基于生物发光的高灵敏度三磷酸腺苷检测研究

在微生物检测和食品安全控制中需要对低浓度的三磷酸腺苷(ATP)做出快速准确的测定,基于ATP光学反应原理,设计了一种微量光学反应池,结合萤火虫素-萤火虫素酶发光技术,构建了一种用于现场检测的高灵敏度ATP光学传感器系统.传感器响应波长为550 nm,ATP生物发光反应适宜pH为7.8,在优化实验条件下,发光强度和ATP浓度在对数坐标下呈线性相关,检出限可达1×10-16 mol/L ATP,检测样品仅需30 μL,测量时间60 s.这种检测方法具有响应范围宽,测试简便,快速可靠等特点,适用于ATP现场快速检测,具有很好的应用前景.     

三磷酸腺苷、二磷酸腺苷和一磷酸腺苷的毛细管电泳分析研究

研究了三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)和一磷酸腺苷(AMP)的毛细管电泳行为，考察了运行缓冲液的pH值、磷酸盐浓度、分离电压、分离温度等因素对这三种化合物的迁移时间和分离效果的影响。结果发现，这些因素对上述三种化合物的分离有显著的影响，在优化的分离条件下，三种物质在10min内可得到分离。方法的检出限为0．125mg／mL，线性范围为0．125～2．00mg／mL。相关系数为0．991～0．997。     

三磷酸腺苷酶的化学模拟

综述了ATP酶的化学模拟的研究进展。     

高效液相色谱法测定细胞内三磷酸腺苷及其代谢物的含量（英文）

研究了三磷酸腺苷(ATP)及其代谢物在细胞内的含量以及2-叔丁基-1,4-苯醌(TBBQ)对ATP及其代谢产物在细胞内含量的影响。建立了一种高效液相色谱法(HPLC)用于快速分离、检测细胞内ATP及其代谢产物(二磷酸腺苷(ADP)和一磷酸腺苷(AMP))的含量。使用岛津高效液相系统及艾杰尔Venusil MP C18柱,采用等度洗脱的方式。流动相A相为50 mmol/L磷酸氢二钠和15 mmol/L三甲胺(TEA),用醋酸(HAc)调节pH至7.88;流动相B相为甲醇。采用建立的高效液相色谱法得到了3种代谢物的工作曲线,相关系数高(R~2≥0.999 6),MRC-5细胞中3种代谢物的含量均在线性范围(0.1~100μmol/L)内。该方法检出限低。采用预冷的80%(体积分数)甲醇水溶液提取细胞内的代谢物。该研究建立的方法成功地应用于检测MRC-5细胞中的ATP、ADP和AMP的含量,结果表明,TBBQ会对ATP、ADP、AMP在细胞内的含量产生影响,但TBBQ浓度和ATP、ADP以及AMP在MRC-5细胞内浓度的关系比较复杂。     

离子色谱法测定三磷酸腺苷二钠制剂中主成分及有关物质的含量

建立了用于三磷酸腺苷二钠制剂中主成分及有关物质含量测定的离子色谱方法。采用IonPac AS11-HC色谱柱,以KOH溶液为淋洗液,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样10 μL,以Dionex AERS 500 4-mm抑制器的电导检测器检测,三磷酸腺苷二钠(ATP-Na₂)的含量按峰面积以外标法计算,二磷酸腺苷二钠(ADP-Na₂)及单磷酸腺苷二钠(AMP-Na₂)按加校正因子的主成分自身对照法计算,未知杂质按主成分自身对照法计算。ATP-Na₂、ADP-Na₂及AMP-Na₂的线性范围分别为0.000146~1.83 g/L、0.000484~1.51 g/L及0.000426~0.804 g/L,相关系数分别为0.9997、0.9996及0.9999;对照品溶液在24 h内的稳定性良好(峰面积RSD分别为1.3%、1.4%、2.5%);ATP-Na₂、ADP-Na₂、AMP-Na₂的方法定量限(S/N=10)分别为1.5 ng、4.8 ng、4.3 ng,检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.58 ng、1.21 ng、1.28 ng;ATP-Na₂在3个水平的加样回收率分别为96.50%、96.57%和96.77%。本方法适用于三磷酸腺苷二钠制剂的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定我国北方红枣中环磷酸腺苷的含量

采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法准确测定环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）含量,并对我国北方红枣中的cAMP含量进行测定.以Hibar ODS-C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）为色谱柱,流动相为甲醇:2%醋酸（体积比为5:95）,流速0.5 mL/min,检测器为Waters 996,检测温度为25℃,检测波长为254 nm.标准曲线在0.1~1.0 mg/mL范围内线性良好,加标回收率为102.1%,相对标准误差为0.63%.同时,采用的条件能将红枣中cAMP与其他成分的峰完全分离,发现不同产地的红枣中cAMP含量不同,新疆地区所产红枣的质量分数最高,能达到372 μg/g.方法可准确测定我国北方红枣中环磷酸腺苷的含量,灵敏度高,可为红枣中cAMP的提取和高值化利用提供重要的技术依据.     

水溶性阳离子荧光共轭聚合物作为荧光探针测定三磷酸腺苷

利用荧光光谱研究了三磷酸腺苷(ATP)与水溶性阳离子荧光共轭聚合物的相互作用,发现加入ATP后,聚合物的荧光强度被显著猝灭,且猝灭程度与ATP的加入量成正比,据此建立了测定ATP的方法.荧光光谱的激发波长选择395 nm,发射波长为521 nm,激发狭缝宽度为10.0 nm,发射狭缝宽度为10.0 nm.在0 05 mol/L Tris-HCl缓冲溶液(pH=7.4)中,测定ATP的线性范围为8.0×10-8～1.0×10-5 mol/L; 检出限为2.0×10-8 mol/L; 回收率在93.6%～105.6%之间; 相对标准偏差在2.2%～6.9%之间.本方法用于三磷酸腺苷二钠药片和鲫鱼肉中ATP的测定,获得满意结果.     

反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定心肌组织中的三磷酸腺苷

 采用反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定心肌组织中三磷酸腺苷 (ATP)的含量。样品经高氯酸溶液沉淀蛋白 ,上清液用KOH溶液中和后用反相离子对高效液相色谱法分离测定。色谱柱为SpherisorbODS2柱 ,流动相为甲醇 KH2 PO4缓冲液 (内含 5mmol/LIPR A离子对试剂 ) ,在 2 59nm波长处检测。方法最低检测限为 2mg/L,在 5mg/L～ 1 0 0 mg/L范围内有良好的线性关系 (r=0 9998) ,方法的回收率为 97 8%～ 1 0 4 % ,日内精密度 <4 85% ,日间精密度 <8 81 %。方法准确、灵敏、快速 ,适用于动物和人心肌组织中ATP含量的测定。     

基于核酸适体的试纸条检测三磷酸腺苷

将核酸适体（Aptamer）的特异性与纳米金颗粒的独特光学性质相结合,制备了一种适用于小分子检测的干式试纸条。该试纸条以修饰功能化核酸适体（PloyT13-Aptamer）的纳米金为识别元件,在控制线（C）上修饰ployA13序列,与识别元件结合以判断试纸条的有效性;在测试线（T）上修饰与Aptamer部分互补的DNA序列,与待测物形成竞争关系,通过T线上纳米金显色的深浅来定性或定量分析待测物浓度。结果表明,优化实验条件下,观察T线颜色变化可实现三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的肉眼定性检测,视觉检出限为10μmol/L。使用Image J软件进行定量分析,试纸条检测范围为10～1000μmol/L,检出限为2.4μmol/L。该试纸条生物传感器可以在10 min内得出检测结果且特异性良好,血清中回收率为104.4%～119.0%,为ATP的现场快速检测提供了一种经济有效的方法。     

一种测定三磷酸腺苷二钠的新荧光光度法

该文利用荧光光谱和吸收光谱研究了三磷酸腺苷二钠（ATP）与依诺沙星（ENX）和Tb^3＋的相互作用。依诺沙星与Tb^3＋形成二元络合物发射出位于545nm处的特征荧光,加入三磷酸腺苷二钠（ATP）后,体系的荧光强度显著增强,且增强的荧光强度与ATP的加入量成正比,据此建立了荧光分光光度法测量ATP的方法。实验测得,ATP的线性范围是2．00～20．0μmol&#183;L^-1检出限为6．83&#215;10^-8mol&#183;L^-1。研究了共存物质的影响和Tb^3＋ -依诺沙星与三磷酸腺苷二钠的相互作用机理。该法成功地用于样品中ATP的测定。     

Development of a receptor-based microplate assay for the detection of beta-lactam antibiotics in different food matrices

The penicillin-binding protein PBP 2x* from Streptococcus pneumoniae has been utilised to develop a novel microplate assay for the detection and determination of penicillins and cephalosporins with intact beta-lactam structure in milk, bovine and porcine muscle juice, honey and egg. In the assay, the receptor protein is immobilised to a microplate in the first step. To each sample a bifunctional reagent is added, with ampicillin and digoxigenin as functional groups (DIG-AMPI). The amount of bifunctional reagent, which is bound via its ampicillin part to the receptor protein, decreases with increasing beta-lactam concentration in the sample. The detection step uses anti-digoxigenin F(ab) fragments marked with horseradish peroxidase. The more bifunctional reagent is bound to the receptor protein, the more antibody fragments are bound via the digoxigenin part of the reagent. A maximum colour development with tetramethylbenzidine as chromogen for the peroxidase reaction is achieved, when no beta-lactam residues are present. A fractional factorial design was applied to detect chemometrically effects and interactions of the assay parameters. For optimisation of the significant parameters a Box-Behnken design was used. The assay has been developed for various food matrices as screening test with the option for a quantitative assay, when the identity of the residual beta-lactam is known (e.g. elimination studies). Cefoperazon, cefquinome, cefazolin, cloxacillin, ampicillin and benzylpenicillin could be detected at levels corresponding to 1/2 EU maximum residue limit (MRL) in milk, meat juice from muscle tissue of different species, egg and honey (where applicable) without needing lengthy and elaborate sample pre-treatment. Matrix calibration curves are presented, which show that quantitative analyses are possible.     

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural in food

5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) is considered to be an excellent indicator of quality deterioration due to excessive heating or storage for a wide range of carbohydrate-containing foods. To facilitate its analysis, a highly selective and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of 5-HMF in food has been developed. A specific polyclonal antibody was produced against a conjugate of 5-HMF coupled to bovine serum albumin. The IC₅₀ and limit of method detection were 0.15 ± 0.012 mg L^-1 and 0.02 ± 0.002 mg L^-1, respectively. The proposed method was applied to detect 5-HMF in French mini bread, potato chips, French soft bread, and wheat chicken nuggets with recoveries ranging from 84.07 to 97.09% and relative standard deviation (n = 3) below 8.65% in all samples. The quantitative results were in good agreement with those obtained by the high-performance liquid chromatography method, which suggests that the method developed will be very useful for monitoring 5-HMF in food samples.     

Development of a fluorescent microplate assay for determining cyanovirin-N levels in plasma

A sensitive immunosorbent competition assay was developed for quantitation of the anti-HIV protein cyanovirin-N (CV-N) in plasma using a 96-well plate format and a fluorescent endpoint. The assay is based on the binding of CV-N in plasma to plate-bound anti-CV-N antibodies, followed by removal of the plasma and addition of europium-labeled CV-N (Eu³⁺-CV-N) to compete for the remaining antibody sites. Detection by addition of a dissociative fluorescence enhancement solution and time-resolved fluorescence measurements allowed correlation to the concentration of the native CV-N in plasma. A linear detection range of 1–100 nM (r²>0.99) was obtained for CV-N in mouse plasma. This assay was then utilized for analysis of plasma levels of CV-N samples following subcutaneous injection of CV-N into mice. The results of these studies confirmed the reliability and sensitivity of this assay and the feasibility of its use for pharmacokinetic studies in a variety of species.     

Simultaneous polarographic determination of adenosine-5'-monophosphate and adenosine-5'-0-monothiophosphate at the nanogram level.

A method is described for the simultaneous gas Chromatographie determination of arsenic, germanium and antimony. The approach is based on conversion of the elements to their hydrides, collection of these via a semi-selective trapping procedure, desorption from the trap, and delivery to a gas Chromatograph for separation and determination. Detection limits, based on the analysis of 100-ml natural water samples, are 1, 0.3, and 10 μg l^-1 for As, Ge, and Sb, respectively. Recovery studies indicate that the relatively simple method yields precise and accurate results.     

Comparison of an HPTLC method with the Reflectoquant assay for rapid determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in honey

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was analyzed in 17 botanical varieties of honey from 12 countries. A recently developed high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was limited because of increased matrix effects at higher honey sample loading. Therefore, the method was modified to achieve higher sensitivity and eliminate matrix interference by use of rectangular application combined with a focusing step. The HPTLC results were compared with results from the new spectrophotometric Reflectoquant hydroxymethylfurfural assay. Both methods had quantification limits of 4 mg kg^?1 and were suitable for rapid quantification of HMF in honey at the strictest regulated level of 15 mg kg^?1. Comparable results were obtained for the 17 honey samples, with a mean deviation of 2.9 mg kg^?1 (15 %). The optimized HPTLC method was proved to be highly matrix-robust and was validated for the 17 different honey matrices (correlation coefficients ≥0.9994 (n?=?6), mean intra-day precision 3.2 % (n?=?3 within a plate; n?=?2 repeated within a day), mean inter-day precision 3.7 % (n?=?3), mean reproducibility over the whole procedure including sample preparation 4.1 % (n?=?2), and mean recovery 106.9 % (n?=?5 different concentrations; n?=?4 different honey matrices). Recovery for a range of different application volumes, and thus for different honey matrix loading, differed by only ≤4.2 %. HMF results when calculated by use of external calibration and by use of the standard addition method varied by 8.8 %. Both revealed that any matrix effect was minor and that the original matrix interference problem was successfully solved.

HPLC法快速测定食品添加剂的检测条件研究

建立一种HPLC法快速测定食品中苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠的分析方法.采用C18反向高效液相色谱柱,以甲醇和乙酸铵溶液为流动相洗脱,用紫外检测器于230nm波长处检测.当流动相甲醇与乙酸铵的比例(V/V)为39∶61时,各组分均得到较好的分离,色谱峰分离度达到3.0以上,色谱峰型尖锐,保留时间较短.色谱峰面积和保留时间的RSD均小于1%,表明该方法具有很好的准确度和精密度.在该色谱条件下,分别对饮料、调料等实际样品进行检测,结果表明该色谱条件的HPLC法快速、准确,重现性好,可作为食品中防腐剂和甜味剂的定性定量的参考方法.     

食品安全快速检测方法的研究进展

近年来,因环境污染、农兽残超标、人为添加滥用或贮藏不当等因素带来的食品安全问题受到广泛关注,快速检测技术简便快速、高效经济,满足食品初筛检测的要求。本文综述了酶抑制速测法、生物传感器法和免疫速测法等食品安全快速检测方法的研究进展,并展望了其发展方向。     

Development and validation of a high-throughput high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of caffeine in food samples using a monolithic column

The present study reports the development and validation of a high-throughput high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for the determination of caffeine in food samples. The analyte was separated rapidly from sample matrix using a short monolithic column (50 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.). The flow rate was 3.0 mL min⁻¹, while the mobile phase consisted of ACN/water (10:90, v/v). Caffeine was detected directly at 274 nm. Under the optimal HPLC conditions, the sampling rate was 60 h⁻¹. The assay was validated for linearity, LOD and LOQ, precision, selectivity and ruggedness. The case of external calibration versus standard addition for the analysis of real samples was also examined. The proposed assay was applied to the analysis of beverages and coffee samples.     

Development of a high-throughput enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the routine detection of the carcinogen acrylamide in food, via rapid derivatisation pre-analysis

The spontaneous formation of the neurotoxic carcinogen acrylamide in a wide range of cooked foods has recently been discovered. These foods include bread and other bakery products, crisps, chips, breakfast cereals, and coffee. To date, the diminutive size of acrylamide (71.08 Da) has prevented the development of screening immunoassays for this chemical. In this study, a polyclonal antibody capable of binding the carcinogen was produced by the synthesis of an immunogen comprising acrylamide derivatised with 3-mercaptobenzoic acid (3-MBA), and its conjugation to the carrier protein bovine thyroglobulin. Antiserum from the immunised rabbit was harvested and fully characterised. It displayed no binding affinity for acrylamide or 3-MBA but had a high affinity for 3-MBA-derivitised acrylamide. The antisera produced was utilised in the development of an ELISA based detection system for acrylamide. Spiked water samples were assayed for acrylamide content using a previously published extraction method validated for coffee, crispbread, potato, milk chocolate and potato crisp matrices. Extracted acrylamide was then subjected to a rapid 1-h derivatisation with 3-MBA, pre-analysis. The ELISA was shown to have a high specificity for acrylamide, with a limit of detection in water samples of 65.7 μg kg⁻¹, i.e. potentially suitable for acrylamide detection in a wide range of food commodities. Future development of this assay will increase sensitivity further. This is the first report of an immunoassay capable of detecting the carcinogen, as its small size has necessitated current analytical detection via expensive, slower, physico-chemical techniques such as Gas or Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry.