Non-solvability for a class of left-invariant second-order differential operators on the Heisenberg group

We study the question of local solvability for second-order, left-invariant differential operators on the Heisenberg group , of the form

where is a complex matrix. Such operators never satisfy a cone condition in the sense of Sjöstrand and Hörmander. We may assume that cannot be viewed as a differential operator on a lower-dimensional Heisenberg group. Under the mild condition that and their commutator are linearly independent, we show that is not locally solvable, even in the presence of lower-order terms, provided that . In the case we show that there are some operators of the form described above that are locally solvable. This result extends to the Heisenberg group a phenomenon first observed by Karadzhov and Müller in the case of It is interesting to notice that the analysis of the exceptional operators for the case turns out to be more elementary than in the case When the analysis of these operators seems to become quite complex, from a technical point of view, and it remains open at this time.

     

Solvability on the Heisenberg group

We solve in various spaces the linear equations L_αg = f , where L_α belongs to a class of transversally elliptic second order differential operators on the Heisenberg group with double characteristics and complex‐valued coefficients, not necessarily locally solvable. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Local solvability of partial differential operators on the Heisenberg group

In this article the following class of partial differential operators is examined for local solvability: Let P(X, Y) be a homogeneous polynomial of degree n ≥ 2 in the non-commuting variables X and Y. Suppose that the complex polynomial P(iz, 1) has distinct roots and that P(z, 0) = zⁿ. The operators which we investigate are of the form P(X, Y) where X = δ_x and Y = δ_y + xδ_w for variables (x, y, w) ∈ ?³. We find that the operators P (X, Y) are locally solvable if and only if the kernels of the ordinary differential operators P(iδ_x, ± x)* contain no Schwartz-class functions other than the zero function. The proof of this theorem involves the construction of a parametrix along with invariance properties of Heisenberg group operators and the application of Sobolev-space inequalities by Hörmander as necessary conditions for local solvability.     

Joint eigenfunctions of invariant differential operators on the quaternion Heisenberg group

Let L be the sublaplacian on the quaternion Heisenberg group N and T the Dirac type operator with respect to central variables of N.In this article,we characterize the H c-valued joint eigenfunctions of L and T having eigenvalues from the quaternionic Heisenberg fan.     

On power-bounded operators and operators satisfying a resolvent condition

We obtain, by means of a classification of the eigenvalues, local estimates for holomorphic. functions of a class of linear operators on a finite dimensional linear vector space. We apply these methods to find new proofs of some theorems ofKreiss andMorton, and in addition we give a local estimate of the powers of the inverse of any nonsingular operator in this class.     

Hausdorff operators on the Heisenberg group

This paper is devoted to the high-dimensional and multilinear Hausdorff operators on the Heisenberg group H n. The sharp bounds for the strong type(p, p)(1 ≤ p ≤∞) estimates of n-dimensional Hausdorff operators on H n are obtained. The sharp bounds for strong(p, p) estimates are further extended to multilinear cases. As an application, we derive the sharp constant for the multilinear Hardy operator on H n. The weak type(p, p)(1 ≤ p ≤∞) estimates are also obtained.     

Liouville type results and a maximum principle for non-linear differential operators on the Heisenberg group

We prove Liouville type results for non-negative solutions of the differential inequality _Δφu?f(u)?(|_∇0u|)${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{\phi }u?f(u)?(|{\mathrm{\nabla }}_{0}u|)$ on the Heisenberg group under a generalized Keller–Osserman condition. The operator _Δφu${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{\phi }u$ is the φ  -Laplacian defined by _div0(|_∇0u|⁻¹φ(|_∇0u|)_∇0u)${\mathrm{div}}_0({|{\mathrm{\nabla }}_{0}u|}^{-1}\phi (|{\mathrm{\nabla }}_{0}u|){\mathrm{\nabla }}_{0}u)$ and φ, f and ? satisfy mild structural conditions. In particular, ? is allowed to vanish at the origin. A key tool that can be of independent interest is a strong maximum principle for solutions of such differential inequality.     

Strongly singular convolution operators on the Heisenberg group

We consider the mapping properties of a model class of strongly singular integral operators on the Heisenberg group ; these are convolution operators on whose kernels are too singular at the origin to be of Calderón-Zygmund type. This strong singularity is compensated for by introducing a suitably large oscillation.

Our results are obtained by utilizing the group Fourier transform and uniform asymptotic forms for Laguerre functions due to Erdélyi.

     

Singular integral operators of near-product-type on the Heisenberg group

In this paper we establish Lp-boundedness (1<p<∞) for a class of singular convolution operators on the Heisenberg group whose kernels satisfy regularity and cancellation conditions adapted to the implicit (n+1)-parameter structure. The polyradial kernels of this type arose in [A.J. Fraser, An (n+1)-fold Marcinkiewicz multiplier theorem on the Heisenberg group, Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 63 (2001) 35-58; A.J. Fraser, Convolution kernels of (n+1)-fold Marcinkiewicz multipliers on the Heisenberg group, Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 64 (2001) 353-376] as the convolution kernels of (n+1)-fold Marcinkiewicz-type spectral multipliers m(L₁,…,Ln,iT) of the n-partial sub-Laplacians and the central derivative on the Heisenberg group. Thus they are in a natural way analogous to product-type Calderón-Zygmund convolution kernels on Rn. Here, as in [A.J. Fraser, An (n+1)-fold Marcinkiewicz multiplier theorem on the Heisenberg group, Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 63 (2001) 35-58; A.J. Fraser, Convolution kernels of (n+1)-fold Marcinkiewicz multipliers on the Heisenberg group, Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 64 (2001) 353-376], we extend to the (n+1)-parameter setting the methods and results of Müller, Ricci, and Stein in [D. Müller, F. Ricci, E.M. Stein, Marcinkiewicz multipliers and two-parameter structures on Heisenberg groups I, Invent. Math. 119 (1995) 199-233] for the two-parameter setting and multipliers m(L,iT) of the sub-Laplacian and the central derivative.     

Heisenberg群上四阶非线性次椭圆方程的可解性

§ 1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＷｅｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｔｈｅｆｏｕｒｔｈｏｒｄｅｒｓｅｍｉｌｉｎｅａｒｓｕｂｅｌｌｉｐｔｉｃｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｖａｌｕｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍΔ2 Ｈｕ +ｃΔＨｕ =ｆ( (ｚ ,ｔ) ,ｕ)　ｉｎＤ ,ｕ｜Ｄ =ΔＨｕ｜Ｄ =0 ,( 1 .1 )ｗｈｅｒｅＤｉｓａｂｏｕｎｄｅｄｏｐｅｎｓｕｂｓｅｔｏｆｔｈｅＨｅｉｓｅｎｂｅｒｇｇｒｏｕｐＨｎａｎｄΔＨｉｓｔｈｅｓｕｂｅｌｌｉｐｔｉｃＬａｐｌａ ｃｉａｎｏｎＨｎ.ＷｅｒｅｃａｌｌｔｈａｔＨｎｉｓｔｈｅＬｉｅｇｒｏｕｐｗｈｏｓｅｕｎｄｅｒｌｙｉｎｇｍａｎｉ…     

Fredholm property of a family of operators on the five-dimensional Heisenberg group

An expansion in Euclidean spherical harmonics on the ball in the Heisenberg group of dimension five decomposes the Dirichlet problem for the Laplacian in an infinite number of two-dimensional problems. Fundamental solutions are obtained for each of the partial differential operators in these problems, thus reducing them further (via layer potentials) to one-dimensional integral equations. The main result in this article states that the corresponding integral operators are Fredholm in appropriate weighted L² spaces.     

Sharp estimates for Hardy operators on Heisenberg group

In the setting of the Heisenberg group, based on the rotation method, we obtain the sharp (p, p) estimate for the Hardy operator. It will be shown that the norm of the Hardy operator on L^p(Hⁿ) is still p/(p−1). This goes some way to imply that the L^p norms of the Hardy operator are the same despite the domains are intervals on ℝ, balls in ℝⁿ, or ‘ellipsoids’ on the Heisenberg group Hⁿ. By constructing a special function, we find the best constant in the weak type (1,1) inequality for the Hardy operator. Using the translation approach, we establish the boundedness for the Hardy operator from H¹ to L¹. Moreover, we describe the difference between M^p weights and A^p weights and obtain the characterizations of such weights using the weighted Hardy inequalities.     

Grid approximations of the pseudospectral type with an improved condition number for second-order differential operators

Schemes that are free of the disadvantages of both the finite-difference and finite-element methods and retain the advantages of the saturation-free grid methods are proposed and investigated. The asymptotic behavior of their maximal N th eigenvalue is the same as the behavior of the N the eigenvalue of a differential operator, and it is not difficult to apply these discretizations to nonstationary problems. In contrast to polynomial pseudospectral approximations, the schemes of this paper, as well as of E. B. Karpilovskaya, “Convergence of the collocation method,” Sov. Math. Dokl.,4, No. 2, 1070–1073 (1963) and I. P. Gavrilyuk and L. D. Grekov, On Algorithms for the Realization of Grid Schemes without the Accuracy Staturation for Second-Order Ordinary Differential Equations [in Russian], Deposited at UkrNIINTI 16.08.1991, utilize uniform grids. Bibliography: 27 titles. Translated fromObchyslyuval'na ta Prykladna Matematyka, No. 78, 1994, pp. 1–27.     

Representations of differential operators on a Lie group

In this paper we apply the theory of second-order partial differential operators with nonnegative characteristic form to representations of Lie groups. We are concerned with a continuous representation U of a Lie group G in a Banach space $\text{B}$. Let $\text{E}$ be the enveloping algebra of G, and let dU be the infinitesimal homomorphism of $\text{E}$ into operators with the Gårding vectors as a common invariant domain. We study elements in $\text{E}$ of the form

$\text{P=}\text{∑}\text{1}\text{r}\text{X}{}^2{}_{\mathrm{j}}\text{|X}{}_0$

with the X_j,'s in the Lie algebra $\text{G}$.If the elements X₀, X₁,…, X_r generate $\text{G}$ as a Lie algebra then we show that the space of C^∞-vectors for U is precisely equal to the C^∞-vectors for the closure $\text{dU(P)}\text{,}\text{of}\text{dU(P)}$. This result is applied to obtain estimates for differential operators.The operator $\text{dU(P)}$ is the infinitesimal generator of a strongly continuous semigroup of operators in $\text{B}$. If X₀ = 0 we show that this semigroup can be analytically continued to complex time ζ with Re ζ > 0. The generalized heat kernels of these semigroups are computed. A space of rapidly decreasing functions on G is introduced in order to treat the heat kernels.For unitary representations we show essential self-adjointness of all operators $\text{dU(Σ}{}_1{}^{\mathrm{r}}\text{X}{}_{\mathrm{j}}{}^2\text{+ (?1)}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{X}{}_0$ with X₀ in the real linear span of the X_j's. An application to quantum field theory is given.Finally, the new characterization of the C^∞-vectors is applied to a construction of a counterexample to a conjecture on exponentiation of operator Lie algebras.Our results on semigroups of exponential growth, and on the space of C^∞ vectors for a group representation can be viewed as generalizations of various results due to Nelson-Stinespring [18], and Poulsen [19], who prove essential self-adjointness and a priori estimates, respectively, for the sum of the squares of elements in a basis for $\text{G}$ (the Laplace operator). The work of Hörmander [11] and Bony [3] on degenerate-elliptic (hypoelliptic) operators supplies the technical basis for this generalization. The important feature is that elliptic regularity is too crude a tool for controlling commutators. With the aid of the above-mentioned hypoellipticity results we are able to “control” the (finite dimensional) Lie algebra generated by a given set of differential operators.