Measurement of energy of medium-mass and heavy cosmic-ray nuclei by a specific energy deposition at the maximum of hadron showers in dense matter

The possibility of measuring the energy of cosmic-ray nuclei (for energies higher than 1 TeV) by means of recording the greatest specific energy deposition in hadron showers generated in dense matter is investigated. This method makes it possible to improve the accuracy of energy measurements by thin calorimeters in studying high-energy cosmic rays at high altitudes. Attainable accuracies in measuring energy are considered for the cases of light and heavy nuclei. The results of a relevant simulation are compared with data from the Kosmos-1713 satellite-borne experiment.     

根据激光单脉冲能量空间分布测量激光横模结构的方法

针对脉冲激光器,提出了一种根据激光单脉冲能量空间分布测量激光横模结构的方法,构造了相应算法,并通过理论和实验验证了该方法.通过对调Q二极管泵浦固体激光器的调Q过程进行数值模拟,计算出单脉冲能量空间分布曲线和各阶横模比例,同时根据单脉冲能量空间分布曲线上一些离散点计算出各阶横模比例,且与调Q过程数值模拟的直接计算结果相等.同时在实验中根据测量出的单脉冲能量相对值,计算出各阶横模比例,拟合出腔外不同距离处的单脉冲能量空间分布曲线.对腔外不同距离处单脉冲能量相对值和相应拟合曲线进行比较,发现测量值和拟合曲线吻合.     

利用三能级光谱技术研究^235U的高激发态,超精细结构

本文报道用两台连续激光级联共振的方法,测量了(255)~U的→16900→33625cm~(-1)跃迁的超精细光谱结构,给出了33625cm~(-1)能级的超精细结构常数A、B,从而给出一种测量难熔、有毒金属高激发态能级结构的简单且精确的方法.     

建筑节能镀膜玻璃热传递系数的研究

建筑节能镀膜玻璃的热传递系数ｋ是反映节能薄膜性能的重要指标，本文提出其热传递系数的计算和测量方法，并介绍部分测量结果，研究结果表明节能薄膜确能较大地降建筑物的能耗。     

“神龙一号”电子束时间分辨能谱测量新方案

介绍了"神龙一号"直线感应加速器电子束时间分辨能谱测量新方案——用螺线管磁场旋转束流法测量其出口电子束能谱,阐述了旋转束流法基本原理及测量方案设计,并且讨论了测量误差。此方案所测能谱为时间分辨离散型束流能谱,其误差与所测离散束流能谱相关。通过测量"神龙一号"加速器末端的电子束流在螺线管磁场中的旋转角度及角度展宽,从而得到脉冲电子束流能谱。     

太阳能帆板平面度测量系统中光斑图像处理方法研究

太阳能帆板的平面度测量是卫星生产制造过程中的一个关键技术，现有的测量方法存在着精度差，效率低的问题。该文在基于实际工程课题的太阳能帆板平面度测量系统基础上，针对测量系统中光斑图像处理这一关键技术进行了详细的研究。对现有测量方法进行了比较与分析，介绍了测量系统的基本原理、图像采集系统设计过程中采取的主要措施、图像处理的具体方法与步骤和测量系统的基本组成。提出了一种新的快速滤波算法和光斑图像能量中心求取算法，大大提高了光斑图像能量中心的求取精度和实时性，提高了太阳能帆板平面度的测量精度。给出了光斑图像处理结果、静态测量重复性误差以及实际帆板的测量结果与分析，实验结果证明所采用的光斑图像处理方法可以满足对实际帆板测量精度的要求。     

Energy of electrons emitted by the laser-heated surface of metals

A method is proposed for determining the energy of emitted electrons by the time of electrons flight between electrodes. This method is based on measuring the duration of the current pulse induced by electrons in the measuring circuit. The measured value of the electron energy ≈0.25 eV is the evidence of the thermal character of emission.     

Development of a Method for Measurement of Photonuclear-Reaction Cross Sections with the Aid of Simulated Quasimonoenergetic-Photon Spectra

A procedure for measuring photonuclear-reaction cross sections by employing the method of quasimonochromatization of the bremsstrahlung photon spectrum is developed. This procedure permits determining reaction cross sections via measuring the reaction yield at three fixed values of the electron energy. The procedure is equivalent to measuring the cross section in question for quasimonochromatic photons. Bremsstrahlung-photon spectra are obtained using state-of-the-art simulation means involving the GEANT4 code as applied to a specific experiment with allowance for its geometry, target thicknesses, electron-beam parameters, etc. The results obtained by simulating quasimonochromatic distributions of bremsstrahlung photons are presented for experiments at the LUE-8-5 linear electron accelerator of Institute for Nuclear Research (Moscow, Russian Academy of Sciences). These results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental energy distribution of the cross section for the reaction ¹¹¹Cd(γ, γ') in the energy range between 5 and 8 MeV.     

皮秒级时间分辨超快高能脉冲激光光谱

介绍了一种利用光电摄谱法和条纹管相结合测量ps级时间分辨超快高能脉冲激光光谱的方法。论述了条纹相机工作原理和平面衍射光栅的分光原理,分析指出利用介绍的装置,可以实现波长300 nm ～1 600 nm、脉宽＞2 ps超快高能脉冲激光的光谱测量。采用1 054 nm超快高能脉冲激光器,实验得到了条纹像,对条纹像进行数据处理后得到测量光谱曲线,通过能量标定后,得到了超快高能脉冲激光器实际光谱曲线,验证了ps级时间分辨超快高能脉冲激光光谱方法。讨论了系统中耦合透镜组对光谱测量和光纤色散角对条纹图像的影响,论述了ps级时间分辨超快高能脉冲激光光谱的作用。随着条纹管制造技术的飞速发展,该方法可用于fs级激光光谱的测量。     

用于高能X射线能谱测量的MLS法

为满足高能X射线能谱测量的需要,提出采用MLS法进行能谱测量的方案。MLS法克服了其他测量方法散射不易控制、光场不均匀性影响较大的缺点,还具有对不同角度能谱进行测量的优势。对MLS法的测量原理以及测量过程中的注意事项进行了明确,并利用蒙特卡罗方法针对一特定的X射线能谱设计了两种不同介质的测量装置,并将测量装置自身散射的影响控制在5%以内。     

Analysis of depth profiles of hydrogen isotopes in structural materials via reflected electron spectroscopy

Methods for measuring the layer-by-layer profiles of hydrogen in structural materials based on interpretation of the energy spectra of electrons reflected within a given spatial angle are discussed. Elastically reflected spectroscopy makes it possible to determine the hydrogen isotope content, but its implementation requires an energy resolution on the order of 1 eV. In the experimental implementation of the method based on analysis of the domelike part of the spectrum of reflected electrons, the required energy resolution of an analyzer is about 1%. Such a level of resolution makes it possible to measure the spectrum for several seconds. The possibilities of this method are illustrated with the use of hydrocarbon coatings.     

聚焦区域高声强声场分布的测量方法研究

常用的声场分布测量是采用水听器扫描声场的方法,该方法对于声能量密度较大的声场难以测量,因为在这种情况下声振幅比较大,水听器在这种声场中呈现非线性或遭到破坏。设计了一种用辐射压力测量高声强声场分布的方法,该方法利用一根微细管,直接测量声场的冲流压力,通过对声场进行扫描测量可以得到高声强声场压力分布。从理论上分析了这种测量方法的可行性,对测量基本要求及实验装置做了阐述。实验结果证实:该方法可以用来测量高声能密度声场压力分布;测量结果与水听器测量结果基本吻合;测量方法存在测量盲区。     

Simple technique for measurement of energy spectra of ions from laser produced plasma

Old absorption technique is revived for measuring the energy spectra of ions arising from laser generated plasma. The technique suggested relies on implantation of produced ions into a light element target situated close to the ion production site. Then the ion energy spectra are reconstructed from the depth profile of the implanted ions measured by some of the common depth profiling techniques such as RBS or SIMS. Theoretical range vs. ion energy relations are used for this purpose. In this study the principles of the method are explained and its capabilities are assessed. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated on the energy spectra of Ta ions arising from the laser generated plasma.     

利用薄膜量热计测量高功率Z箍缩软X射线总能量

 介绍一种采用脉冲恒压电源驱动的镍薄膜量热计，研制了测量系统和镍薄膜探测器，对探测器的电阻 温度特性进行了实验标定，该量热计已成功应用于测量“强光一号”加速器高功率Z箍缩等离子体软X射线总能量，分析了测量不确定度。     

测定材料逸出功的一种新方法

本文报道了一种测定材料逸出功的新方法,二次电子发射-接触电位差法(简称SEE-CPD法)。用该法对Ni,Al,Au和Mo四种纯金属的逸出功进行了测量,并与Fowler等温法和Kelvin的接触电位差法比较,结果是一致的。表明SEE-CPD法在理论上是正确的,在实际应用中也是成功的。 关键词：     

复杂红外系统透过率的测试方法

针对复杂红外系统透过率难以测试的问题，本文提出回反射法测试的结构方案，并进行系统能量传递计算及精度分析，该系统也适用于可见光系统的透过率测试。     

Method for registration of solar cosmic rays by detecting neutrons

We consider a method of detecting the ionizing component of solar cosmic rays (SCRs) with energy from tens of MeV to tens of GeV by measuring the energy loss of SCR protons and light nuclei in scintillators and the multiplicity of the local neutron generation in a converter. Scintillation detectors based on stilbene, lithium glass, and solid-state photomultiplier tubes are capable of detecting fast neutrons with a temporal resolution of 10 ns and rejecting the gamma-ray background in the measuring system. The method will allow investigating the nucleon components of primary SCRs in circumterrestrial space.     

移位相加法日间探测低信噪比恒星

为实现白天红外光电测量系统对低信噪比恒星的质心及能量高精度计算,本文给出一种高效的方法。首先,分析了红外光学系统白天恒星的成像特征。其次,先对采集的图像序列进行预处理操作得到预处理图像。接着对预处理图像序列执行叠加求均值和下采样操作得到下采样图像。在下采样图像中以亮度为特征求取恒星的疑似位置后,在预处理图像序列上建立与疑似位置相对应的目标区域,在目标区域内顺序求取质心序列。对目标区域的图像序列以质心偏移为基础进行移位相加后获取目标图像。在目标图像上以信噪比为判据完成恒星提取,以及质心和能量的计算。再次,分析指出此方法能增强目标信噪比的原理,并给出其适用范围以及相关参数的确定方法。最后通过实验表明,采用移位相加法可增强目标的信噪比,并提高提取正确率;且对于SNR不大于4.8的恒星可将其质心和能量计算精度平均提高0.06 pixel和28.5%。移位相加法对低信噪比的恒星可较为精确地计算其质心和能量。     

光学共振方法测量离子能量

本文描述测量离子能量的光学共振方法,这种方法利用多普勒效应把离子能量与离子的光学共振激发联系起来,可应用在leV—100MeV能区,在30keV附近,它的测量准确度可望达到5×10^-5,用这种方法测量了¹⁴²Nd⁺离子能量,获得了较好的结果。 关键词：     

Calibrating the HXMT collimators using diffuse illumination

We propose a new method to calibrate the HXMT collimators by measuring the optical point spread function (PSF) of the hard X-ray modulation telescope (HXMT). The light transmission of the collimator at different viewing angles with a camera and a diffuse backlight placed behind the collimator is measured. This method is much easier to accomplish than measuring the PSF with a parallel optical beam. The experimental results are very consistent with the simulations. The PSF of the collimator of the high energy X-ray telescope on HXMT is found to be in good agreement with the design, with accuracy better than 1 arcmin.