MCM-48介孔材料相转化合成的形成机制

利用水热合成的方法,使用新型的表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基对苯磺酸盐作为模板剂合成了高质量的MCM-48介孔分子筛,并用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)以及N₂吸附-脱附进行了表征。合成过程的研究表明该合成体系经历了三相,起始相为具有六方对称性的MCM-41,随着加热时间的延长,生成了具有立方对称性的MCM-48,进一步延长加热时间则生成了层状相MCM-50。三相转变发生的核心驱动力来自于表面活性剂有效堆积参数g因子的改变,随着反应时间的延长,由于对甲基苯磺酸根离子（Tos^-）的流失,表面活性剂极性头所占的有效面积（a₀）明显减小,g值变大。另外,XRD、傅立叶变换的红外光谱(FT-IR)以及固体魔角自旋核磁共振(²⁹Si MAS NMR)的表征结果证明：随着晶化时间的延长,相转变的同时伴随着介孔材料的孔壁逐渐由原子无序的非晶态向原子有序的晶态结构转变。最终形成的原子有序层状介孔分子筛可以作为扩孔型微孔分子筛合成的有效前驱体。     

缓冲体系中高热和水热稳定性的MCM-48介孔分子筛的合成

利用混合阳离子-非离子表面活性剂为模板剂在缓冲体系中成功地合成出具有高热和水热稳定性的MCM-48介孔材料. 通过XRD, N₂吸附-脱附, ²⁹Si MAS NMR和 ³¹P MAS NMR等手段对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, 合成的MCM-48材料具有高的比表面积和高度有序的孔道系统. 样品在空气中于900 ℃下焙烧15 h和在600 ℃ 100%水蒸气下处理8～10 h, 仍能保持良好的立方孔道结构, 显示很高的热稳定性和极好的水热稳定性.     

MCM-48介孔分子筛的高压合成

采用正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）作硅源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为模板剂,在高压 （约7 MPa）和373 K下合成了MCM-48介孔分子筛.用XRD、氮气吸附及29Si MAS NMR对样品 进行了表征.与常压合成的相比,高压下合成的MCM-48具有更高的热稳定性和水热稳定性.2 9Si MAS NMR结果表明,高压有利于分子筛孔壁的聚合,导致分子筛结构更加完善,从而使 其具有更高的稳定性.     

MCM-48介孔分子筛的合成研究

利用水热法合成了ＭＣＭ－４８介孔分子筛,通过ＩＲ,ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ,ＸＲＤ,ＴＥＭ,Ｎ２吸附等方法对产物进行了表征,并系统地研究了晶化温度、晶化时间、凝胶组成等对合成ＭＣＭ－４８介孔分子筛的影响     

介孔分子筛MCM-48的室温合成与表面修饰

在室温条件下的碱性介质中合成了介孔分子筛MCM-48，并对其进行了有机官能团表面修饰。利用HRTEM、低温N₂吸附、XRD、TG、IR和NMR等手段对产物进行了结构和性能分析。实验结果表明，合成产物MCM-48具有规则的孔道结构、大比表面积、大孔容和窄分布的孔径。由硅烷试剂表面修饰后的MCM-48，由于有机官能团接枝在MCM-48的内表面，占据了孔道内部空间，使其比表面积、孔容和孔径都减小。     

微波法研制碱土金属氧化物负载型MCM-48碱性介孔材料

以立方相介孔分子筛MCM-48为载体,用微波辐射分散MgO或CaO和醋酸镁溶液浸渍等方法研制碱性介孔材料。MCM-48能经受微波辐射,负载碱性客体之后也保持介相结构。异丙醇分解探针反应表明:载体本身没有碱催化活性,而碱性MCM-48介孔材料的活性随温度升高而提高。本文还对介孔材料在微波分散和碱性催化方面的特点进行分析。     

含锡介孔分子筛MCM-48的合成、表征及催化性能

自M41S问世以来[1],其在吸附、催化及催化剂载体等领域的应用成为人们研究的热点。但纯硅M41S本身不具有催化活性中心,不能直接应用于催化反应中,将具有催化活性的金属掺杂在分子筛骨架中是赋予M41S系列介孔分子筛催化性能的重要手段。文献[2,3]已报道了一些金属掺杂在MCM-41中     

纯硅MCM-48的合成研究

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,非离子型表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚和阳离子型表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为共模板水热法合成了纯硅MCM-48分子筛。利用范德华力和氢键,聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚不仅可降低合成MCM-48所需阳离子表面活性剂的用量,而且有利于制备有序性好和稳定性高的MCM-48;并与单一阳离子表面活性剂制备的MCM-48的稳定性进行比较。     

含氟体系中合成高品质的MCM-48介孔分子筛

在含氟体系中以正硅酸乙酯和十六烷基溴化铵作为硅源和模板剂,合成高质量的MCM-48。主要考察了各种影响合成MCM-48的因素,得到的产物分别用XRD,TEM和N₂吸附-脱附技术进行表征。结果表明,合成高质量MCM-48的条件是温度为393 K,时间为24 h,CTAB/Si比为0.65;得到的MCM-48具有较大的比表面积(130 5 m²/g),孔径分布比较集中(2.416 nm)。     

介孔材料B-Al-MCM-48合成的新方法

首次在两种阳离子表面活性剂存在的弱碱反应体系中加入三乙醇胺进行分子调变从而合成了具有较高稳定性和酸性的介孔材料B－Al-MCM-48,并用XRD、IR、TEM、NMR等油试手段对其进行了表征，同时阐述了其合成化学特点。结果表明，实验产品有序度高，介孔排布均匀，孔径大约介于2．0nm-3.0nm,比表面积为1200m^2/g,孔容为1．18mL/g;孔墙中引入的硼以四配位形式存在，改善了沸石酸性和稳定性。进而以轻汽油的催化加氢为探针反应考察了载Ni后介孔材料B－Al-MCM-48的催化活性，与现行X型沸石催化剂载体相比，脱氮、脱硫和芳烃转化大幅度提高。     

Phase Transformation of MCM-41 in the Mother Liquid at Moderate Temperature

A new crystalline phase (via amorphous intermediate), NCUZ-1, was obtained when MCM-41 (Si/Al=9) was under prolonged heating in the mother liquid (which contains NaAlO₂, [N(CH₃)₄]₂SiO₃, SiO₂, and surfactant C₁₆H₃₃N(CH₃)₃OH(aq) at 105°C for more than two weeks. The largest d spacing of NCUZ-1 calculated from X-ray diffraction data is approx. 6 Å, indicating that the long-range order of the mesopores in MCM-41 was not present in NCUZ-1. Nitrogen absorption studies showed that NCUZ-1 contains both mesopores and micropores. The volume ratio of the mesopore to micropore is approx. 10 to 1 and the BET surface area is 400 m²/g. The TEM micrograph of NCUZ-1 revealed a homogenous phase with distorted mesopores. The ¹³C NMR spectrum of NCUZ-1 before calcination is similar to that of uncalcined MCM-41, indicating that the organic templates in both phases have a similar structure. In the phase transformation process, the counteranion (OH⁻) of the surfactant template played an important role. It increased the solubility of the aluminosilicate wall; the breaking and reforming the Si–O and Al–O bonds make the phase transformation possible, although the process is very slow. When C₁₆H₃₃N(CH₃)₃Cl, instead of C₁₆H₃₃N(CH₃)₃OH, was used as a template, no NCUZ-1 phase was obtained under the same reaction conditions. TEM micrograph, nitrogen absorption isothermal, and ¹³C NMR spectra of NCUZ-1 suggested that the mesopores were present in the NCUZ-1 phase, although there is no long-range order of these mesopores.     

Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclic ketones over iron-containing mesoporous MCM-48 silica materials

Fe-MCM-48 mesoporous material was found to be a highly active catalyst for the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of several cyclic ketones. The catalyst could be reused several times without any loss of activity.     

Facile synthesis of the cubic mesoporous material MCM-48. Detailed study of accompanying phase transformations

The synthesis of cubic mesoporous material MCM-48 has been simplified and can be accomplished via facile hydrothermal synthesis using convenient commercial reagents. The cubic structure evolves from the initially formed hexagonal MCM-41 and undergoes slow conversion to the lamellar MCM-50 precursor. The system was sampled at 1 hr intervals and the intermediate products characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffraction and adsorption. The results are discussed from the standpoint of possible mechanisms of MCM-48 generation.     

Dielectric properties and Fourier transform IR analysis of MCM-48, Al-MCM-48 and Ti-MCM-48 mesoporous materials

 Broad-band dielectric spectroscopy was used to investigate the dielectric properties of the meso- porous materials MCM-48, Al-MCM-48 and Ti-MCM-48. The samples were examined in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 1 MHz and in the temperature range from −100 to 250 °C. The dielectric relaxation of the materials has a complex nonexponential behavior with some common features for all the samples. The dielectric spectroscopy and Fourier transform IR measurements identified the relaxation process related to percolation of H⁺ ions associated with silanol groups and water adsorbed in the materials. The non-Debye behavior of the macroscopic dipole correlation functions related to the percolation process allowed us to extract the fractal dimensions of the paths of excitation transfer within the porous medium, and the porosity of each sample was estimated. Received: 7 September 1999 Accepted: 10 December 1999