Finite-dimensional quasi-variational inequalities associated with discontinuous functions

In this paper, given a nonempty closed convex setX ? ⁿ , a functionf: X→? ⁿ , and a multifunction Γ:X→2^X, we deal with the problem of finding a point \(\hat x\) ∈X such that $$\hat x \in \Gamma (\hat x) and \langle f(\hat x), \hat x - y\rangle \leqslant 0, for all y \in \Gamma (\hat x).$$ For such problem, we establish a result where, in particular, the functionf is not assumed to be continuous. More precisely, we extend to the present setting a finite-dimensional version of a result by Ricceri on variational inequalities (Ref. 1).     

Restricted Weak Upper Semi-continuity of Subdifferentials of Convex Functions on Banach Spaces

Let X be a Banach space and f a continuous convex function on X. Suppose that for each x ∈ X and each weak neighborhood V of zero in X ^* there exists δ > 0 such that $$\partial f(y)\subset\partial f(x)+V\;\;{\rm for\;all}\;y\in X\;{\rm with}\;\|y-x\|<\delta. $$ Then every continuous convex function g with $g \leqslant f$ on X is generically Fréchet differentiable. If, in addition, $\lim\limits_{\|x\|\rightarrow\infty}f(x)=\infty$ , then X is an Asplund space.     

Bombieri's theorem in short intervals

The well-known Bombieri-A. I. Vinogradov theorem states that (1) $$\sum\limits_{q \leqslant x^{\tfrac{1}{2}} (\log x)^{ - s} } {\mathop {\max }\limits_{(a,q) = 1} \mathop {\max }\limits_{y \leqslant x} } \left| {\psi (y,q;a) - \frac{y}{{\varphi (q)}}} \right| \ll \frac{x}{{(\log x)^A }},$$ whereA is an arbitrary positive constant,B=B(A)>0, and as usual, $$\psi (x,q;a) = \sum\limits_{\mathop {n \leqslant x}\limits_{n = a(q)} } {\Lambda (n),}$$ Λ being the Von Mangoldt's function. The problem of finding a result analogous to (1) for short intervals was investigated by many authors. Using Heath-Brown's identity and the approximate functional equation for DirichletL-functions, A. Perelli, J. Pintz and S. Salerno in 1985 established the following extension of Bombieri's theorem: Theorem 1. (2) $$\sum\limits_{q \leqslant Q} {\mathop {\max }\limits_{(a,q) = 1} \mathop {\max }\limits_{h \leqslant y} \mathop {\max }\limits_{\frac{x}{2}< \approx \leqslant x} } \left| {\psi (z + h,q;a) - \psi (z,q;a) - \frac{h}{{\varphi (q)}}} \right| \ll \frac{y}{{(\log x)^A }}$$ where A>0 is an arbitrary constant,y=x ^θ $$\frac{7}{{12}}< \theta \leqslant 1, Q = x^{\frac{1}{{40}}} .$$ ,Q=x ^1/40. By improving the basic lemma which A. Perelli, J. Pintz and S. Salerno used as the main tool to prove Theorem 1, we obtain Theorem 2.Under the same condition as in Theorem 1,for Q=x ^1/38.5, (2)still holds.     

On a multiplicative function on the set of shifted primes

It is proved that if ?(n) is a multiplicative function taking a valueζ on the set of primes such thatζ ³ = 1,ζ ≠ 1 and? ³(p ^r)=1 forr≥2, then there exists aθ ∈ (0, 1), for which $$|\sum\limits_{p \leqslant x} f (p + 1)| \leqslant \theta \pi (x)$$ , where $$\pi (x) = \sum\limits_{p \leqslant x} 1$$ .     

STRONG CONVERSE INEQUALITY FOR SZASZ-DURRMEYER OPERATORS

For Szasz-Durrmeyer operators Ln (f,z), 1＜ p≤∞, we prove that, forsome m, w^2φ(f,1/√n)p ≤(≤M(││Ln,f,x) - ,f││p ││Lmn(f, x) -f││p),where φ(x)^2 =x, M ＞0,w^2φ(f,t)p is Ditzian-Totik modulus of smoothness.     

On the Discontinuous Infinite-Dimensional Generalized Quasivariational Inequality Problem

In this paper, we deal with the following generalized quasivariational inequality problem: given a real normed space E with topological dual E* and two multifunctions G: X→2 ^X and F: X→2 ^E*, find $\left( {\hat x,\hat \phi } \right)$ ∈X × E* such that $\hat x \in G\left( {\hat x} \right),{\text{ }}\hat \phi \in F\left( {\hat x} \right),{\text{ }}\left\langle {\hat \phi ,\hat x - y} \right\rangle \leqslant 0,{\text{for all }}y \in G\left( {\hat x} \right).$ We extend to such infinite-dimensional setting some existence results which have been obtained recently for the special case where E is finite dimensional. In particular, our assumptions do not imply any kind of continuity for the multifunction F.     

Weighted approximation of entire functions of exponential type of several variables by trigonometric polynomials

Letf be an entire function (in Cⁿ) of exponential type for whichf(x)=0(?(x)) on the real subspace \(\mathbb{R}^w (\phi \geqslant 1,{\mathbf{ }}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\left| x \right| \to \infty } \phi (x) = \infty )\) and ?δ>0?C_δ>0 $$\left| {f(z)} \right| \leqslant C_\delta \exp \left\{ {h_s (y) + S\left| z \right|} \right\},z = x + iy$$ where h, (x)=sup〈3, x〉, S being a convex set in ?ⁿ. Then for any ?, ?>0, the functionf can be approximated with any degree of accuracy in the form p→ \(\mathop {\sup }\limits_{x \in \mathbb{R}^w } \frac{{\left| {P(x)} \right|}}{{\varphi (x)}}\) by linear combinations of functions x→expi〈λx〉 with frequenciesX belonging to an ?-neighborhood of the set S.     

Eine Bemerkung zu dem größten quadratfreien Teiler einer natürlichen Zahl

Let γ(n) be the largest squarefree divisor of a natural numbern. In this note we give an asymptotic formula for \(\sum\limits_{n \leqslant x} {\gamma (n)/n^k } \) wherek is an arbitrary integer.     

Commutators of Marcinkiewicz integral with rough kernels on Sobolev spaces

In this paper, the authors give the boundedness of the commutator [b, ??_??,?? ] from the homogeneous Sobolev space $\dot L_\gamma ^p \left( {\mathbb{R}^n } \right)$ to the Lebesgue space L ^p (? ⁿ ) for 1 < p < ??, where ??_??,?? denotes the Marcinkiewicz integral with rough hypersingular kernel defined by $\mu _{\Omega ,\gamma } f\left( x \right) = \left( {\int_0^\infty {\left| {\int_{\left| {x - y} \right| \leqslant t} {\frac{{\Omega \left( {x - y} \right)}} {{\left| {x - y} \right|^{n - 1} }}f\left( y \right)dy} } \right|^2 \frac{{dt}} {{t^{3 + 2\gamma } }}} } \right)^{\frac{1} {2}} ,$ , with ?? ?? L ¹(S ^n?1) for $0 < \gamma < min\left\{ {\frac{n} {2},\frac{n} {p}} \right\}$ or ?? ?? L(log⁺ L) ^?? (S ^n?1) for $\left| {1 - \frac{2} {p}} \right| < \beta < 1\left( {0 < \gamma < \frac{n} {2}} \right)$ , respectively.     

Padé tables of entire functions of very slow and smooth growth,II

Letf(z):=Σ _j=0 ^∞ a _j z ^j , where a_j ≠ 0,j large enough, and for someq ε C such that ¦q¦ $$q_j : = a_{j - 1} a_{j + 1} /a_j^2 \to q,j \to \infty .$$ Define for m,n = 0,1,2,..., the Toeplitz determinant $$D(m/n): = \det (a_{m - j + k} )_{j,k = 1}^n .$$ Given ? > 0, we show that form large enough, and for everyn = 1,2,3,..., $$(1 - \varepsilon )^n \leqslant \left| {{{D(m/n)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{D(m/n)} {\left\{ {a_m^n \mathop \Pi \limits_{j - 1}^{n - 1} (1 - q_m^j )^{n - j} } \right\}}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left\{ {a_m^n \mathop \Pi \limits_{j - 1}^{n - 1} (1 - q_m^j )^{n - j} } \right\}}}} \right| \leqslant (1 + \varepsilon )^n .$$ We apply this to show that any sequence of Padé approximants {[m _k /n _k ]} ₁ ^∞ tof, withm _k →∞ ask→ ∞, converges locally uniformly in C. In particular, the diagonal sequence {[n/n]} ₁ ^∞ converges throughout C. Further, under additional assumptions, we give sharper asymptotics forD(m/n).     

On extensions of polynomial functions

Let X, Y be two linear spaces over the field ? of rationals and let D ≠ ? be a (?—convex subset of X. We show that every function ?: D → Y satisfying the functional equation $${\mathop\sum^{n+1}\limits_{j=0}}(-1)^{n+1-j}\Bigg(^{n+1}_{j}\Bigg)f\Bigg((1-{j\over {n+1}})x+{j\over{n+1}}y\Bigg)=0,\ \ \ x,y\in\ D,$$ admits an extension to a function F: X → Y of the form $$F(x)=A^o+A^1(x)+\cdot\cdot\cdot+A^n(x),\ \ \ x\in\ X,$$ where A ^o ∈ Y, A^k(x) ? A_k(x,…,x), x ∈ X, and the maps A _k: X ^k → Y are k—additive and symmetric, k ∈ {1,…, n}. Uniqueness of the extension is also discussed.     

On the asymptotic behaviour of the ideal counting function in quadratic number fields

LetK be a quadratic number field with discriminantD and denote byF(n) the number of integral ideals with norm equal ton. Forr≥1 the following formula is proved $$\sum\limits_{n \leqslant x} {F(n)F(n + r) = M_K (r)x + E_K (x,r).} $$ HereM _k (r) is an explicitly determined function ofr which depends onK, and for every ε>0 the error term is bounded by \(|E_K (x,r)|<< |D|^{{3 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {3 2}} \right. \kern-0em} 2} + \varepsilon } x^{{5 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {5 6}} \right. \kern-0em} 6} + \varepsilon } \) uniformly for \(r<< |D|^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-0em} 2}} x^{{5 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {5 6}} \right. \kern-0em} 6}} \) Moreover,E _k (x,r) is small on average, i.e \(\int_X^{2X} {|E_K (x,r)|^2 dx}<< |D|^{4 + \varepsilon } X^{{5 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {5 2}} \right. \kern-0em} 2} + \varepsilon } \) uniformly for \(r<< |D|X^{{3 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {3 4}} \right. \kern-0em} 4}} \) .     

On oscillatory integral Hilbert transformation with trigonometric polynomial phase

Let $ \mathcal{P}_n $ denote the set of algebraic polynomials of degree n with the real coefficients. Stein and Wpainger [1] proved that $$ \mathop {\sup }\limits_{p( \cdot ) \in \mathcal{P}_n } \left| {p.v.\int_\mathbb{R} {\frac{{e^{ip(x)} }} {x}dx} } \right| \leqslant C_n , $$ where C _n depends only on n. Later A. Carbery, S. Wainger and J. Wright (according to a communication obtained from I. R. Parissis), and Parissis [3] obtained the following sharp order estimate $$ \mathop {\sup }\limits_{p( \cdot ) \in \mathcal{P}_n } \left| {p.v.\int_\mathbb{R} {\frac{{e^{ip(x)} }} {x}dx} } \right| \sim \ln n. $$ . Now let $ \mathcal{T}_n $ denote the set of trigonometric polynomials $$ t(x) = \frac{{a_0 }} {2} + \sum\limits_{k = 1}^n {(a_k coskx + b_k sinkx)} $$ with real coefficients a _k , b _k . The main result of the paper is that $$ \mathop {\sup }\limits_{t( \cdot ) \in \mathcal{T}_n } \left| {p.v.\int_\mathbb{R} {\frac{{e^{it(x)} }} {x}dx} } \right| \leqslant C_n , $$ with an effective bound on C _n . Besides, an analog of a lemma, due to I. M. Vinogradov, is established, concerning the estimate of the measure of the set, where a polynomial is small, via the coefficients of the polynomial.     

A decomposition for someU-type statistics

Define , $S_{k,n} = \Sigma _{1 \leqslant i_1< \cdot \cdot \cdot< l_k \leqslant n} X_{i_1 } \cdot \cdot \cdot X_{i_k } ,n \geqslant k \geqslant {\text{1}}$ where {X, X _n ,n≥1} are i.i.d. random variables withEX=0,EX ²=1 and letH _k (·) denote the Hermite polynomial of degreek. By establishing an LIL for products of correlated sums of i.i.d. random variables, the a.s. decomposition $$\begin{gathered} k!S_{k,n} = n^{k/2} H_k (S_{1n} /n^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} ) - \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} k \\ 2 \\ \end{array} } \right)S_{1.n}^{k - 2} \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {(X_i^2 - 1)} \hfill \\ + O(n^{(k - 1)/2} (\log \log n)^{(k - 3/2} ) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ valid whenEX ⁴<∞, elicits an LIL forη _k,n =k!S _k,n ?n ^k/2 H _k (S _1n /n ^1/2) under a reduced normalization. Moreover, whenE|X| ^p <∞ for somep in [2, 4], a Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund type strong law forη _k,n is obtained, likewise under a reduced normalization.     

Weak convergence theory for strong materials with p(x)-growth

Let L: Ω × R ^m × R ^{m × n} → R be a Caratheodory integrand with $c_1 |\nu |^{p(x)} + c_2 \leqslant L(x,u,\nu ) \leqslant c_3 |\nu |^{p(x)} + c_4 ,c_3 \geqslant c_1 > 0,n + \varepsilon \leqslant p( \cdot ) \leqslant p < \infty ,\varepsilon > 0.$ Under these assumptions the weak convergence theory holds for the integral functional $J(u): = \int\limits_\Omega {L(x,u(x),Du(x))dx} $ without further requirements. Weak convergence theory includes lower seraicontinuity with respect to the weak convergence of Sobolev functions, the convergence in energy property (weak convergence of Sobolev functions and convergence in energy imply the strong convergence of the functions), the integral representation for the relaxed energy and related questions. The results of the weak convergence theory follows from a characterization of gradient Young measures associated with these functionals.     

Eine Bemerkung über quadratfreie Zahlen ≢1 (modk)

Denote byf(k) the least natural numberm for which 1+mk is squarefree.Erdös gave the estimatef(k)?k ^3/2(logk)^?1. We derive (by elementary means) the asymptotic relation $$\sum\limits_{k \leqslant x} {(f(k))^\alpha = c(\alpha )x + 0(x} ) (x \to \infty ,0 \leqslant \alpha \leqslant 1)$$      

Interpolation with lagrange polynomials a simple proof of Markov inequality and some of its generalizations

The following theorem is provedTheorem 1.Let q be a polynomial of degree n(qP_n)with n distinct zeroes lying inthe interval[-1,1] and△'_q={-1}∪{τ_i:q'(τ_i)=0,i=1,n-1}∪{1}.If polynomial pP_n satisfies the inequalitythen for each k=1,n and any x[-1,1]its k-th derivative satisfies the inequality丨p~(k)(x)丨≤max{丨q~((k))(x)丨,丨1/k(x~2-1)q~(k+1)(x)+xq~((k))(x)丨}.This estimate leads to the Markov inequality for the higher order derivatives ofpolynomials if we set q=T_n,where Tn is Chebyshev polynomial least deviated from zero.Some other results are established which gives evidence to the conjecture that under theconditions of Theorem 1 the inequality ‖p~((k))‖≤‖q~(k)‖holds.     

Inverse problem for equations of mixed type with Lavrent’ev-Bitsadze operator

For the equation of mixed elliptic-hyperbolic type $u_{xx} + (\operatorname{sgn} y)u_{yy} - b^2 u = f(x)$ in a rectangular domainD = {(x, y) | 0 < x < 1, ?α < y < β}, where α, β, and b are given positive numbers, we study the problem with boundary conditions $\begin{gathered} u(0,y) = u(1,y) = 0, - \alpha \leqslant y \leqslant \beta , \hfill \\ u(x,\beta ) = \phi (x),u(x,\alpha ) = \psi (x),u_y (x, - \alpha ) = g(x),0 \leqslant x \leqslant 1. \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $ . We establish a criterion for the uniqueness of the solution, which is constructed as the sum of the series in eigenfunctions of the corresponding eigenvalue problem and prove the stability of the solution.     

A note on a problem by H. S. Shapiro

В РАБОтЕ ДОкАжАНО, ЧтО limk _a *f(x)=f(x) пОЧтИ ВсУДУ, гДЕk _a(t)=a^?n k(a^?1t), t?Rⁿ, Для Дль ДОВОльНО шИРОкОг О клАссА ФУНкцИИk(t). ДАНы УслОВИь, пРИ кОтО Рых пОлУЧЕННыИ РЕжУл ьтАт РАспРОстРАНьЕтсь НА ФУНкцИУ $$k(x,y) = \gamma \frac{1}{{1 + |x|^\alpha }} \cdot \frac{1}{{1 + |y|^\beta }},$$ гДЕ α, β>1, А γ — НОРМИРУУЩ ИИ МНОжИтЕль тАкОИ, Чт О∫∫k(x, y) dx dy=1.