铌硫簇离子的激光生成及其类芳香性本质初探

在自制的仪器上,进行了铌与硫的激光等离子体反应并记录了通过反应生成的正负离子的质谱。在反应生成的Nb_nS_m~+(n=1—6)中凡满足n<4,m=n+1;4≤n≤5,m=n+2;n=6,m=n+4的正离子均显示出相当突出的信号强度,其中的簇离子可能具有同[Mo_3S_4]~(4+)中的Mo_3S_3簇环相类似的类芳香性。在负离子质谱中也能观察到类似系列的Nb_nS_m~-,只是它们中的硫原子数均比相应的正离子多了4个,因而基本上实现了配位饱和。     

两个具有[Mo_3M′S_4]~(5+)(M′=Mo,W)簇芯的原子簇化合物的合成和晶体结构

以MO_3S_4(dtp)_4 H_2O和M′(CO)_6(M′=Mo,W)为起始物在核酸介质下通过[3+1]模式合成,分别得到一个同核和一个异核四核簇[Mo_4S_4(μ-C_2H_5CO_2)_2(dtP)_3]4和[Mo_3WS_4(μ-CH_3CO_2)_2(dtpH)(dtp)_3]5[dtp=(EtO)_2PS~-_2;dtpH=(EtO)_2P(S)(SH)] 两个簇合物以单晶X射线分析和IR谱学进行结构表征,它们均具有[M_4S_4]~(5+)类立方烷簇芯     

[Fe4S4Cl4—n（S2CNEt2）n]^2—（n=0,1,2,4）：原子簇的电子结构研究

用CNDO/2(s,p,d)方法研究了类立方烷系列Fe-S簇合物[Fe_4S_4Cl_4(?)(S_2CNEt_2)_n]~(2-)(n=0,1,2,4)的电子结构。得出[S_2CN(Et)_2]-螯合配位Fe_4S_4~(2+)簇合物中存在两类不同价态铁原子的结论;骨架Fe_4S_4~(2+)中μ_3-S电子是非定域化的,同Mssbauer谱测定结果一致。讨论了簇合物Fe—Fe之间的成键作用、螫合配体的作用和氧化还原性质。     

MoFe_3S_4(S_2CNC_4H_8)_5和WFe_3S_4(S_2CNC_4H_8)_5单立方烷簇合物的快原子轰击质谱研究

本文报道了标题簇合物的快原子轰击质谱(FAB—MS)研究,提出了标题簇合物质谱的可能断裂途径及其结构相关性。指出标题簇合物的FAB—MS与电子轰击谱(EI—MS)所表现的两种迥然不同的断裂模式。观察到单立方烷缺一个顶点和缺二个顶点的碎片离子如[WFe_2S_3(S_2CNC_4H_8)_2]~+、(MoFe_2S_3(S_2CNC_4H_8)_3]~+和[WFeS_3(S_2CNC_4H_8)_3]~+、[MoFe_3S_3(S_2CNC_4H_8)_2]~+等,而后者的簇芯(MoFe_3S_3)结构具有缺口的立方烷状构型特点,是目前合成工作者期待合成但尚未合成出的一种固氮模型物。     

四核钼簇合物的配体取代反应及产物Mo_4S_4(μ-OAc)_2(dtp)_4的晶体结构

标题化合物(Ⅰ)经由Mo_4S_4(μ-dtp)_4(Ⅱ)[dtp=S_2P(OEt)_2]和Ni(OAc)_2反应而得。(Ⅰ)晶体属单斜晶系,空间群P2/c,a=13.176(4),b=11.699(3),c=18.526(4)(?),β=116.11(3)°,V=2564(3)(?)~3,Z=2,D_c=1.776g·cm~(-3)。晶体结构由直接法解出,最终偏离因子R=0.085。本文结果表明,可由已知的四核钼簇合物经过配体置换反应,合成得到其簇骼中心[Mo_4S_4]保持不变并具有-OAc作为桥式配体和-dtp作为端基配体的混合配体类立方烷[Mo_4S_4]簇合物。     

一个双三核钼簇合物的合成、结构及其簇间相互作用

报道了一个新的双三核钼簇合物{Mo_3S_2P[＆P(OC_2H_5)_2]_3}{Mo_3S_4[S_2P(OC_2H_5)_2]_4(SCN)}的合成方法和晶体结构.结构分析和对整个簇合物的量子化学计算结果表明,属于不同结构类型的两个三核钼簇单元,虽然保留了显著的离子特征,但它们通过几对桥S原子间较强的相互作用形成双三核钼标题簇合物.还对[Mo_3]簇核电子数和三核钼簇合物稳定性之间的关系进行了初步讨论.     

过渡金属类立方烷型簇合物合成中的“活性元件组装”设想

本文讨论了Roussin黑盐的形成机理和“G”系模型物结构及其固氮活性成因的化学和量子化学研究结果。并由此提出了过渡金属类立方烷型簇合物合成中的“活性元件组装”设想;即过渡金属原子簇,特别是含μ2和μ3桥的类立方烷簇,可能由构成该原子簇的基本结构“元件”在一定活化条件下组装而成。考察了现有的Fe-S,Mo-S,Mo-Fe-S以及一些M-M′-X构型相类似的类立方烷簇合物,如[Fe_4S_4(SR)_4]~(2-),[MoFe_3S_4(SR)_n]~(m-),[VFe_3S_4Cl_3(DMF)3]单类立方烷簇,[Mo_2Fe_6S_9(SR)_8]~(8-),[Mo_2Fe_6S_8(SR)_9]~(3-),[Mo_2Fe_7S_8(SR)_(12)]~(3-,4-)桥联双立方烷簇以及(MeZn)_6Zn(OMe)_8孪合双立方烷簇的自兜合成反应,发现尽管它们似乎都是由简单的无机盐和有机配体“自兜”而成,然而它们都不能不经过某些“元件组装”的过程。提出了它们的可能的“元件组装”途径。此外还讨论了“元件组装在其他合成Mo、Fe、S类立方烷簇的反应中的存在。最后还进一步探讨了其他类型簇合物合成反应情况,表明“元件组装”设想是可能推广到类立方烷型簇以外的其他一些原子簇的合成的。     

多中心d-pπ键与高氧化态钼簇合物的几何构型——(Ⅰ)“碎片结构”模型及分子轨道研究

本文通过对不同构型的二核钼簇合物簇胳结构的分子轨道计算,揭示了Mo—B(T)原子间的多中心d-p π键与该结构的稳定性及结构参数α、θ和R之间的内在联系,提出了2～6核高氧化态钼簇合物的簇胳由“碎片结构”组合而成的设想,该模型对以μ_2-S_2为桥的三核钼簇合物中的“共面—异面”规则和簇胳为[Mo_4S_3O]~(6+)的钼簇中的反常Mo—Mo键距给出合理解释,确认了桥原子对Mo—Mo键长和键强的决定作用。     

钼簇合物的簇解反应和两个多钼酸盐化合物的晶体结构

含μ-Cl桥的三核钼簇阴离子[Mo~3(μ~3-O)(μ-Cl)~3(μ-OAc)~3Cl~3]^-在Fe^3^+作用下发生簇解反应, 形成钼同多酸盐[FeCl(DMF)~5][Mo~6O~1~9]。在合成[Mo~3(μ~3-S)(μ-S~2)~3(dtp)~3Cl]簇合物的反应中如果有CuI存在, 则形成钼磷杂多酸盐(Et~4N)~4[PMo~1~2O~4~0](DMF)~2。本文报道这两个多钼酸盐化合物的晶体结构, 并讨论有关的簇解反应。     

双核簇合物M~2S~2(μ-S)~2(dtp)~2(M=Mo, W)的电子结构及元件组装活性的abinitio研究

本文对双核簇合物M_2S_2(μ-S)_2(dtp)_2(M=Mo,W)及其簇芯碎片M_2S_4~(2+)进行了相对论赝势从头算和Boys定域化分子轨道计算,根据所计算的正则分子轨道(CMO)和定域分子轨道(LMO)以及Mulliken布居分析,探讨了作为簇元元件的M_2S_4(dtp)_2的成键性质和电子结构,利用广义微扰理论,定性分析了M_2S_4~(2+)型簇合物的元件组装活性位和活性区,研究了它们发生[2+1]=3和[2+2]=4型元件组装的成簇机理.     

铁硫二元团簇的产生及其紫外光解

用激光蒸发固体样品的方法产生了各种铁硫原子簇离子Fe_nS_m~+(n=1—13, m=1—13), 并且用串级飞行时间质谱仪研究了这些团簇离子的紫外激光解离规律. 实验发现, 所有组成为m=n, m=n-1与m=n+5的离子均具有较大的丰度, 表明它们具有较好的稳定性. 各种Fe_nS_m~+离子的紫外光解结果显示出, 当n<n)离子的结构为在Fe_nS_n~+核心外围再键合上其他的S原子.     

Formation and Photodissociation of Transition Metal-Sulfur Binary Cluster Ions

Transition metal-sulfur binary cluster ions were produced by direct laser ablation and analyzed with the first stage time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). It was found that the distribution of the strong peaks of the stable cluster ions in the TOF-MS were not appreciably affected by the composition of the sample. The composition of the most stable metal-sulfur cluster ions, M_nS_m are different for various transition metals: Cu, n = 2m + I and n = 2m; Zn, m = n; Mn, m = n; Fe, m = n, m = n ?1 and m = n ? 2; Co, m = n ? 1, m = n ? 2, m = n ? 3, m = n ? 4 and m = n ? 5; Cr, m = n and m = n + 1; Ta, m = n + 1 and m = n + 2. Cluster ions can be selected by a mass gate, and photolyzed by an excimer laser. The photodissociation product ions were analyzed with the second stage TOF-MS. These product ions were mainly the more stable cluster ions as those given in the first stage TOF-MS.     

激光产生的碳原子簇负离子及其质谱研究

自80年代中叶以来,Bloomfield等人以脉冲激光结合超声分子束的方式产生碳原子簇,尤其在Smalley等发现被认为具有足球形超稳定结构的C_(60)以来,碳原子簇的激光产生与研究已经吸引了越来越多的化学家的兴趣.然而迄今为止,研究的手段仍以质谱为主,而且多     

Formation of metal complex ions from amino acid in the presence of Li+, Na+ and K+ by electrospray ionization: metal replacement of hydrogen in the ligands

Alkali metal cations easily form complexes with proteins in biological systems; understanding amino acid clusters with these cations can provide useful insight into their behaviors at the molecular level including diagnosis and therapy of related diseases. For the purpose of characterization of basic interaction between amino acids and alkali metal, each of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids were ionized in the presence of lithium, sodium and potassium cations by electrospray ionization, and the resulting product ions were analyzed. We focus our attention on the gas phase alkali metal ion-proton exchanged complexes in current study, specifically complexes with serine, threonine, asparagine and glutamine, which share characteristic pattern unlike other amino acids. All amino acids generated [M + H](+) and [M + Na](+) ions, where M stands for the neutral amino acid. Serine, threonine, asparagine and glutamine generated cluster ions of [nM - nH + (n + 1)Na](+) and [nM - (n - 1)H + (n - 1)Na + K](+) , where n = 1-7. While the (M - H + Li) and (M - H + K) species were not observed, the neutral (M - H + Na) species formed by proton-sodium cation exchange had a highly stable cyclic structure with ketone and amine ligand sites, suggesting that (M - H + Na) serves as a building block in cluster ion formation. Cluster ion intensity distributions of [nM - nH + (n + 1)Na](+) and [nM - (n - 1)H + (n - 1)Na + K](+) showed a magic number at n = 3 and 4, respectively. Extensive B3LYP-DFT quantum mechanical calculations were carried out to elucidate the geometry and energy of the cluster ions, and they provided a reasonable explanation for the stability and structure of the cluster ions.     

钪-硫团簇的形成和光解

报道了用激光直接溅射法产生钪硫团簇, 并用串级飞行时间质谱仪研究了所产生的团簇离子的分布及紫外激光光解规律。钪硫二元团簇正负离子都是由周边硫原子包围团簇骨架而构成的, 骨架是由包含着不同数目的Sc2S3这样的组份单元组成, 它们结合紧密, 构成了稳定的钒硫团簇的核心。稳定的团簇正离子为ScS(Sc2S3)n^+和Sc2S2(Sc2S3)n^+。稳定的团簇负离子为ScS2(Sc2S3)n^-,S3(Sc2S3)n^-, (Sc2S3)n^-。周边硫原子数目随样品中硫的摩尔含量的增加而增多, 它们结合较弱, 易于剥离。在紫外光解时往往以失去S2, S4, S6的方式解离。通过分析认为具有组份单元的Sc对于S团簇的结构可能是一种笼状结构。     

钽硫原子簇的形成及激光裂解的初步研究

报导用激光直接溅射的方法产生了大量的钽硫原子团簇离子Ta_nS_m~+(n≤9, m≤30),并用串级飞行时间质谱仪研究了所产生团簇离子的组成及紫外激光裂解规律。实验发现, 最稳定的团簇正离子往往具有Ta_nS_(2n+7)~+(n=1,2,…9)的组成, 相应的负离子具有, Ta_nS_(2n+3)~-(n=1,2,…9)的组成。各种团簇正离子的激光裂解的主要通道是连续的S_2消除过程, 且对于n=3,4,5的团簇, 主要光解产物还有Ta_3S_4~+或Ta_4S_6~+离子。据此推测出Ta_nS_m~+团簇离子的可能结构为在Ta原子周围有6个左右的S原子配位。Ta原子之间不存在直接的化学键,而较大团簇可能是以Ta_3S_4或Ta_4S_6为核心的结构。     

Field desorption mass spectrometry of quaternary ammonium salts: Cluster ion formation

The field desorption mass spectra of salts such as quaternary ammonium and carbenium salts with organic cations in addition to high cation intensities show signals for cluster ions composed of the salt cation + salt molecule, i.e. [C + nM]⁺, n = 1–5, thus allowing determination of the molecular weights of salts. In some cases cluster ions of the type [nM – 1]⁺ are detected. Conditions for the formation of cluster ions are discussed.     

铝硫二元团簇的组分及其光解规律

硫与金属元素所形成的二元团簇具有很多重要的特性,已受到人们的普遍重视.用激光-串级飞行时间质谱仪,我们曾研究了硫与过渡金属钽、铁等的二元团簇.最近我们选取主族金属元素铝,研究了铝硫团簇的形成及其光解,实验结果表明,与钽硫或铁硫团簇相比,铝硫团簇无论在其组份构成还是在其光解方面,都表现出鲜明的特有规律性.实验的主要参数如下:溅射用激光为Nd:YAG 二倍频,其输出强度控制在约10~7W·cm~(-2),激光的重复频率10Hz 样品位于激光束的焦点附近,由焦距f=50cm 的透镜调整其聚焦状     

Gas-phase ion-molecule reactions of metal-carbide cations MCn+ (M=Y and La; n=2, 4, and 6) with benzene and cyclohexane investigated by FTICR mass spectrometry and DFT calculations

Yttrium- and lanthanum-carbide cluster cations YC(n)(+) and LaC(n)(+) (n = 2, 4, and 6) are generated by laser ablation of carbonaceous material containing Y(2)O(3) or La(2)O(3). YC(2)(+), YC(4)(+), LaC(2)(+), LaC(4)(+), and LaC(6)(+) are selected to undergo gas-phase ion-molecule reactions with benzene and cyclohexane. The FTICR mass spectrometry study shows that the reactions of YC(2)(+) and LaC(2)(+) with benzene produce three main series of cluster ions. They are in the form of M(C(6)H(4))(C(6)H(6))(n)(+), M(C(8)H(4))(C(6)H(6))(n)(+), and M(C(8)H(6))(C(6)H(6))(m)(+) (M = Y and La; n = 0-3; m = 0-2). For YC(4)(+), LaC(4)(+), and LaC(6)(+), benzene addition products in the form of MC(n)(C(6)H(6))(m)(+) (M = Y and La; n = 4, 6; m = 1, 2) are observed. In the reaction with cyclohexane, all the metal-carbide cluster ions are observed to form metal-benzene complexes M(C(6)H(6))(n)(+) (M = Y and La; n= 1-3). Collision-induced-dissociation experiments were performed on the major reaction product ions, and the different levels of energy required for the fragmentation suggest that both covalent bonding and weak electrostatic interaction exist in these organometallic complexes. Several major product ions were calculated using DFT theory, and their ground-state geometries and energies were obtained.