的测量研究

采用多次重复发射的声源配合装置在缓慢转动平台上的接收传声器所组成的测量系统(简称为RRS),它等效于多个完全匹配的传声器组成的圆型阵列。文中着重阐述了借助此技术测量房间内脉冲声场中声强的时间与空间分布特性。阐明了以RRS测量入射脉冲声强的理论基础,分别对离散的脉冲声场及扩散声场提出了测量声强的定量关系式,对实验结果及应用作了分析与讨论。