Status of the Yakutsk Air Shower Array and Future Plans

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - The Yakutsk Extensive Air Shower Array has been continuously operating for more than 50 years (since 1970) and up until recently it has been one of world’s largest...     

北京谱仪桶部簇射计数器性能的研究

研究了北京谱仪桶部簇射计数器的性能,对刻度和重建方法作了改进,更好地确定了z向位置坐标,改善了位置分辨率,给出了正确的簇射发展方向.     

IceHEP high energy physics at the South Pole

With the solar and SN87 neutrino observations as proofs of concepts, the kilometer-scale neutrino experiment IceCube will scrutinize its data for new particle physics. In this paper, we review the prospects for the realization of such a program. We begin with a short overview of the detector response and discuss the reach of “beam” luminosity. After that we discuss the potential of IceCube to probe deviations of neutrino-nucleon cross-sections from the Standard Model predictions at center-of-mass energies well beyond those accessible in man-made accelerators. Then we review the prospects for extremely long-baseline analyses and discuss the sensitivity to measure tiny deviations of the flavor mixing angle, expected to be induced by quantum gravity effects. Finally, we discuss the potential to uncover annihilation of dark matter particles gravitationally trapped at the center of the Sun, as well as processes occurring in the early Universe at energies close to the Grand Unification scale.     

Two Bursts of Ultra-High Energy Gamma Rays Detected by the Baksan Air Shower Array

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - During a Cygnus X-3 campaign many years ago the Carpet air shower array of the Baksan Neutrino Observatory had recorded two bursts from two different sources: from the...     

Main results of the study of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays in the Yakutsk Extensive Air Shower Array

This paper describes the current state of the Yakutsk Extensive Air Shower Array (EASA) and the prospects for its modernization. The main results of the study of the energy spectrum, mass composition, and anisotropy of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) that were obtained recently by the array are given.     

New Method for Estimating the Energy of Extensive Air Showers from Signals of Ground-Based Detectors of the Yakutsk Extensive Air Shower Array

A new method has been proposed for estimating the energy of inclined extensive air showers from signals of ground-based scintillation detectors of the Yakutsk extensive air shower array that are located at a distance of 600 m from the shower axis in the plane of the array and from the calculations of these signals within two hadron interaction models. New estimates of the energy have been obtained for 116 showers detected in different years. It has been shown that the energy spectra of particles of primary cosmic radiation measured at the Yakutsk array are in agreement with world data.     

Ultra-High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy with the Carpet Air Shower Array at the Baksan Neutrino Observatory

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - The Carpet facility of the Baksan Neutrino Observatory (Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences) was put into operation...     

北极地区夏季太阳辐照度变化研究

辐照度变化影响着北极冰雪的消融速率,是全球气候变化研究的一个重要组成部分。基于2010年中国第4次北极科学考察光谱测量数据,通过对比、主成分变换等分析了北极地区夏季辐照度的变化,并探讨了其变化原因。太阳辐照度的变化与多种因素有关,最直接的影响因素是天气以及太阳高度;在北极高纬度地区,太阳高度角极低,太阳辐射能量受到的大气衰减作用明显,研究表明,较短波长的光谱对太阳高度变化更敏感,而天气对辐照度的影响随着波长的增大而增大。此外,大气中水分含量也影响着到达地面的太阳辐射,水分影响主要表现在特定的波段而不是整个光谱区间内。     

A Method for Estimation of the Parameters of the Primary Particle of an Extensive Air Shower by a High-Altitude Detector

A method for estimation of the parameters of the primary particle of an extensive air shower (EAS) by a high-altitude detector complex is described. This method was developed as part of the Pamir-XXI project. The results may be useful for other high-altitude projects and the EAS method in general. The specific configurations of optical detectors for Cherenkov EAS radiation and charged-particle detectors, the methods for data processing, and the attainable accuracy of reconstruction of parameters of primary particles (energy, direction, mass/type) are presented. The results primarily cover optical detectors that are suitable for studying EASs from primary nuclei in the range of energies E⁰ = 100 TeV–100 PeV and showers from primary γ-quanta with energies of E_γ ≥ 30 TeV. Grids of charged-particle detectors designed to determine the EAS direction and energy in the E⁰ = 1 PeV–1 EeV range are also considered. The obtained accuracy estimates are the upper limits of the actual experimental accuracies.     

Distribution of Shower Particles as Obtained in the Analysis of a 10 + 13p Shower Event

We present here the analysis of an accelerator produced 10 + 13p shower event observed in nuclear emulsion. The DULLER -WALKER method is applied to obtain the distribution of secondary shower particles, and the particles having the closest log₁₀ tan θ_L values are taken to form a cluster. This cluster formation is also confirmed by the target diagram method. If this cluster is conceived to be a high spin resonance and the secondary pions to be the decay products of this resonance, then the azimuthal integral distribution curve fits fairly well with our experimental data.     

利用羊八井广延大气簇射阵列探测来自壳型超新星遗迹G40.5-0.5的TeV Gamma射线发射

利用羊八井广延大气簇射阵列从2000年10月到2001年9月的数据,对壳型超新星 遗迹G40.5-0.5可能的TeV gamma射线发射进行了探测. 用对扩展源的二维分析方法发现一个最高超出为4.4σ的天区,EGRET不明源GeV J1907+0557非常接近 这一最高超出天区的中心.     

Search for a TeV Gamma Rays Emission from the Shell-like SNP G40.5-0.5 Using the Yangbajing Extend Air Shower Array

Using observation data of the Yangbajing extensive air shower array from October 2000 to September 2001, the TeV gamma rays from the shell-like SNR G40.5-0.5 direction were detected. A region with the highest excess of 4.4σ was found using two dimensional analysis method.The position of EGRET unidentified source GeV J1907+0557 is near the centrer of the region.     

基于Labview的迈克尔逊干涉仪测量空气折射率虚拟实验研究

对迈克尔逊干涉仪测量空气折射率干涉实验的物理特征进行了仿真研究并动态展示了实验结果.     

浅谈杯鼓实验中空气柱的选频作用

本文首先通过杯鼓实验得到了不同空气柱长度下杯内声波的频域图,然后基于波动理论解析分析了边界振动有衰减时空气柱的共振频率及振幅,结果表明空气柱长度在声波传播过程中具有明显的选频作用。     

Study of Muons in Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Air Showers with the Telescope Array Experiment

One of the uncertainties in the interpretation of ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) data comes from the high-energy hadronic interaction models used for air shower Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations. A long-standing problem of the so-called “muon excess”, the discrepancy of number of muons predicted by simulations and observed in the data, is believed to be caused by the incompleteness of modern hadronic interaction models, all of which are known to use the extrapolated values of the parameters of hadronic interactions, such as cross sections and multiplicities. The present work is dedicated to the study of muon densities in UHE extensive air showers from the Telescope Array experiment surface detector data. In the 7-year-data from the Telescope Array experiment, we find that the number of particles observed for signals with an expected muon purity of ∼65% at a lateral distance of 2000 m from the shower core is 1.72 ± 0.10(stat.) ± 0.37(syst.) times larger than the MC prediction value using the QGSJETII-03 model for the proton-induced showers. A similar effect is also seen in comparison with other hadronic models such as QGSJETII-04, which shows a 1.67 ± 0.10 ± 0.36 excess. We also studied the dependence of these excesses on lateral distances and found a slower decrease of the lateral distribution of muons in the data as compared to the MC, causing larger discrepancy at the larger lateral distances.     

Spectral least squares quantification of several atmospheric gases from high resolution infrared solar spectra obtained at the South Pole

Spectral least squares fitting has been used to analyze high resolution (0.02 cm^-1) i.r. solar spectra obtained at the South Pole in 1980. The spectral regions analyzed allow the simultaneous quantification of CO₂, H₂O, N₂O, CH₄, and O₃. Information is obtained on the column amount and on the vertical distribution.     

水中空气隔层衰减冲击波性能研究

 根据鱼雷对舰船毁伤的特点,建立了多介质水下爆炸数值模型,提出了交界面处理及广义光滑长度计算方法,编制了多介质水下爆炸计算程序,并对水下爆炸空气隔层衰减冲击波的性能进行了定量分析。结果表明：无论是接触爆炸还是非接触爆炸,空气隔层均可有效衰减冲击波,并且接触爆炸中空气隔层衰减冲击波的效果更好,最大可使冲击压力峰值降低约55%;空气隔层厚度与爆炸厚度之比为1时便可达到较好的衰减冲击波效果,继续增加空气隔层厚度对衰减冲击波效果影响不大。研究结果可为舰船结构防护及防雷舱的结构设计提供参考。     

表现性评价在物理实验教学中的应用

在教学的整个过程中,对学生的评价是比较重要的一个环节,为了能够更好的促进学生的全面发展,培养学生个性的形成,必须采取有效的的评价方式。表现性评价注重对学生学习过程的评价,对学生多角度进行评价,注重通过学生自己呈现问题答案或展示作品来判断学生对知识与技能的掌握程度。通过物理实验教学中运用表现性评价方式的教学为案例,明确表现性评价的操作过程,制定评价量表,细化评价标准,为教师在实验教学过程中提供评价依据。