蒙脱土和高岭土对Pb2+的吸附

选择带结构负电荷的蒙脱土和带微量结构负电荷的高岭土,研究了其对Pb2+的吸附性能,并探讨了吸附机理。 研究表明,蒙脱土和高岭土吸附Pb2+的动力学曲线符合准二级动力学方程,吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程。 Pb2+同时以内层络合和外层配合形式吸附,其相对量与pH值有关。 在pH值小于4和大于8的范围内,以内层配合物为主;而pH值在4～8范围内外层配合物比例增大。 Pb2+能进入蒙脱土的层间,而不能进入高岭土的层间;部分Pb2+可进入黏土颗粒的微孔中被固定。 蒙脱土对Pb2+的吸附能力和饱和吸附量明显高于高岭土。     

蒙脱土/阳离子偶氮染料插层纳米复合物离子交换吸附

从有机阳离子与蒙脱土离子交换吸附原理出发,推导出吸附等温式和表面二维状态方程理论关系,给出了热失重确定吸附量的数据处理方法．选择具有光致变色功能、整个分子共轭的有机阳离子GTL作为插层剂,成功制备了一系列插层纳米复合物．GTL阳离子交换吸附实验数据符合推导出的吸附等温式,插层复合物界面压强π随其含水量增大而线性减小,在较低π下,层间GTL以平行于蒙脱土片层表面的单分子层形态排列;随着π增大,层间GTL以倾斜于蒙脱土片层表面的头尾交指型团聚体形态排列;在更大的π下,层间GTL倾向垂直于蒙脱土片层表面成双分子层排列,其尾端重叠自组装形成超分子共轭纳米结构,层间GTL热稳定性大幅度提高。     

超吸水聚丙烯酰胺/蒙脱土复合材料力学性质的研究

利用紫外线照射方法合成了超吸水聚丙烯酰胺／蒙脱土复合材料(SAPC)。力学性质研究表明其吸水膨胀时可以做功。做功能力和效率取决于其形状。材料越薄,膨胀速率越快,单位质量材料产生功率越大。改变溶液pH值可以改变SAPC的膨胀能力。     

聚丙烯酰胺/蒙脱土纳米复合物-聚乙烯醇共混膜的制备及其渗透汽化性能

用原位聚合法制备聚丙烯酰胺/蒙脱土(PAM/MMT)纳米复合材料, 通过透射电镜研究了蒙脱土在聚丙烯酰胺基体中的形貌和分布. 结果表明, 蒙脱土以片层结构分布在聚合物基体中. 用超声波分散聚乙烯醇和聚丙烯酰胺-蒙脱土共混铸膜液制得共混膜, 用红外吸收光谱和扫描电镜研究了两者的相互作用和形貌. 考察了共混膜在异丙醇-水混合溶液中的溶胀吸附性能及共混比和蒙脱土含量对膜分离性能的影响, 结果显示, 聚乙烯醇膜中添加适量的蒙脱土纳米粒子可以大大改善膜的分离选择性.     

Ag-TiO2/蒙脱土复合纳米光催化剂的研究

本文以蒙脱土(简称MMT)为载体,利用四氯化钛水解法将纳米TiO2引入到蒙脱土层间,经500℃煅烧后得到稳定结构的TiO2柱撑蒙脱土,再通过化学还原法将金属银负载于其上,合成出载银/二氧化钛柱撑蒙脱土复合光催化剂(Ag-TiO2/MMT).通过XRD、IR、BET、AAS等分析方法对复合光催化剂的物相组成、键合状况、比表面积、元素含量等物化性质进行了表征.对降解亚甲基蓝的光催化活性测试表明具有如下的光催化活性序列:Ag-TiO2/MMT>TiO2/MMT>TiO2(P25),其中Ag-TiO2/MMT由于柱化后具有较大的比表面积和Ag的负载改性而具有最高的光催化活性.     

阳离子改性蒙脱土及对活性翠蓝K-GL染料的吸附性能研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)作为有机改性剂对钠基蒙脱土(MMT)进行改性得到阳离子化有机改性蒙脱土(CTMAB-MMT)。X-Ray衍射结果表明,随CTMAB用量的增加,MMT的层间距增加。以CTMABMMT为吸附剂,研究了其对活性翠蓝K-GL染料的吸附性能,结果表明,CTMAB-MMT对染料的吸附容量随CTMAB用量的增加或吸附温度的提高而增大;在弱酸性条件下CTMAB-MMT的吸附容量明显优于碱性条件;随着吸附时间的延长,CTMAB-MMT对染料的吸附容增加,一定时间后趋向于平衡。     

Gemini表面活性剂改性有机蒙脱土的制备及其对甲基橙的吸附性能

分别以1,2-亚乙基-双(十二烷基二甲基溴化铵)(12-2-12)和1,2-亚乙基-双(十六烷基二甲基溴化铵)(16-2-16)为插层试剂,通过离子交换法合成了不同阳离子交换量的有机蒙脱土12-2-12-MMT和16-2-16-MMT。FTIR、XRD和TG-DTG分析表明,随着阳离子交换量的增大和Gemini表面活性剂碳链的增长,改性蒙脱土的层间距增大。考察阳离子交换量、时间、p H和温度等对甲基橙吸附性能的影响,结果表明,1.0CEC的12-2-12-MMT和16-2-16-MMT在20℃、p H=3、6 h对甲基橙吸附的效果最好;且同一吸附条件下16-2-16-MMT对甲基橙吸附性能明显优于12-2-12-MMT,有机蒙脱土对甲基橙的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,热力学符合Langmuir吸附等温式。     

不同有机化蒙脱土对聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料结构和性能的影响

采用不同的有机改性剂制备了三种含羟基极性基团、环氧基和不含极性基团的有机化蒙脱土, 并与混有少量马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯的聚丙烯基体进行复合, 制备了聚丙烯粘土纳米复合材料. 采用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、热分析仪、示差扫描热分析仪和力学测试仪对样品进行结构表征和力学性能测试. 探讨和比较了不同有机化蒙脱土对聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料结构和性能的影响. 结果表明, 携带极性基团的有机改性剂和马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯的强烈相互作用有利于有机化蒙脱土在复合材料中的插层、剥离和稳定性, 由此形成的聚丙烯粘土纳米复合材料具有更高的结晶度, 其力学性能的提高也更为显著.     

聚有机硅丙烯酸酯/蒙脱土纳米复合乳液的流变性

本文采用原位插层聚合的方法,单体插层插入有机蒙脱土片层中,然后引发原位聚合,制备了聚有机硅丙烯酸酯与有机蒙脱土的复合乳液。并用旋转粘度计对其流变性进行了研究。发现乳液的表观粘度(ηa)、稠度系数(K)、零剪切粘度(η0)、粘流活化能(Ea)随有机硅含量增加而增加,而流动指数(η)则减小;ηa、K、η0、Ea随有机蒙脱土含量的增加先增大后减小,当蒙脱土含量为1％时达最大值,n则为最小值。     

羧甲基纤维素钠/蒙脱土纳米复合膜的制备及性能

用溶液插层法制备出了剥离型羧甲基纤维素钠 蒙脱土纳米复合物 .X射线衍射结果中蒙脱土d0 0 1 峰的消失证实了纳米复合物的生成 ,透射电镜观察表明硅酸盐片层在羧甲基纤维素钠基体中达到了纳米级的分散 .红外测试表明 ,羧甲基纤维素钠分子上的醚键和蒙脱土分子上的硅氧键、铝氧键之间强的作用力是插层的驱动力 .加入蒙脱土后 ,提高了羧甲基纤维素钠膜的拉伸强度、热稳定性 ,降低了其水蒸汽透过系数 .     

大孔交联聚(对乙烯基苄基苯基醚)树脂对苯酚的吸附机理

由氯甲基化聚苯乙烯合成了大孔交联聚(对乙烯基苄基苯基醚)树脂(简称为苯基醚树脂), 测定了其对正己烷和水中苯酚的吸附等温线, 计算了吸附焓. 同时, 比较了聚(对乙烯基苄甲醚)、苯基醚树脂、聚(对乙烯基苄基对硝基苯基醚)和聚(对乙烯基苄基对甲基苯基醚)对正己烷中苯酚的吸附性能以及氯甲基化聚苯乙烯和苯基醚树脂对水中苯酚、2,3,5-三甲基苯酚和对硝基甲苯的吸附性能. 结果表明, 苯基醚树脂是通过氢键吸附正己烷溶液中苯酚的, 而其对水中苯酚的吸附是基于氢键和疏水作用的协同.     

Multivariate Optimization of Pb2+ Adsorption onto Ethiopian Low-Cost Odaracha Soil Using Response Surface Methodology

Lead pollution is a severe health concern for humankind. Utilizing water contaminated with lead can cause musculoskeletal, renal, neurological, and fertility impairments. Therefore, to remove lead ions, proficient, and cost-effective methods are imperative. In this study, the Odaracha soil which is traditionally used by the local community of the Saketa District was used as a novel low-cost technology to adsorb lead ions. Odaracha adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption process followed the batch adsorption experiment. The response surface method was implemented to derive the operating variables’ binary interaction effect and optimize the process. According to the study’s experimental result, at optimum experimental conditions Odaracha adsorbent removes 98.17% of lead ions. Based on the result of the central composite design model, the Pb²⁺ ion removal efficiency of Odaracha was 97.193%, indicating an insignificant dissimilarity of the actual and predicted results. The coefficient of determination (R²) for Pb²⁺ was 0.9454. According to the factors’ influence indicated in the results of the central composite design model, all individual factors and the interaction effect between contact time and pH has a significant positive effect on lead adsorption. However, other interaction effects (contact time with dose and pH with dose) did not significantly influence the removal efficiency of lead ions. The adsorption kinetics were perfectly fitted with a pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption isotherm was well fitted with the Freundlich isotherm model. In general, this study suggested that Odaracha adsorbent can be considered a potential adsorbent to remove Pb²⁺ ions and it is conceivable to raise its effectiveness by extracting its constituents at the industrial level.     

聚烯丙基胺硅胶复合材料的合成及其吸附性能

氯丙基三氯硅烷-硅胶;聚烯丙基胺硅胶复合材料的合成及其吸附性能     

Activated Carbon/Pectin Composite Enterosorbent for Human Protection from Intoxication with Xenobiotics Pb(II) and Sodium Diclofenac

The use of enterosorbents—materials which can be administered orally and eliminate toxic substances from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by sorption—offers an attractive complementary protection of humans against acute and chronic poisoning. In this study, we report the results of developing a microgranulated binary biomedical preparation for oral use. It was designed with a core-shell structure based on pectin with low degree of esterification as the core, and nanoporous activated carbon produced from rice husk, AC-RH, as the shell, designated as AC-RH@pectin. The adsorption properties of the synthesized materials were studied in aqueous solutions for the removal of lead (II) nitrate as a representative of toxic polyvalent metals and sodium diclofenac as an example of a medicinal drug. The composite enterosorbent demonstrated high adsorption capacity for both adsorbates studied. Adsorption kinetics of lead and diclofenac adsorption by AC-RH, pectin, and AC-RH@pectin, fitted well a pseudo-second-order model. According to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, the best fitted isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacity, q_max, of AC-RH@pectin for diclofenac and for lead (II) was 130.9 mg/g and 227.8 mg/g, respectively. Although q_max of AC-RH for diclofenac, 537.6 mg/g, and q_max of pectin for lead (II), 245.7 mg/g, were higher, the maximum adsorption capacity of AC-RH for lead (II), 52.7 mg/g, was much lower than that of the composite AC-RH@pectin and the adsorption capacity of pectin for diclofenac was negligible. Therefore, the composite material AC-RH@pectin demonstrated substantial efficiency of removing both species which potentially defines it as a more universal enterosorbent suitable for treating poisoning caused by substances of different chemical nature.     

大孔交联聚(对乙烯基苄基苯胺)树脂对苯酚的吸附

由氯甲基化聚苯乙烯合成了大孔交联聚(对乙烯基苄基苯胺)树脂, 测定了其对正己烷和水中苯酚的吸附等温线, 计算了吸附焓. 结果表明, 苯胺基树脂主要是通过氢键吸附正己烷中苯酚的, 树脂负载的功能基氮原子和苯环都作为氢键受体与苯酚的羟基氢原子形成氢键, 而其对水中苯酚的吸附是基于氢键和疏水作用.     

浓硫酸脱水实验中蔗糖炭化产物对Pb~(2+)的吸附性能研究

将《人教版必修1》浓硫酸脱水实验中蔗糖炭化废弃物经洗涤、水煮、干燥等处理后制得蔗糖炭产物,将处理后的炭产物用于铅离子的吸附实验,探讨了炭产物的用量、浸泡温度、溶液p H值等单因素对吸附铅离子的影响;并将炭产物的吸附效果与一些已经商业化的吸附剂进行对比,实验取得良好的实验结果,表明该废弃炭产物可以有效除去溶液中的铅离子。     

The State of NaOH in NaOH/Poly(Sodium Acrylate) Composite

NaOH/poly(sodium acrylate) composites were prepared by in situ polymerization of acrylic acid with an overneutralization level by adding excess NaOH. The composites were studied by XRD, IR and ²³Na MAS NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that the high neutralization degree (>100%) may lead to a complete polymerization. Both XRD and ²³Na MAS NMR spectra did not show any peaks of phase-separated NaOH or Na₂CO₃ until the neutralization degree was up to 217.5%. It can be presumed that the aggregates of Na⁺ ions can contain approximately two Na⁺ units for every carboxyl group before the phase separation.     

一种新型的亲水性聚丙烯酸-陶瓷复合膜

通过化学气相沉积和丙烯酸(AA)在大孔陶瓷膜表面的接枝共聚制备了一种新型的亲水性PAA-陶瓷复合膜. 用FT-IR、SEM、EDS、表面接触角等方法对复合膜接枝层的化学组成、表面形态、元素分布和亲水性进行了表征. 通过系统研究气相沉积和接枝反应的主要条件对膜的渗透汽化性能的影响, 发现当TEOS用量为5 mL, 汽化温度为175 ℃时进行气相沉积, 然后在丙烯酸浓度为7.5%的溶液中进行接枝聚合, 制得的复合膜对醇水混合物显示了优良的分离性能.