Numerical and experimental investigations of the unsteady aerodynamics and aero-acoustics characteristics of a backward curved blade centrifugal fan

A numerical study of the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic behaviors of a backward curved blade centrifugal fan was conducted under two important flow conditions: BEP and 1.3 × BEP. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the complete unsteady flow field for the whole impeller-volute configuration were used to determine the aeroacoustic sources. To locate the unsteady flow and perturbations, the near field wall pressure fluctuations at different strategic points on the volute were computed using the URANS approach. Thus the intensities and positions of the aeroacoustic sources were identified by analyzing frequency spectra. The aeroacoustic sources caused by fluctuations in the interactions of the flows leaving the impeller and volute were close to the volute tongue, and the most effective noise sources related to the flow rate were near the impeller shrouds. In addition, the unsteady flow variables provided by CFD calculations were used as inputs in the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation to estimate the noise tones of the fan. The aeroacoustic calculation results showed that the volute noise was much larger than the blade noise, and the noise mainly propagated from the outlet duct of the fan. Moreover, to account for the noise propagation, three calculation methods were used by applying different solid boundaries. Compared with the other methods, the FEM method, which accounted for the complex solid boundaries, produced good agreement and showed that the complex solid boundaries cannot be neglected in aeroacoustic predictions. The calculation results showed good agreement with the experimental results.     

气液混输管线与立管系统严重段塞流数值研究

针对气液混输管线与立管系统严重段塞流问题, 采用严重段塞流形成条件一致的等效原则, 发展了一种将三维管道系统等效为二维管道系统的计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟方法. 以文献中某下倾管与立管组合系统为对象, 结合其实验工况, 对严重段塞流气液流动过程进行了数值模拟, 获得了其周期、压力波动幅值及喷发时间等关键参数的变化规律, 数值模拟与文献所述实验结果符合. 在此基础上, 建立了立管入口气液折算速度、立管含气率以及立管出口平均速度的理论模型, 获得了这些关键参数随时间的变化规律, 并给出了确定立管内气液流型变化的理论方法, 理论结果与CFD数值模拟结果一致. 建立的CFD方法大幅缩减了严重段塞流数值模拟所需的时间和资源, 推导的理论模型揭示了严重段塞流特性参数之间的关联, 可以对严重段塞流所引发的危害进行快速评估及预测,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

绕正方形排列的顺排的四个圆柱的流动研究

本文通过采用激光诱导荧关技术(LIF),对按正方形排列、边长间距比为4的顺排的四个圆柱的层流绕流进行了流动可视化研究;同时,在Re=200的情况下,对该流场进行了PIV流场测量,两种实验结果吻合良好,显示的都是只在下游圆柱的后面才有漩涡脱落。可是,采用两维有限体积法离散N-S方程计算该流场与实验结果完全不符合,原因尚不清楚。     

Nonlinear analysis of traffic jams in an anisotropic continuum model

This paper presents our study of the nonlinear stability of a new anisotropic continuum traffic flow model in which the dimensionless parameter or anisotropic factor controls the non-isotropic character and diffusive influence.In order to establish traffic flow stability criterion or to know the critical parameters that lead,on one hand,to a stable response to perturbations or disturbances or,on the other hand,to an unstable response and therefore to a possible congestion,a nonlinear stability criterion is derived by using a wavefront expansion technique.The stability criterion is illustrated by numerical results using the finite difference method for two different values of anisotropic parameter.It is also been observed that the newly derived stability results are consistent with previously reported results obtained using approximate linearisation methods.Moreover,the stability criterion derived in this paper can provide more refined information from the perspective of the capability to reproduce nonlinear traffic flow behaviors observed in real traffic than previously established methodologies.     

An algebraic variational multiscale–multigrid method for large-eddy simulation of turbulent variable-density flow at low Mach number

An algebraic variational multiscale–multigrid method is proposed for large-eddy simulation of turbulent variable-density flow at low Mach number. Scale-separating operators generated by level-transfer operators from plain aggregation algebraic multigrid methods enable the application of modeling terms to selected scale groups (here, the smaller of the resolved scales) in a purely algebraic way. Thus, for scale separation, no additional discretization besides the basic one is required, in contrast to earlier approaches based on geometric multigrid methods. The proposed method is thoroughly validated via three numerical test cases of increasing complexity: a Rayleigh–Taylor instability, turbulent channel flow with a heated and a cooled wall, and turbulent flow past a backward-facing step with heating. Results obtained with the algebraic variational multiscale–multigrid method are compared to results obtained with residual-based variational multiscale methods as well as reference results from direct numerical simulation, experiments and LES published elsewhere. Particularly, mean and various second-order velocity and temperature results obtained for turbulent channel flow with a heated and a cooled wall indicate the higher prediction quality achievable when adding a small-scale subgrid-viscosity term within the algebraic multigrid framework instead of residual-based terms accounting for the subgrid-scale part of the non-linear convective term.     

多排叶片内部流动以及叶片排与排气系统相互作用研究

本文采用高分辨率格式和多块多网格方法求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,数值模拟多排叶片内的三维粘性流动;使用数值激盘模拟叶片排的存在,研究叶片排与非轴对称排气部件之间的相互作用以及复杂的内部流动。文中描述了数值方法,给出了NASA透平导叶和单级透平内部流场的数值结果及其与相应实验结果的对比,也给出了多级透平内部流场的数值结果,以及透平与排气部件之间的耦合流场的结果。     

Spectral/hp least-squares finite element formulation for the Navier–Stokes equations

We consider the application of least-squares finite element models combined with spectral/hp methods for the numerical solution of viscous flow problems. The paper presents the formulation, validation, and application of a spectral/hp algorithm to the numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations governing two- and three-dimensional stationary incompressible and low-speed compressible flows. The Navier–Stokes equations are expressed as an equivalent set of first-order equations by introducing vorticity or velocity gradients as additional independent variables and the least-squares method is used to develop the finite element model. High-order element expansions are used to construct the discrete model. The discrete model thus obtained is linearized by Newton’s method, resulting in a linear system of equations with a symmetric positive definite coefficient matrix that is solved in a fully coupled manner by a preconditioned conjugate gradient method. Spectral convergence of the L₂ least-squares functional and L₂ error norms is verified using smooth solutions to the two-dimensional stationary Poisson and incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Numerical results for flow over a backward-facing step, steady flow past a circular cylinder, three-dimensional lid-driven cavity flow, and compressible buoyant flow inside a square enclosure are presented to demonstrate the predictive capability and robustness of the proposed formulation.     

绕水翼片状空化流动结构的数值与实验研究

采用数值与实验相结合的方法研究了水翼片状空化流动结构.实验采用高速录像技术观察了片状卒泡形态,应用LDV测量了翼型周围的湍动能和速度分布;采用N-S方程和基于空泡动力学方程的空化模型计算了绕水翼片状空化流场.结果表明:在片状空化阶段,翼型吸力面上附着很薄的一层透明空泡,空泡彤态呈现于指状;随着空化数的减少,空泡尾部水汽交界面相互作用增强,并且空泡尾部出现大的旋涡,影响了空泡尾部区域压力和速度分布,片状空泡尾部的水汽混合区出现不稳定现象,同时存在小的空泡团脱落.数值模拟得到的水翼片状空化流动现象和实验观察到的结果基本一致,验证了计算模型和数值方法的可靠性.     

轴流叶轮机械三维非定常粘性流动数值分析

１前言叶轮机内部流动的数值计算方法一般都是基于转子与静子结构相互无关的定常流动假设,这种假设实际上是认为转子叶排与静子叶排相距足够远,以至于相互之间互不干扰。事实上,叶轮机中的非定常性是其固有的,转子叶排与静子叶排相距很近,转子叶排的高速旋转、上游叶...     

Continuous Size Classification of Nanoparticles Utilizing Brownian Motion in Microchannel Size Exclusion Chromatography

This study presents a new method for classifying the sizes of colloidal nanoparticles of below 100 nm in diameter in liquid dispersion using a microchannel size exclusion chromatography (SEC) chip. This chip can classify polydisperse colloidal nanoparticles containing a mix of two monodisperse nanoparticles into several monodisperse particle populations. The particles classified by the SEC chip are then sequentially analyzed by a photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) method in combination with a flow cell. Two different pillar patterns of such SEC chips were used in experiments to investigate the effects of these patterns on the nanoparticle classification performance. The results obtained were compared with those from a numerical simulation. Standard polystyrene latex particles with diameters of 20 nm and 100 nm were used in this study. The usefulness of this methodology was verified since the simulation and measurement results were in good agreement with each other.     

几种典型流动条件对平板转捩过程影响的数值模拟

采用作者构造的k方程转捩湍流模型，数值模拟了较大跨度来流湍流度情况、不同来流湍流度时几种不同顺、逆压梯度存在情况、壁面存在不同热交换强度情况下平板的转捩流动过程．与实验结果对比表明，新模型具有较好地模拟转捩流动能力。     

液排渣粉煤旋风燃烧器内流场的数值模拟

本文采用数值计算的方法对液排渣粉煤旋风燃烧器内的流场进行了模拟。在研究中运用分散颗粒群模型建立了燃烧器内三维等温流场的数学模型。流场的计算采用了ＳＩＭＰＬＥ及其系列方法，其中湍流计算采用ｋ－ε模型。模型计算结果与实验结果基本吻合，证明了模型的可靠性。     

A symmetry-preserving discretisation and regularisation model for compressible flow with application to turbulent channel flow

Most simulation methods for compressible flow attain numerical stability at the cost of swamping the fine turbulent flow structures by artificial dissipation. This article demonstrates that numerical stability can also be attained by preserving conservation laws at the discrete level. A new mathematical explanation of conservation in compressible flow reveals that many conservation properties of convection are due to the skew-symmetry of the convection operator. By preserving this skew-symmetry at the discrete level, a fourth-order accurate collocated symmetry-preserving discretisation with excellent conservation properties is obtained. Also a new symmetry-preserving regularisation subgrid-scale model is proposed. The proposed techniques are assessed in simulations of compressible turbulent channel flow. The symmetry-preserving discretisation for compressible flow has good stability without artificial dissipation and yields acceptable results already on coarse grids. Regularisation does not consistently improve upon no-model results, but often compares favourably with eddy-viscosity models.     

部分射开压裂直井渗流压力动态分析

建立符合非均质油藏部分射开地层实际的物理模型和三维各向异性矩形油藏的不稳定渗流数学模型,考虑不渗透顶、底边界和定压顶、底边界等边界条件的组合,通过无因次量纲变换、拉普拉斯变换、傅里叶余弦变换和分离变量等方法,得到拉普拉斯域的解析解,利用斯蒂芬森数值反演方法,得出实数域的压力数值解.绘制压力动态曲线,并进行敏感性分析.计算结果与数值模拟基本吻合,证实方法的可靠性.敏感性分析表明:压力动态曲线可分为早期线性流、中期径向流、晚期球形流、边界控制流四个流动期.裂缝长度主要影响早期线性流,渗透率各向异性主要影响中期径向流,储层射开程度和裂缝方位主要影响晚期球形流,边界条件和油藏宽度主要影响边界控制流.该方法可以确定最优射开程度、垂向渗透率等参数,为油藏工程分析和压裂工艺设计提供指导.     

A new numerical solution for the MHD peristaltic flow of a bio-fluid with variable viscosity in a circular cylindrical tube via Adomian decomposition method

In this Letter, we considered a numerical treatment for the solution of the hydromagnetic peristaltic flow of a bio-fluid with variable viscosity in a circular cylindrical tube using Adomian decomposition method and a modified form of this method. The axial velocity is obtained in a closed form. Comparison is made between the results obtained by only three terms of Adomian series with those obtained previously by perturbation technique. It is observed that only few terms of the series expansion are required to obtain the numerical solution with good accuracy.     

带有涡流发生器的离心压气机内流动分析

本文采用数值计算方法对带有和不带有涡流发生器(Vortex Generator Jet,VGJ)的低速离心压气机叶轮内流动进行了数值模拟,分析了涡流发生器不同配置参数对压气机叶轮性能的影响,较为详细地揭示了叶轮内流动特性,数值计算结果证明了采用涡流发生器实现离心压气机叶轮内部流动控制的有效性.     

计算流体成像技术重构方法及其应用

建立系统的计算流体成像(CFI)技术,并论证其为流动数值模拟与风洞实验相互佐证的重要手段。采用纯数值模拟技术重构得到流场计算阴影、纹影以及干涉图,主要技术包括复杂湍流模拟技术、三线性插值技术和流动图像重构技术等。同时将CFI技术应用于激波管内绕障碍物三维复杂流动计算图像重构,并与双向全息实验结果进行了比较分析。研究证明该CFI技术可以用于复杂几何边界、分区域、非定常流动图像重构,不仅能够为流场结构特征分析提供重要参考依据,而且能够用于数值模拟与风洞实验结果的比较印证。     

高功率半导体激光器微通道热沉的方案设计

 对用于高功率半导体激光器的叠片式微通道热沉进行方案设计,利用计算流体力学和数值传热学对各种方案进行数值仿真,研究了微通道的特征尺寸和流量等因素对冷却效果和流动阻力特性的影响,一般情况下,减小微通道的特征尺寸和增加冷却水的流量可以降低传热热阻,但增加了流动压力损失;另外对金刚石热扩散片（次热沉）的效果也进行了数值计算,计算结果表明:金刚石热扩散片在该类型问题中降低温度作用明显。     

不同气流环境下激光辐照金属材料温升的数值模拟

研究了激光辐照金属材料过程中的氧化放热模型,采用有限元方法编制了计算程序,数值计算了激光辐照钢板在吹空气、吹氮气以及不吹气条件下温升的时空分布,分析了氧化放热量的大小。数值计算结果表明:吹氮气和不吹气条件下,钢板背表面温升的差异不大;在吹空气条件下,氧化放热量约占钢板中沉积能量的34.6%。数值计算结果与文献报道的实验结果符合得很好。     

一先进跨音速离心压气机叶轮内部粘性流动数值模拟

随着计算机和计算技术的发展，三元粘性数值计算被广泛地应用于叶轮机械内部流场分析，本文使用三元Ｎ－Ｓ方程对这一先进跨音速离心压气机叶轮内部流场进行数值模拟，一是对这一成功设计进行分析验证。二是使用数值方法进行内部流场细节的模拟掌握其内部粘性流动特点，为今后设计和改进高压比跨音速离心压气机提供经验。