Facility for preparation of gas mixture in muon catalyzed fusion experiments

A facility is described that allows safe handling of high tritium gas activity as dozens kilocuries in a regular laboratory environment. It is used to make and deliver into the target a mixture of specific isotopic composition with the contamination requirement of 10^-7 v.f. for Z>1 elements, and recover it upon completion of operation. With this facility, efforts have been accomplished to investigate into the muon catalyzed fusion on two targets – liquid tritium and high-pressure tritium types. Also, the operation range was 0.1–120 MPa for pressure and 20–800 K for temperature and the amount of tritium used was about 100 kCi. The facility showed reliability in operation without indications of radiation beyond the safety level. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

聚变堆遥操作上层协同控制系统设计和测试

为了解决聚变堆遥操作维护上层控制系统普遍存在的软件功能模块过于集中、拓展性差、不具备中层运动规划能力等问题,设计了一种基于机器人操作系统(ROS)的上层协同控制系统。该系统采用分布式架构,基于市场成熟的开发平台进行设计,集成了中层运动规划与动力学虚拟仿真功能。通过“轴销抓取”的实验场景测试的结果表明：该系统满足设计需求,运行稳定。     

High precision study of muon catalyzed fusion in D2 and HD gas

Muon catalyzed dd fusion in D₂ and HD gases in the temperature range from 28 to 350 K was investigated in a series of experiments based on a time-projection ionization chamber operating with pure hydrogen. All main observables in this reaction chain were measured with high absolute precision including the resonant and non-resonant ddμ formation rates, the rate for hyperfine transitions in dμ atoms, the branching ratio of the two charge symmetric fusion channels ³He + n and t + p and the muon sticking probability. The report presents the final analysis of the data together with a comprehensive comparison with calculations based on recent μCF theories. The energy of the loosely bound ddμ state with quantum numbers J = 1, ν = 1, which is central to the mechanism of resonant molecule formation, is extracted with precision ?₁₁(fit) = ?1.9651(7) eV. in impressive agreement with the latest theoretical results ?₁₁(theory) = ?1.9646 eV.     

Z箍缩驱动聚变-裂变混合堆氚燃料循环系统氚盘存量与氚自持初步分析

为研究氚自持条件,建立了Z-FFR氚分析模型,基于理论方程和氚平均滞留时间方法进行计算,得到稳态运行时排灰气处理系统、氚增殖提取系统、同位素分离系统、水去氚化系统的氚质量流分别为52.30,25.40,81.30,3.60 g/day,对应的氚盘存量为52.30,25.40,8.13,1.80 g。同时以氚质量流推导出氚自持判断条件,分析了设计参数能够满足氚自持要求,同时获得了燃烧效率、氚增殖率、提取效率与氚自持的互补关系,三者作为关键参数相互依存,于临界值、设计值、理想值之间分析了氚的自持情况。     

聚变示范堆气体注入系统氚渗透分析

以中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)的堆芯参数为例, 参照ITER 的相关工程设计,对聚变示范堆(DEMO) 气体注入系统(GIS)作出了初步的管道布局考虑。基于此布局,计算了稳态运行下GIS 含氚管道气流压降,对燃料储存与输运系统的泵压头提出了要求,得出相应泵压头下GIS 的氚渗透量。计算结果表明,重力势是管道气流压降的主要原因,在负压情况下,GIS 的氚渗透对整体氚循环的影响不大。这为研究DEMO 的氚自持问题提供了相关参数,为GIS歧管布局的进一步优化奠定了基础。     

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In the present work, tritium permeation issue of gas injection system (GIS) in DEMO were focused. Based on the reactor core parameters of Chian Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) and referring to accumulated experience of GIS design in ITER, preliminary pipes layout of DEMO GIS was performed. Steady-state tritium gas pressure drop calculation along the pipes and pump head request to the fuel storage and delivery system were made on the basis of the GIS’s structure layout. Tritium permeation under corresponding pump head was calculated at the same time. According to the calculation results, gravitational potential is the main determinant to pressure drop in pipe flow and the tritium permeation in GIS is of little amount to the whole tritium cycle in the case negative pressure. So this work offers related parameters to tritium self-sufficiency issues in DEMO, and also lays the foundation for further optimization of GIS’s structure layout.     

聚变反应随时间变化诊断装置辐射转换体设计

聚变反应随时间变化诊断装置是惯性约束聚变(ICF)研究中的一项重要诊断设备, 使用蒙特卡罗程序Geant4研究了基于气体切伦科夫探测器的聚变反应随时间变化诊断装置的时间分辨和辐射转换效率,给出了优化后的辐射转换体材料厚度,以及CO2气室压力与长度。模拟计算表明,优化后的系统时间分辨可达22 ps左右,伽马-切伦科夫光子转换效率可达4.710-3 Cherenkov photons/gamma。     

A high‐pressure and controlled‐flow gas system for catalysis research

A high‐pressure gas rig for in situ catalytic reactions at X‐ray absorption spectroscopy beamline (BM26A) has been developed. The rig enables catalysts to be studied in a variety of cells under well controlled and industrially relevant operation conditions. A large variety of gas mixtures can be generated and pressures of up to 50 bar with dry gas and 20 bar with wet gas (steam) can be obtained. Analyses of reaction products can be performed using an on‐line mass spectrometer.     

Epithermal effects in muon catalyzed fusion in H/D/T mixtures at low deuterium and tritium concentrations

The results of a Monte Carlo simulation of muon catalyzed fusion in H/D/T mixtures at low deuterium and tritium concentrations are presented, and the kinetics of the dt branch of the CF cycle is discussed. It is shown that the epithermal effects in the dt cycle produce a multicomponent structure in the time spectra of dt fusion, in agreement with the recent experimental results obtained by the CF collaboration at PSI. The importance of further studies of the CF reactions in triple mixtures is emphasized.     

红外气体传感器多光路光学系统设计

在实验研究的基础上分析了采用红外发光二极管为光源的气体传感器在设计中应考虑的几个因素。对四种设计方案进行了比较 ,从而提出了双光源四探测器的新型多光路光学系统设计方案。采用这种光学系统不但可以对温度、环境、气室尘染、器件失配等引起的干扰进行补偿 ,而且还可以对由光源发光功率和探测器响应度变化引起的传感器灵敏度的波动进行补偿。对新光学系统进行的实验分析表明 ,该光学系统的长期工作稳定性和温度稳定性都优于其它设计方案     

重离子加速器实验环内靶控制系统

介绍了国家大科学工程项目——兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环实验环团簇内靶装置的控制系统.该系统基于VAC800,VAC600和TC硬件平台,集成了温度测量与控制、真空与阀门监控及分子泵监控等功能,能够实时实现对温度、真空度的远程监控,满足了内靶实验的需求.在该控制系统的支持下,成功地完成了Me54+离子与氮气靶碰撞实验.该...     

TD-SCDMA通信系统用大功率高温超导滤波器

针对TD-SCDMA通信系统的要求,设计了一种可以承载大功率信号的双模高温超导滤波器,给出了双模大功率滤波器的设计理论、设计过程以及功率承载能力的推算。滤波器用LAO基片的高温超导薄膜制作,中心频率为2017.5MHz,通带宽度为15MHz,功率承载能力达到10W以上,滤波器的测试结果与设计结果吻合较好。     

用于电磁驱动实验装置CQ-7的多间隙气体开关

基于电磁驱动实验装置CQ-7研制需求,设计了一套6间隙气体开关,开关高131 mm,直径108 mm,总间隙36 mm,开关电感约40 nH。采用模拟软件Ansoft Maxwell计算分析开关电场强度分布,电场分布较均匀,不均匀系数为1.14。开展了开关放电特性研究,充电100 kV条件下,开关放电电流峰值可达70 kA,放电延时约35 ns,抖动3 ns。根据开关自击穿电压值,采用正态分析开关自击穿概率,开关80%安全系数下,自放电概率小于10-4。该开关满足CQ-7实验装置研制需求。     

Diagnostic technique for measuring fusion reaction rate for inertial confinement fusion experiments at Shen Guang-III prototype laser facility

A study is conducted using a two-dimensional simulation program(Lared-s)with the goal of developing a technique to evaluate the effect of Rayleigh–Taylor growth in a neutron fusion reaction region.Two peaks of fusion reaction rate are simulated by using a two-dimensional simulation program(Lared-s)and confirmed by the experimental results.A neutron temporal diagnostic(NTD)system is developed with a high temporal resolution of~30 ps at the Shen Guang-III(SG-III)prototype laser facility in China,to measure the fusion reaction rate history.With the shape of neutron reaction rate curve and the spherical harmonic function in this paper,the degree of Rayleigh–Taylor growth and the main source of the neutron yield in our experiment can be estimated qualitatively.This technique,including the diagnostic system and the simulation program,may provide important information for obtaining a higher neutron yield in implosion experiments of inertial confinement fusion.     

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根据第一壁后聚变中子通量和能谱的空间分布和 ITER 可能输出的聚变功率、聚变中子产额、第一壁(产氚包层)之后的中子通量的蒙塔-卡罗中子输运(MCNP)计算,对氦冷却固体增殖剂中子学和产氚包层模块(NT-TBM-HCSB)的聚变中子诊断提出概念性设计,本设计提出用固定位置微型裂变室探测器和可移动封装薄箔活化分析系统测量中子倍增器之后、固体氚增殖剂中及其后的中子通量;用可移动天然金刚石探测器的紧凑型能谱仪测量中子能谱。     

小型天然气液化流程模拟与设计

针对低压天然气特点,设计了3套天然气闭式膨胀液化流程,选择PR(Peng-Robinson)方程进行混合物的相平衡计算,采用化工模拟软件PRO/Ⅱ进行了模拟计算;分析比较了不同液化流程的关键热力学参数,并进行了关键设备的可行性分析。结果表明:丙烷预冷双级天然气膨胀液化流程的比功耗比无预冷单级天然气膨胀液化流程、无预冷双级天然气膨胀液化流程低,液化率高,而且设备均可实现。综合分析结果,选用了丙烷预冷双级天然气膨胀液化流程。并指出天然气节流前温度越低,其液化率越高,比功耗越小。天然气膨胀比越高,液化率越高。     

Optimization of an off-axis nozzle for assist gas injection in laser fusion cutting

The aerodynamic features of the gas flow during laser fusion cutting are an essential factor influencing the cut performance. For this reason it has been a subject of some studies to explain the interactions of the gas jet with the workpiece and to design different gas injection systems with the aim of preventing the drawbacks of the conventional cutting heads.An off-axis cutting head with a de Laval nozzle to inject a supersonic gas jet has been previously demonstrated to be an effective design to achieve a complete removal of the molten material from the cutting front and to avoid the formation of the recast layer. In the present work, the fundamentals and procedures to adjust the main factors determining the efficiency of this gas injection system are described. Specifically, the gas flow inside the cut kerf is analysed by means of flow visualization using the Schlieren technique.     

微型填充式气相色谱柱的制备（英）

为了分离永久性气体及低碳轻化合物,基于MEMS技术,研究制备了一种微型填充式的气相色谱柱。为了增加色谱柱的长度以及深宽比,色谱柱的沟道制备采用了激光刻蚀技术,这种技术可以方便的在玻璃基底上刻蚀出深沟道,这是其他化学腐蚀技术无法比拟的。研制的色谱柱其沟道横截面为1.2 mm(深度)0.6 mm(宽度),深宽比为2∶1。实验结果表明,这种微型填充柱,具有较大的样品容量,能很好的实现CO和SO2的分离。     

Optics and beamlines for high-pressure research at the european synchrotron radiation facility

Abstract

The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) is the first high-energy, high-brilliance synchrotron radiation source in operation today and it is ideally suited to high pressure research. White-beam and monochromatic diffraction techniques are being optimized in particular for structural studies of low-Z materials and poor scatterers generally, the best example being hydrogen single crystals at very high pressures. Most high pressure measurements are carried out on a versatile beamline equipped with a wiggler and an undulator. Focusing and image plates are used in all monochromatic angle-dispersive studies. The success of the high pressure programme has so far been achieved on a non-optimized beamline, but the next phase of the programme needs an optimized facility. A beamline is being constructed to fully exploit the intrinsic qualities of this unique source and insertion devices for high pressure studies. Its main design concepts are presented.     

两电极气体火花开关触发系统

 两电极开关取消了触发电极,需要靠过压触发,要求触发电压的幅值高,上升前沿快。为了满足两电极大电流气体开关对触发电压的特殊要求,介绍了一种用Marx作触发器的触发系统。该系统由8级Marx发生器构成,由电源开关、隔离变压器、L-C充电电路、采样控制电路、光纤控制电路和触发电路组成。Marx发生器采用了低电感电容器和同轴结构布局,减小了电感,触发电压达到120 kV,上升沿小于30 ns。对触发系统建立了PSpice电路模拟,仿真波形与实测波形基本一致。将该触发装置用于200 kA大电流气体开关试验,试验结果表明该触发装置能稳定触发气体开关,操作安全可靠。