恒电位阶跃法研究贮氢合金MlNi_(3.75)Co_(0.65)Mn_(0.4)Al_(0.2)中氢的扩散行为

本文用恒电位阶跃法研究了不同放电深度 (DOD)和不同温度下贮氢合金MlNi3.75Co0 .6 5Mn0 .4 Al0 .2 中氢的扩散行为 .结果表明 :室温下该合金中氢的扩散系数随DOD的增大而增大 ,在5 0 %DOD的该合金中 ,氢的扩散系数随温度的升高而增大 ,扩散活化能为 19.87kJ/mol     

MH电极中氢扩散系数的测定及其应用

利用恒流放电法测定了金属氢化物(MH)电极中氢原子扩散系数的平均值. 通过恒电位法测定了MH电极中氢原子的扩散系数与其荷电态(SOC)的关系. 根据MH电极模型可知, 增大氢原子扩散系数或减小储氢合金粒径均能提高MH电极的快速充电性能, 并能计算出MH电极在不同的初始荷电态、不同充电倍率下, 表面氢原子浓度达到最大值所需的时间.     

温度对贮氢合金MINi~3~.~7~5Co~0~.~6~5Mn~0~.~4Al~0~.~2动力学性能的影响

在-20℃～85℃的范围内系统地研究了温度对贮氢合金MINi~3~.~7~5Co~0~.~6~5Mn~0~.~4Al~0~.~2动力学性能的影响。结果表明：该贮氢合金电极的电化学反应电阻R~t,欧姆内阻R~0,阴极极化过电位,阳极极化过电位,阳极极化过程中的电化学反应过电位η~a和浓差极化过电位η~c均随温度的升高而减小,该电极的交换电流密度i~0,对称因子β和电极中氢的扩散系数D随温度的升高而增大。当放电电流密度较低时,电化学反应是整个电极过程的速度控制步骤;当放电电流密度较高时,氢的扩散是整个电极过程的速度控制步骤;在中等放电电流密度下,电极过程由电化学过程和氢的扩散过程混合控制。该电极中电化学反应过程和氢扩散过程的活化能分别为28.1kJ.mol^-^1和19.9kJ.mol^-^1。     

温度对贮氢合金MlNi3.75Co0.65Mn0.4Al0.2动力学性能的影响

在-20℃～85℃的范围内系统地研究了温度对贮氢合金MINi3.75Co0.65Mn0.4Al0.2动力学性能的影响.结果表明:该贮氢合金电极的电化学反应电阻Rt,欧姆内阻Ro,阴极极化过电位,阳极极化过电位,阳极极化过程中的电化学反应过电位ηa和浓差极化过电位ηa均随温度的升高而减小,该电极的交换电流密度i0,对称因子β和电极中氢的扩散系数D随温度的升高而增大.当放电电流密度较低时,电化学反应是整个电极过程的速度控制步骤;当放电电流密度较高时,氢的扩散是整个电极过程的速度控制步骤;在中等放电电流密度下,电极过程由电化学过程和氢的扩散过程混合控制.该电极中电化学反应过程和氢扩散过程的活化能分别为28.1 kJ·mol-1和19.9 kJ·mol-1.     

由扩散阻抗过渡区求金属氢化物电极中氢扩散系数的不确定性(英文)

本文参照文献[1] 报导的利用扩散阻抗过渡区求金属氢化物电极中氢扩散系数的方法测定了MlNi3.75Co0 .6 5Mn0 .4 Al0 .2 电极中氢的扩散系数 .结果发现 :运算过程中由于所用到的一些函数具有周期性 ,使计算结果变为多解 ,而且这些解之间存在着数量级上的差别 ;对同一组实验数据 ,过渡区内依据不同频率点求得的扩散系数也很不同 .总之 ,该方法尚不成熟 ,有待于进一步完善     

基于等离子体的二甲醚部分氧化重整制氢研究

应用自制的车载等离子体富氢气体制备装置,进行了二甲醚(DME)部分氧化重整制氢实验,研究了操作参数、结构参数、电极材料和电极散热特性对产物中气体组成和氢产率的影响。结果表明,常温常压下,H2的体积分数和氢产率随占空比和放电频率的增大先增大后减小,当占空比为80%和频率为170 Hz时分别达到最大;随电极直径的增大和发生腔数量的增加而增大,随正极散热能力的提高而降低;当空醚比从0.5增大到4.0时,H2的体积分数随空醚比的增大而逐渐减小,氢产率则先增大后减小,空醚比为3.5时氢产率最大;选用铱合金正极、铜质负极以及合适的发生腔半径对产氢有利。     

计时电量法求NiCl2(bpy)3在DMF中的扩散系数和速率常数

讨论了NiCl₂(bpy)₃(bpy：2,2-联吡啶)在DMF中的电化学行为. 控制电位使电极过程处于扩散控制下, 采用计时电量法求得了29 ℃时NiCl₂(bpy)₃在DMF中的扩散系数为5.99×10^－6 cm²•s^-1, 不同温度下的扩散系数随温度升高而增大. 选择合适的电极电位, 使电极过程处于扩散和电化学混合控制下, 采用计时电量法求得了不同电极电位下的反应速率常数k_f, 以及不同温度下的标准速率常数k⁰, 求得了表观活化能为14.4 kJ•mol^-1.     

温度对酚类在活性炭上表面扩散的影响

测定了不同温度和浓度条件下苯酚和氯代苯酚在活性炭上的吸附，采用非线性回归流出曲线的方法获得了对应于不同温度和浓度的酚的表面扩散系数。结果发现：温度升高，表面扩散系数增大；同一温度下，浓度增大，表面扩散系数增大。数据分析结果表明酚表面扩散系数与吸附温度的关系符合Arrhenius方程，而酚表面迁移活化能与浓度的关系可用经验式E=E0＋Acβ表示。     

温度对掺杂球形Ni(OH)_2质子扩散的影响

应用微电极恒电位阶跃法研究了在Ni(OH) 2 电极的阳极及阴极过程反应中 ,温度对球形Ni(OH) 2 的质子扩散系数和表观扩散活化能的影响 .研究表明 ,于Ni(OH) 2 中掺杂Co和Co +Zn后可降低其阳极和阴极过程的表观扩散活化能 ,增大质子扩散系数 ,掺Co的效果更加明显 ,而掺Zn则增大表观扩散活化能 ,降低了扩散系数 .这说明前者的掺入其作用是降低了质子扩散阻力使电极的反应活性增加、而后者的掺入则是增大了质子的扩散阻力而使电极反应活性降低 .     

金电极析氢反应过程中吸附氢原子的表面扩散及复合反应动力学研究

用特别设计的以平面金电极为工作电极,以Nafion膜为固体电解质的实验装置,对金电极析氢反应过程中吸附氢原子的表面扩散及吸附氢原子复合为氢分子的反应进行了定量研究,发现吸附氢原子在金表面上的扩散及复合反应引起了电流增加.对这一随时间变化的电流增加数据进行计算机模拟和数值拟合,得到金电极析氢反应中吸附氢原子的表面扩散系数、复合反应常数及其它动力学参数,并对数据进行了讨论.     

Ti-V-Nb-Cr-Ni电极合金的微观结构及某些动力学性能研究

本文采用XRD，FESEM-EDS及电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等方法对V基固溶体Ti_0.25V_0.34Nb_0.01Cr_0.10Ni_0.30电极合金的微观结构及某些动力学性能，如交换电流密度(i₀)、氢的扩散系数(D)等进行了研究。XRD和FESEM-EDS分析测试结果表明：Ti_0.25V_0.34Nb_0.01Cr_0.10Ni_0.30电极合金由BCC结构的V基固溶体主相和少量的TiNi基第二相组成，其中，V基固溶体主相为树枝晶形状，TiNi基第二相呈网格状围绕着树枝晶。EIS及其等效电路分析结果表明，电极表面电化学反应的电荷转移电阻(R_T)随着温度的升高而降低，而交换电流密度和氢在合金本体中的扩散系数随着温度的升高而升高。在343 K时的交换电流密度分别为323 K和303 K的3.6倍和13.6倍，氢的扩散系数略有升高。电化学反应的表观活化能(Δ_rH)59.091 kJ·mol^-1远高于AB₅型合金的28.10 kJ·mol^-1。Ti_0.25V_0.34Nb_0.01Cr_0.10Ni_0.30合金电极的放电容量在303～343 K较宽的温度区间内随温度的升高而增加，且高温倍率放电(HRD)性能优于低温，当放电电流密度较大时，氢的扩散是放电过程的主要速度控制步骤。     

A thermostatic cell with gas diffusion electrode for oxygen reduction reaction under fuel cell relevant conditions

A thermostatic cell with gas diffusion electrode (GDE) as working electrode has been developed, where gas reactant is directly supplied to the catalysts surface through the porous GDE. The setup greatly eliminates the interferences of temperature-dependent change in mass transport (solubility, diffusion coefficient) of gaseous reactants on the kinetic analysis, as demonstrated by results from the cyclic voltammetric measurements of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on Pt-GDE at various temperatures. In contrast to the previous studies using rotating disk electrode or flow cell systems, a monotonically increase in the ORR current with decrease in potential from 1.0 to 0.3 V or with the increase in temperature from 5 to 70 °C is observed. The versatile applicability of such setup for the kinetic studies of reactions with gaseous reactants is discussed.     

计时电流法测定Fe3+在离子液体BPBF4中的扩散系数

室温离子液体(简称离子液体)作为新型的反应介质和功能材料受到学术界和产业界的高度关注,正在迅速成为多学科交叉的前沿研究领域和具有良好应用前景的“绿色”高新技术,过渡金属化合物是许多重要反应的催化剂,过渡金属离子在室温离子液体中的性质是工业界关心的课题,有关过渡金属的离子液体的研究,     

Bio-sensing using recessed gold-filled capillary amperometric electrodes

A novel recessed electrode is reported for amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide and via glucose oxidase for the detection of glucose. The electrode utilised electrodeposited platinum over a gold wire surface, which proved to be an effective peroxide-detecting surface. Compared with a traditional exposed electrode surface, the recessed tip facilitated an extended linear range for glucose from 4 to over 14 mM. Bio-fouling, as assessed by exposure to bovine serum albumin, was also significantly reduced. Though response time at the recess was increased, it was within an acceptable range for physiological monitoring. Moreover, the recess enabled precise measurement of the hydrogen peroxide diffusion coefficient; this was based on a bipartite expression for the transient amperometric current at the recessed structure following a step change in ambient hydrogen peroxide concentration. An important aspect of the diffusion measurement was the curve fitting routine used to map on to the theoretical response curve.     

α-Al2O3阻氢微观机制研究

采用基于密度泛函理论广义梯度近似下的平面波赝势方法研究了刚玉(α-Al2O3)的阻氢微观机制, 对氢原子在α-Al2O3中的占据结构进行了计算, 发现氢原子占据空隙位置时能量最低, 寻找其过渡态得到活化能为1.59 eV, 利用动力学计算得到了氢原子在α-Al2O3中的扩散系数表达式为D(T)=(3.37×10-7)exp(-1.59/kT). 结果表明, 氢原子占据在α-Al2O3八面体空隙处的结构最稳定; 低温时扩散难以发生; 高温时扩散沿着空隙方向.     

Use of membranes for equivalence point indication-VIII Electrochemical characterization of BaSO(4)-parchment membrane-electrode

Some new aspects of the electrochemical characterization of the BaSO(4)-parchment membrane-electrode are discussed. The electrode function E vs. pH is strongly affected by the ionic strength of the external solution. The electrode is mainly selective for hydrogen, and without interference from sodium ions. The basis of operation of the electrode is selective diffusion. This conclusion is supported by the temperature coefficient, the response rate, and the impedance measurements.     

Calculation of effective diffusion coefficient in a colloidal crystal by the finite-element method

The work is devoted to the calculation of effective diffusion coefficient of ions from the bulk solution to the electrode through a mask and the calculation of the distribution of the limiting current density over the electrode surface. A colloidal crystal, which is formed by orderly arranged monodispersed spherical particles, serves as a mask. It is shown that the diffusion of electroactive ions in the pores between spherical particles can be simulated by unit cells with rhombic, rectangular, or triangular cross-section. In the latter case, the cell side surface has no periodical boundaries. This simplifies significantly the numerical solution of the Laplace??s equation by the finite-element method. The effective diffusion coefficient in the bulk colloidal crystal is calculated at various values of its porosity. The calculated results agree well with the literature data. It is found that, for close-packed spherical particles, the relative effective diffusion coefficient in the bulk colloidal crystal is 0.16. The thicknesses of transient zones adjacent to the electrode surface and outer boundary of colloidal crystal and the effective diffusion coefficients for these zones are determined. The dependence of effective diffusion coefficient on the number of spherical particle layers in the colloidal crystal is obtained. The distribution of the limiting current density over the electrode surface is analyzed at various numbers of particle layers.