含有Pt―Pt键金属配合物的电子结构和二阶非线性光学性质

采用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT)结合有限场(FF)的方法对一系列含有Pt―Pt键金属配合物的电子结构和二阶非线性光学(NLO)性质进行了理论计算. 结果表明改变共轭配体对Pt―Pt键影响不大. 由配体到Pt―Pt金属基团的电荷转移强度随配体增长而变大. 金属配合物静态一阶超极化率随配体的增长而增大, 配合物电荷的改变基本不影响这类化合物的二阶NLO性质. 具有相对长的共轭配体的配合物IId具有最大的二阶NLO响应. 含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)计算表明配合物IId的二阶NLO响应来自于混有配体到金属的配体内的π→π^*电荷转移跃迁的贡献.     

樟脑型β-二酮环金属铂配合物的电子光谱和二阶非线性光学性质的DFT研究

对标题化合物分子的理论研究表明,樟脑型β-二酮环金属铂配合物分子由基态到第一,第二激发态的π→π^*跃迁伴随MLCT电荷转移。β-二酮羰基环上引入供电基-CH₃,-C₆H₅与吸电基-CF₃,-C₃F₇的最大吸收波长分别位于374～410 nm范围,位于近紫外区。β-二酮羰基环上和配体苯环上引入供电子基团,樟脑型β-二酮环金属铂配合物分子显示更良好的非线性光学性质。     

含噻吩环的吡啶Ru(II)配合物的电子结构和非线性光学性质

采用密度泛函理论(DFT) B3LYP方法对含有噻吩环的吡啶Ru(II)配合物的电子结构和非线性光学(NLO)性质进行理论研究. 结果表明: 配合物[Ru^II(NH₃)₅L]²⁺(L为含噻吩环的有机基团)中, 配位原子与中心金属离子间没有形成稳定的化学键, 但存在较强的供体-受体(D-A)相互作用; NH₃被羰基(CO)取代后, Ru-C间形成了稳定的σ-π配键, 降低了受体的空轨道能级. 噻吩环的增加增大了体系的共轭程度, 有利于分子内电荷转移, 使配合物的极化率α和一阶超极化率β明显增加. 结合配合物的前线分子轨道分析发现, 电荷转移过程中, 对体系二阶NLO系数贡献较大的是配体内电荷转移(ILCT)和配体间电荷转移(LLCT)跃迁, 羰基引入后配体到金属的电荷转移(LMCT)使配合物[Ru^II(CO)₅L]²⁺比对应的配合物[Ru^II(NH₃)₅L]²⁺的β值增大约7倍.     

6-N,N-二甲基腺嘌呤激发态结构动力学的共振拉曼光谱

采用共振拉曼光谱技术和密度泛函理论方法研究了6-N,N-二甲基腺嘌呤(DMA)的A带和B带电子激发和Franck-Condon 区域结构动力学. π_H→π_L^*跃迁是A带吸收的主体, 其振子强度约占整个A带吸收的79%.由弥散轨道参与的n→Ryd 和π_H→Ryd 跃迁在B带跃迁中扮演重要角色, 其振子强度约占B带吸收的62%,而在A带吸收中占主导的π_H→π_L^*跃迁的振子强度在B带吸收中仅占33%. 嘌呤环变形伸缩+C8H/N9H面内弯曲振动ν₂₃和五元环变形伸缩+C8H弯曲振动ν₁₃的基频、泛频和合频占据了A带共振拉曼光谱强度的绝大部分, 说明¹π_Hπ_L^*激发态结构动力学主要沿嘌呤环的变形伸缩振动, N9H/C8H/C2H弯曲振动等反应坐标展开, 而ν₁₀, ν₂₉, ν₂₁, ν₂₆和ν₄₀的基频、泛频和合频占据了B带共振拉曼光谱强度的主体部分, 它们决定了B带激发态的结构动力学. A带共振拉曼光谱中ν₂₆和ν₁₂被认为与1nπ*/1ππ*势能面锥型交叉有关. B带共振拉曼光谱中ν₂₁的激活与¹ππ^*/¹πσ_N9H^*势能面锥型交叉相关.     

金(I)配合物催化乙烯加氢的反应机理

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法, 对两类金(I)配合物AuX (X=F, Cl, Br, I)和AuPR₃⁺(R=F, Cl, Br, I, H, Me,Ph)催化C₂H₄加氢反应的机理进行了理论研究. 计算显示Au(I)配合物对C₂H₄氢化具有较好的催化效果, 其作用下的加氢反应存在“活化H―H键后再与C₂H₄反应”和“活化C＝C键后再与H₂反应”两种途径, 前者的活化能较后者低90-120 kJ·mol^-1, 因而具有明显的能量优势. 研究表明AuPR₃⁺ 的催化能力明显强于AuX. 此外, X/PR3基团供、吸电子能力的变化对配合物的催化能力也具有较为显著的影响. 电子结构分析显示Au(I)配合物在C₂H₄ 加氢反应中不仅能够削弱H―H、C＝C 键的强度, 还使H₂ σ_H―H^*、C₂H₄ π_C＝C^* 轨道能级下降, 从而缩小了π_C＝C-σ_H―H^*或σ_H―H-π_C＝C^*轨道间的能级差, 促进了C₂H₄-H₂反应中的电子离域, 从而降低禁阻反应发生的难度.σ_H―H^*、π_C＝C^*轨道能级改变量与加氢反应活化能E_a的降低值之间存在较好的一致性关系, 因此使上述轨道能级下降幅度越大的Au(I)配合物可以获得较好的催化效果.     

阴离子调控的新型含1,4-双(苯并咪唑)苯的配位聚合物: 合成、结构与性质

由于在气体存储、分离、药物传输、催化、导电、手性、荧光、磁性和非线性光学等领域有广阔的应用前景, 具有新颖结构和特殊物化性质的配位聚合物的研究引起人们极大兴趣. 通常, 选择含适当功能基团的配体是构筑功能配位聚合物关键. 其中, 含氮五元杂环(如咪唑、三唑和四唑)及其衍生物类配体被人们广泛研究, 本课题组也在此领域开展了一些工作. 我们以苯并咪唑和1,4-二溴苯合成了配体1,4-双(苯并咪唑)苯, 并以此为桥连配体来构筑具有特殊功能的配位聚合物. 选择此配体主要基于以下几点: (1)配体呈中性, 可以通过选择含不同抗衡阴离子的金属盐来实现对配合物的结构调控作用; (2)配体为刚性, 而且配位模式单一, 从而减小了配体本身对配合物结构的影响; (3)配体含大芳香环, 因此能具有好的发光性质. 在本文中, 我们以1,4-双(苯并咪唑)苯和相应的金属盐合成了三个配位聚合物{[Co(L)(SO₄)(H₂O)](CH₃OH)}_∞ (1), {[Cd(L)₂(SiF₆)](H₂O)}_∞ (2) 和 [Zn(L)(NO₃)₂]_∞ (3). 通过红外、元素分析和单晶X光衍射表征了化合物的结构. 在配合物1中, 硫酸根把钴离子连接成一维链, 再通过1,4-双(苯并咪唑)苯连接成三维金刚石网络; 而配合物2中, 六氟硅酸根把镉离子连接成一维链, 再通过1,4-双(苯并咪唑)苯连接成三维α-Po网络, 而且化合物沿c轴方向存在一维孔道; 3则具有一维Z字链结构, 并通过π-π相互作用构筑成二维超分子网络. 比较了具有不同配位能力的阴离子对化合物结构的影响. 配合物1的磁性研究表明金属钴中心之间都存在明显的反铁磁性相互作用. 研究了配合物2和3室温时固态荧光性质. 配合物2在361 nm出现强的荧光发射, 对应于配体的π→π^*和n→π^*能级跃迁; 配合物3在414 nm出现紫色荧光, 表明化合物存在明显的能量转移.     

四齿配体[Ru(iph)(L)2]2+ (L=cpy,mpy, npy)配合物的结构和光谱特征

采用密度泛函的B3LYP和UB3LYP方法分别优化了一系列[Ru(iph)(L)₂]²⁺ (L=cpy (1), mpy (2), npy (3); 其中iph为2,9-双(1′-甲基-2′-咪唑)-1,10-邻二氮杂菲, cpy为4-氰基嘧啶, mpy为4-甲基嘧啶, npy为4-氮二甲基嘧啶)配合物的基态和激发态结构. 利用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法, 结合极化连续介质(PCM)模型计算了它们在丙酮溶液中的吸收和发射光谱. 研究结果表明: 优化得到的几何结构参数和相应的实验值符合得非常好. 1和2的最高占据分子轨道主要由金属的d轨道和iph配体的π轨道构成, 但是3主要占据在npy配体上, 而它们的最低空轨道主要由iph配体的π反键轨道占据. 因此, 1和2的最低能吸收和发射属于金属到配体(MLCT)和配体内部(ILCT)的电荷转移跃迁, 而3属于两个配体之间的电荷转移(LLCT)跃迁. 三个配合物的最低能吸收分别在509 nm (1), 527 nm (2)和563 nm (3), 其磷光发射分别在683 nm (1), 852 nm (2)和757 nm (3). 这显示出通过调节L配体的π电子给予能力可以改变最低能吸收和发射的跃迁性质和发光颜色.     

芳基与烷基亚砜钯(II)配合物π反馈效应的DFT研究

应用DFT方法对二苯基亚砜(DPSO)和二己基亚砜(DHSO)的钯(II)配合物进行了理论计算。结果表明中心金属钯与亚砜之间存在d-π^*反馈键，而且二苯基亚砜钯(II)配合物中的π反馈键比二己基亚砜钯(II)配合物强，即亚砜的取代基对其钯(II)配合物的π反馈键有显著的影响。以BHandH/6-31+G^**(Pd，3-21G^*)//BHandH/6-31G^*(Pd，3-21G^*)方法对相应的亚砜钯(II)配合物进行单点计算时，配合物trans-PdCl₂(DPSO)₂ 的π反馈键轨道能为-10.695 eV，而trans-PdCl₂(DHSO)₂的π反馈键轨道能量为-10.320 eV。利用电子给体NH₃或电子受体CO配位体置换亚砜钯(II)配合物里的一个亚砜配体后，Pd(II)-DHSO配合物的Pd-S配位键长的变化明显小于Pd(II)-DPSO配合物的Pd-S配位键长变化值，进一步说明在Pd-DPSO配合物中的π反馈效应强于相应的Pd-DHSO配合物。     

新型希土4-羟基-7-三氟甲基-3-喹啉基甲酸乙酯配合物的光物理性质

首次合成了五种新型希土(Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺, Gd³⁺, Sm³⁺, Dy³⁺)配合物。配体为带有喹啉环的4-羟基-7-三氟甲基-3-喹啉基甲酸乙酯。并用元素分析、红外光谱和热分析方法确定了配合物的组成。通过测定钆配合物的低温磷光光谱表明4-羟基-7-三氟甲基-3-喹啉基甲酸乙酯的三重态能级为22000 cm^-1。配合物的光物理性质表明配体的三重态能级适于希土Eu³⁺, Sm³⁺, Dy³⁺和Tb³⁺，特别是Tb³⁺的发光。     

苯胺基团对一类Pt(Ⅱ)磷光发光材料非辐射跃迁调控的理论研究

采用密度泛函（DFT）和含时-密度泛函（TD-DFT）方法研究二苯胺基团对一类Pt（Ⅱ）配合物（M1~M3）光学性质的调控。通过与实验合成的分子对比，揭示苯胺基团取代位置和数量对电子结构和光学性质的调控规律。引入苯胺基团可有效地增大金属和配体的π共轭性。逐渐增多苯胺基团导致M3分子可以有效地增大吸收光谱的强度和金属到配体的电荷转移（MLCT）占比，有利于金属对光的吸收和自旋轨道耦合。M1~M3的发射峰在602~630 nm，发射光谱归属为³MLCT和配体之间的电荷转移（³LLCT）。通过对非辐射跃迁过程，即T₁（³MLCT）→ TS →金属中心三重态³MC （d-d）的研究，发现当二苯胺取代基团引入位置可以有效地增大分子内空间位阻时，形成S₀和T₁的系间交叉MECP能量变得更高，从而抑制了非辐射的概率，有利于发光性能提高。     

Electron paramagnetic resonance investigation of the complexes of grignard reagents with 9,10-phenanthrenesemiquinonate

The substituent effect on the proton hyperfine splitting constants (hfsc) of the charge-transfer complexes of Grignard reagents (RMgBr, R = CH₃, C₂H₅, CH₃CHCH) with seven 3-substituted 9,10-phenanthroquinones is reported. A back-donation bonding interaction between phenanthrenesemiquinonate anion radical π^* and the magnesium p orbital is revealed by the hfsc analysis.     

Ethylenediamine and 1,10-phenanthroline biscyclometallated complexes of Pd(II) and Pt(II) based on 4,6-diphenylpyrimidine

Biscyclometallated [(M(N∧N))₂(μ-dphpm)](ClO₄)₂ and [(N∧N)Pd(μ-dphpm)Pt(N∧N)]Cl₂ complexes [M = Pd(II), Pt(II); (N∧N) ethylenediamine (En), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen); dphpm² — bisdeprotonated form of 4,6-diphenylpyrimidine)] have been characterized by the ¹H NMR, electronic absorption and emission spectroscopy, and also cyclic voltammetry methods. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of biscyclometallated complexes with ethylenediamine, responsible for low-energy photo- and electro-stimulated processes irrespective of the metal nature, is assigned to the π* orbital mainly localized on the pyrimidine part of the bridging ligand. In the case of complexes with phenanthroline chelating ligands, the replacement of one or two palladium metal centers [{Pd(phen)}₂(μ-dphpm)]²⁺ by platinum centers changes the LUMO nature of the complexes for the π* orbital mainly localized on the peripheral metal-complex fragment {Pt(phen)}.     

A Square‐Planar Complex of Platinum(0)

The Pt⁰ complex [Pt(PPh₃)(Eind₂‐BPEP)] with a pyridine‐based PNP‐pincer‐type phosphaalkene ligand (Eind₂‐BPEP) has a highly planar geometry around Pt with ∑(Pt)=358.6°. This coordination geometry is very uncommon for formal d¹⁰ complexes, and the Pd and Ni homologues with the same ligands adopt distorted tetrahedral geometries. DFT calculations reveal that both the Pt and Pd complexes are M⁰ species with nearly ten valence electrons on the metals whereas their atomic orbital occupancies are evidently different from one another. The Pt complex has a higher occupancy of the atomic 6s orbital because of strong s–d hybridization due to relativistic effects, thereby adopting a highly planar geometry reflecting the shape and orientation of the partially unoccupied orbital.     

糠醛在Pt(111)表面的吸附和脱碳反应

采用广义梯度近似的密度泛函理论并结合平板模型的方法, 优化了糠醛分子在Pt(111)面的吸附模型,并探究了糠醛脱碳反应形成呋喃的机理. 结果表明: 吸附后糠醛分子环上的C―H(O)键及支链―CHO相对于金属表面倾斜上翘, 分子平面被扭曲, 易于呋喃的形成; 同时, 糠醛分子向Pt表面转移电子0.765e, 环中的大π键与Pt(111)表面的d轨道发生较强的相互作用, 使得糠醛的芳香性被破坏, 环上的碳原子呈现准sp³杂化. 此外, 对糠醛脱碳反应中的各反应步骤进行过渡态搜索, 通过比较各步骤的活化能, 得出糠醛更易先失去支链上的H形成酰基中间体(C₄H₃O)CO, 中间体继续脱碳加氢形成产物呋喃. 该过程的控速步骤为(C₄H₃O)CO^*+^*→C₄H₃O^*+CO^* (^*为吸附位),活化能为127.65 kJ·mol^-1.     

Substitution of aqua ligands from <Emphasis Type="Italic">cis</Emphasis>-platinum(II) complexes bearing 2-(phenylthiomethyl)pyridine spectator ligands

Cis-Pt(II) complexes, namely [Pt{2-(phenylthiomethyl)pyridine}(H₂O)₂](CF₃SO₃)₂ Pt(pyS ^Ph ), [Pt{2-(4-tert-butylphenylthiomethyl)pyridine}(H₂O)₂](CF₃SO₃)₂ Pt(pyS ^{Ph( t -But)} ) and [Pt{2-(4-fluorophenylthiomethyl)pyridine}(H₂O)₂](CF₃SO₃)₂ Pt(pyS ^PhF ), were synthesised and characterised. The pK _a1 and pK _a2 values of the complexes were determined titrimetrically. Substitution of the aqua ligands from these complexes by thiourea nucleophiles was studied at a pH of 2 and ionic strength of 0.1 M under pseudo-first-order conditions using stopped-flow and UV–visible spectrophotometric techniques. Substitution of the aqua ligands depends on both the nature and concentration of the incoming ligand, with low enthalpy and negative entropy of activation values. Substitution of the first and second aqua ligands occurs sequentially and fits the rate laws: k _{obs (1/2)} = k _(1/2) [Nu]. The second-order rate constant, k ₁, relates to the substitution trans to sulphur, while k ₂ is the second-order rate constant for the subsequent substitution of the aqua ligand trans to pyridine. The rate of substitution of the first aqua ligand decreases in the order: Pt(pyS ^{Ph( t -But)} ) > Pt(pyS ^PhF ) > Pt(pyS ^Ph ), while that of the second decreases in the order: Pt(pyS ^{Ph( t -But)} ) > Pt(pyS ^Ph ) > Pt(pyS ^PhF ), reflecting the influence of the substituents on the spectator ligands. ¹⁹⁵Pt NMR spectra of aged solutions of complexes with the thiourea nucleophile suggest a subsequent but rapid concentration-independent ring opening of the N,S-bidentate ligand to form a PtS ₄ species. The crystal structure of Pt(pyS ^PhF )Cl ₂ was elucidated by X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Platinum(II) polypyridines: A tale of two axes

There are many possible applications for luminescent platinum terpyridine (trpy) complexes, but the emission quantum yield and lifetime vary greatly depending upon the design. One reason is that potentially emissive metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) states occur at relatively high energies because a planar coordination geometry is not the best supporting environment for a Pt(III) center. At the same time, strain in the Pt–N sigma bond framework often results in low-lying d–d excited states that effectively quench the emission. One way of differentially lowering the energy of the emitting state, and thereby reducing the effect of d–d states, involves delocalizing the π*(trpy) acceptor orbital onto a 4′-aryl substituent. Delocalizing the ‘hole’ orbital is an alternative approach capable of producing dramatic results. Thus, with the addition of an electron-rich group like –NMe2 or 1-naphthyl to the 4′-position of trpy ligand, the emitting state takes on intraligand charge-transfer (ILCT) character and the excited-state lifetime extends to tens of microseconds in dichloromethane solution. In some systems introduction of a π-donating co-ligand enhances the emission yield, and when the co-ligand is a very electron-rich group like an ethynylarene, the emitting state takes on an admixture of ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer (LLCT) character. Finally, it is possible to destabilize deactivating states by incorporating an ethynylalkane as a strong-field co-ligand, or by utilizing a carbometalating derivative of the trpy ligand. Complexes of the latter support another type of ILCT excitation because of the presence of the formally anionic phenyl moiety, and the emission energy vary greatly depending upon which ligand axis contains the Pt–C bond.     

Electronic tuning of ruthenium complexes by 8-quinolate ligands

A series of Ru(II) complexes were synthesized with the deprotonated forms of the ligands 8-hydroxyquinoline (quo⁻) and 5-NO₂-8-hydroxyquinoline (5-NO₂-quo⁻) as analogs to the prototypical complex [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine). Electrochemistry, spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations were utilized to investigate the electronic tuning of the occupied t_2g-type orbitals of the metal center with variation in the ligation sphere. The maximum of the lowest energy absorption of complexes containing one, two and three 8-quinolate ligands progressively redshifts from 452 nm in [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ to 510 nm in [Ru(bpy)₂(quo)]⁺, 515 nm in [Ru(bpy)(quo)₂] and 540 nm in [Ru(quo)₃]⁻ in water. This bathochromic shift results from the increase in energy of the occupied t_2g-type orbital across the series afforded by coordination of each subsequent quo⁻ ligand to the Ru(II) center. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations along with electrochemical analysis reveals that the lowest energy transition has contributions in the highest occupied molecular orbital from both the quo⁻ ligand and the metal, such that the lowest energy transition is not from an orbital that is purely metal-centered in character as in [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺.     

1-甲基胸腺嘧啶A-带结构动力学

获取了1-甲基胸腺嘧啶(MT)涵盖紫外光谱中A带和B带吸收的共5 个激发波长的共振拉曼光谱, 并结合密度泛函理论方法研究了MT的电子激发和Franck-Condon 区域结构动力学. 在TD-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)计算水平下, A带和B带吸收被分别指认为π_H→π_L^*/π_H-2→π_L+2^*和π_H→π_L+2^→/π_H-2→π_L^*跃迁. 甲基参与嘧啶环的共轭使MT的A带最大吸收波长λ_max相对于胸腺嘧啶(T)发生明显红移, 并对Franck-Condon区域的动态结构产生一定影响. A带和B带共振拉曼光谱分别被指认为14 个振动模式和11 个振动模式的基频、泛频和组合频. C5＝C6伸缩+C6H12面内弯曲振动v₉, 环变形振动v₁₆和N3C2N1反对称伸缩+C4C5C10反对称伸缩振动v₁₈占据了A带共振拉曼光谱强度的绝大部分. 这表明¹π_Hπ_L^*激发态结构动力学主要沿这些反应坐标展开. 考察了溶剂对共振拉曼光谱的影响, 结果表明, C4＝O9伸缩+N3H11面内弯曲振动v₈的活性与溶剂性质有关, 其激发态位移量随溶剂性质的变化规律与胸腺嘧啶一致.     

Heteropolymetallic Architectures as Snapshots of Transmetallation Processes at Different Degrees of Transfer

Novel heteropolymetallic architectures have been built by integrating Pd, Au and Ag systems. The dinuclear [(CNC)(PPh₃)Pd-^G11M(PPh₃)](ClO₄) (^G11M=Au ( 3 ), Ag ( 4 ); CNC=2,6-diphenylpyridinate) and trinuclear [{(CNC)(PPh₃)Pd}₂^G11M](ClO₄) (^G11M=Au ( 6 ), Ag ( 5 )) complexes have been accessed or isolated. Structural and DFT characterization unveil striking interactions of one of the aryl groups of the CNC ligand(s) with the ^G11M center, suggesting these complexes constitute models of transmetallation processes. Further analyses allow to qualitatively order the degree of transfer, proving that Au promotes the highest one and also that Pd systems favor higher degrees than Pt. Consistently, Energy Decomposition Analysis calculations show that the interaction energies follow the order Pd−Au > Pt−Au > Pd−Ag > Pt−Ag. All these results offer potentially useful ideas for the design of bimetallic catalytic systems.