磷钨酸均相光催化还原降解水中偶氮染料酸性大红3R

以磷钨酸(H3PW12O4记为PW12)作为光催化剂,在异丙醇作为电子给体的条件下对偶氮染料酸性大红3R（记为AR3R）进行光催化均相还原脱色研究。循环伏安法、暗反应、O2竞争抑制等实验表明杂多蓝（PW12O404-）对AR3R 具有明显的还原脱色作用。实验研究了催化剂PW12用量、异丙醇浓度、染料浓度、盐浓度对PW12/异丙醇光催化还原降解酸性大红3R的影响。结果表明：AR3R的光催化脱色速率随催化剂PW12、异丙醇浓度的增加而增加,最后趋于恒定;随染料初始浓度增加,初始光解速率增大,且符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程;随盐浓度增加,染料脱色速率减小,表现为负的盐效应。由此推测AR3R与光反应生成的杂多蓝预先进行复合,然后发生电子转移引起偶氮染料还原脱色,杂多蓝氧化复原。本研究结果表明磷钨酸/异丙醇/UV绿色光催化还原体系能够有效用于偶氮染料废水的还原脱色处理。     

光/电/化学催化降解水中酸性大红3R染料的研究

以高纯石墨电极、TiO₂/Ti薄膜电极和甘汞电极, 分别为阴极、阳极和参比电极, 设计研制出了新型光-电-化学催化集成反应器. 在紫外光和外加电场的作用下, 不仅TiO₂/Ti薄膜电极能对阳极槽中的酸性大红3R进行光电催化降解脱色, 且在阴极上产生的过氧化氢及其与亚铁离子形成的H2O₂/Fe²⁺催化体系, 对阴极槽中的染料溶液也有良好的脱色降解作用. 该催化集成反应器充分利用了光生空穴和光生电子, 实现了在阳、阴两极同时对染料进行降解脱色处理, 达到了“双极双效”的目的. 实验表明, 当用0.02 mol·L^−1硫酸钠为支持电解质、初始pH = 3和阴极电位−E_c = 0.66V的条件下, 阴极槽和阳极槽对30 mg·L^−1酸性大红3R溶液的脱色降解率分别达到92%和60%, 与双极单效的光电催化相比, 效率显著提高.     

方波伏安法测定孔雀石绿上染率

采用循环伏安法和方波伏安法研究了阳离子染料孔雀石绿(MG)在H2SO4底液(pH 1.0)中的电化学行为.在0.1 V/s的扫描速率下,MG在碳糊电极上显示一个不可逆氧化峰:0.82 V(Pa,2);一对准可逆氧化还原峰:0.51 V(Pa,1)、0.48 V(Pc)(Ep vs.SCE).在0.05～0.9 V/s的扫速范围内,3个峰的峰电流与扫速的平方根都成正比,表明MG的电氧化还原过程均受扩散控制.计时库仑法测得MG的扩散系数为2.31×10-7cm2/s,表面覆盖度是1.18×10-11mol/cm2.还原峰Pc的峰电流与MG的浓度在8.00×10-6～1.00×10-4 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为6.6 μmol/L(S/N=3),染色工艺中常用的匀染剂"平平加O"和MG染色体系中常见的无机离子不干扰测定.本方法用于测定MG上染腈纶的上染率,结果与分光光度法一致.     

GRS大红和弱酸红R混合液的光催化降解模拟研究

近年来,利用半导体材料处理印染废水的光催化氧化技术研究日益受到重视.该技术与传统的污水处理方法相比,具有高效、稳定、无二次污染以及对各类有机污染物(包括难生物降解的有毒污染物)可深度、彻底氧化等突出优点[1-2].目前对该技术研究的关注焦点放在高催化活性的光催化剂的研制上,但近年已有人开始利用已有催化剂如TiO2对印染废水进行光催化降解模拟研究,分析确定降解影响因素,并研究降解条件的优化,从而为该技术的应用奠定基础[3-5].     

乙炔黑修饰电极上吡虫啉的电化学行为及测定

制备了乙炔黑修饰电极(AB/GCE),并用循环伏安法(CV)研究了吡虫啉(IDP)在该修饰电极上的循环伏安行为。在pH 9.0的NH3.H2O-NH4Cl缓冲液中,IDP在该电极上出现一不可逆的还原峰。在20～240mV/s扫速范围内,其还原峰电流(Ipc)与扫速平方根(v1/2)呈线性关系,表明该电极过程受扩散控制。计算了电极过程的部分动力学参数:电极有效面积为0.0635cm2,转移电子数为2,扩散系数为3.793×10-3cm2/s。运用方波伏安法测定不同浓度IDP的方波伏安曲线,还原峰电流Ipc与IDP浓度在7.0×10-7～8.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.9975),检出限为2.29×10-7mol/L,加标回收率为93.5%～105.3%。     

酸性红73多克隆抗体的制备及其应用

在酸性红73分子的羟基上引入一个带有羧基的“间隔臂”,采用N-羟基琥珀亚胺活性酯法将酸性红73分别与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、卵清蛋白(OA)偶联,合成免疫原和包被原,经免疫新西兰白兔获得多克隆抗体,所得抗体最大效价可达2.56×105,建立了酸性红73的间接竞争ELISA检测方法.本方法的半数抑制浓度(IC50)为181.2 μg/L,检出限(LOD)为7.9 μg/L.交叉反应实验表明,除苏丹红3号(1.13％)外,抗AR73抗体与其它竞争物均无交叉反应.在虾仁中的空白添加回收率为63.5％～90.7％,RSD＜6.8％.说明本方法可用于虾仁中酸性红73的残留检测.     

铋膜修饰电极测定蕃茄制品中苏丹红Ⅰ

采用预镀法将Bi 3+还原成金属铋固定在玻碳电极表面,制成稳定的铋膜修饰玻碳电极(BFE),利用循环伏安法(CV)、方波伏安法(SWV)研究了苏丹红Ⅰ在该电极上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,在pH=2.0的B-R缓冲溶液、乙醇溶液中,苏丹红Ⅰ在-380mV附近产生一灵敏的还原峰,在优化的实验条件下,苏丹红Ⅰ的峰电流iP与其浓度在1.0×10-7～1.6×10-5 mol/L范围内有良好的线性关系,R=0.9987,检出限为3.3×10-8 mol/L。铋膜电极无毒、无污染,灵敏度高,为检测苏丹红Ⅰ提供了一种安全有效的新方法。     

抗菌素痢菌净的电化学分析

采用循环伏安法(CV)、差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)和方波伏安法(SWV)在玻碳电极(GCE)上对痢菌净进行了电化学研究.实验表明:在pH=6.6的B-R缓冲底液中,痢菌净在-0.85伏左右有一个明显的可逆氧化还原峰,考察了不同底液及pH值、扫描速度、富集时间和静止时间的影响.DPV法其线性范围为2.0×10-6mol/L～2.0×10-3mol/L,检出限为5.0×10-8 mol/L;SWV法其线性范围为2.0×10-6 mol/L～1.0×10-3 mol/L,检出限为2.0×10-8 mol/L.并对痢菌净的电极反应机理进行了初步探讨,该方法操作简单、灵敏,可用于实际药品测定.     

酵母核糖核酸与中性红相互作用及电化学检测

采用循环伏安法对酵母核糖核酸与中性红的相互作用进行了研究。NR在玻碳电极上有一对氧化还原峰,加入yRNA后,氧化还原峰电流降低,但没有新的氧化还原峰出现,表明NR与yRNA发生了较强的相互作用,紫外光谱进一步证实该作用方式为静电作用。求得NR与yRNA的结合比为1∶2,建立了一种间接检测酵母核糖核酸的电化学方法,检测范围为5.0×10-3~0.25 g/L,检出限达1.0×10-5g/L。     

测定人血清白蛋白的电化学研究及分析应用

以电化学方法研究了pH 3.2的Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中变色酸2R与蛋白质的相互作用。变色酸2R在-0.43 V(vs.SCE)有1个良好的极谱还原峰,加入人血清白蛋白(HSA)后,其峰电位不变而峰电流下降。峰电流的下降值同HSA的浓度在(1.5~30.0)×10-8moL/L范围内呈线性关系,其线性方程为ΔIp″(nA)=-338.38+191.9c(moL.L-1),r=0.997。应用于实际人血清样品的测定,结果与经典的考马斯亮蓝G_250光度法一致。由实验结果求得人血清白蛋白和变色酸2R的结合比为1∶3,结合常数K为1.55×105。     

Studies on photo-electro-chemical catalytic degradation of acid scarlet 3R dye

The photocatalytic oxidation of poisonous or nonbiodegradable organic pollutants in wastewater has been the focus of numerous environmental investiga- tions in recent years. Selecting excellent-performance photocatalytic material is very important in thes…     

Interaction of brilliant red X-3B with bovine serum albumin and application to protein assay

The interaction of brilliant red X-3B (BRX) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in three pH media has been characterized by the spectral correction technique. The binding number maximum of BRX was determined to be 102 at pH 2.03, 82 at pH 3.25 and 38 at pH 4.35 and the binding mechanism was analyzed in detail. The effects of ionic strength from 0 to 1 mol L⁻¹ and temperature from 20 to 70 °C on the binding were investigated. The results showed that the interaction of BRX with BSA responded to the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model and the binding constant was determined. From the correlation between the binding number and the number of basic amino acid residues, the ion-pair attraction induced the union of non-covalent bonds including H-bond, van der Waals force and hydrophobic bond and the binding model was illustrated. The binding of BRX to BSA has resulted in change of the BSA conformation confirmed by means of circular dichroism. Using this interaction at pH 2.03, a sensitive method named the absorbance ratio difference spectrometry was established and applied to the protein assay and the limit of detection of protein was only 6 μg L⁻¹. Two samples were determined and the results were in agreement with those obtained by the classical coomassie brilliant blue colorimetry.     

Polarography and artificial neural network for the simultaneous determination of nalidixic acid and its main metabolite (7-hydroxymethylnalidixic acid)

Nalidixic acid (NA) and its main metabolite, 7-hydroxymethylnalidixic acid (OH-NA), are simultaneously determined by applying artificial neural networks (ANNs), to their square wave voltammetric signals. The scores of a PCR model, built with the voltammetric data of a set of standard samples, recorded between −0.70 and −1.0 V, are used as training set for the net for each compound. The trained nets (ANNs) are used for the simultaneous determination of NA and OH-NA in urine. The recovery values are comprised between 91 and 109% for NA and between 82 and 112% for OH-NA, being these results better than the results obtained by application of partial least squares (PLS) multivariate calibration.     

High Sensitive Voltammetric Gentamicin Sensor using Poly (3-thiophenecarboxylic acid-co-3-methylthiophene) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

For the determination of gentamicin in biomedical applications, sensitive, fast and low cost voltammetric sensor has been developed. Prepared sensor was successfully used for determination of gentamicine in synthetic urine samples with different voltammetric measurement methods. Firstly, glassy carbon electrode was modified using cyclic voltammetry technique by electropolymerization of 3-thiophenecarboxylic acid and 3-methylthiophene. Then, optimization of the electrochemical parameters was carried out for modified electrode. With this modified electrode, gentamicin determination was performed in the linear range of 0.05–4.00 mM. The correlation coefficient, limit of detection and limit of quantitation were calculated as 0.9999, 0.039 mM and 0.129 mM, respectively.     

共振光散射光谱研究噻嗪红R与牛血清白蛋白的作用及其分析应用

研究了噻嗪红R(Thiazine red R,TR)与牛血清蛋白(BSA)作用的共振光散射(RLS)光谱特征。考察了各种影响因素,并计算出了BSA与TR的结合比(质量之比)为1.25。结果表明,在优化条件下体系的RLS强度与蛋白质浓度在一定范围内具有良好的线性关系,据此建立了一种蛋白质测定的新方法。在最佳实验条件(TR,2.0×10-5mol/L;pH2.36)下,BSA的线性范围是0.01~5.0μg/mL,检出限为1.4ng/mL。该方法已用于合成样品及尿液的测定。     

Square wave adsorptive stripping voltametric determination of the mixture of nalidixic acid and its main metabolite (7-hydroxymethylnalidixic acid) by multivariate methods and artificial neural network

Nalidixic acid (NA) and its main metabolite, 7-hydroximethylnalidixic acid (OHNA), are quinolones antibacterial used as agents used for the treatment of urinary tract infection. For both compounds an adsorption process on a hanging mercury electrode (HMDE). On this basis, a square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWadSV) method has been developed for the individual and simultaneous determination of NA and OHNA. The variables that affect to accumulation process, such as concentration of perchloric acid, accumulation potential and accumulation time have been optimised by using an experimental design (concretely a Box-Behnken design with three levels) together with the response surface methodology (RSM). Calibration curves were linear in the range (0-1.38) × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ for NA and (0-3.23) × 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹ for OHNA, in the optimized conditions, with detection limits of 9.48 × 10⁻⁹ mol L⁻¹ and 8.06 × 10⁻¹⁰ mol L⁻¹ for NA and OHNA, respectively. The method was applied to urine samples containing only one of the analytes with satisfactory recoveries. As the voltammetric signals of these compounds show a high overlapping, different chemometric methods, such as classical least squares (CLS), partial least squares (PLS), principal component regression (PCR) and artificial neural network (ANN) have been used for the resolution of the mixture. The analysis of these compounds in urine samples were carried out using the different chemometric tools and the best recoveries were obtained by using ANN. No pre-treatment of the sample was necessary.     

Electrochemical Behavior and Electroanalytical Determination of Indole‐3‐Acetic Acid Phytohormone on a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode

In this work, a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode was used for the electroanalytical determination of indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) phytohormone by square‐wave voltammetry. IAA yielded a well‐defined voltammetric response at +0.93 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in Britton–Robinson buffer, pH 2.0. The process could be used to determine IAA in the concentration range of 5.0 to 50.0 µM (n=8, r=0.997), with a detection limit of 1.22 µM. The relative standard deviation of ten measurements was 2.09 % for 20.0 µM IAA. As an example, the practical applicability of BDD electrode was tested with the measurement of IAA in some plant seeds.     

Electrochemical Oxidation of Donepezil and Its Voltammetric Determination at Gold Electrode

The oxidative ability of donepezil, a frequently prescribed drug for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is reported for the first time at a gold electrode. It was oxidized by cyclic voltammetry and determined by square wave voltammetry in phosphate buffer electrolyte. Electrochemical degradation of donepezil was carried out by long term potential cycling. The identification and characterization of the major product, isolated by preparative high performance liquid chromatography, was performed by high resolution mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Donepezil hydroxy derivative was identified as the major electrochemical oxidation product from donepezil.     

Fabrication and characterisation of high performance polypyrrole modified microarray sensor for ascorbic acid determination

In this study, gold microelectrode array (Au/MEA) with electrode of 12 μm diameter was fabricated by photolithography technique. Subsequently, polypyrrole (Ppy) modified gold microarrays sensor (Ppy/Au/MEA) was prepared by cyclic voltammetry technique. The deposition potential range and number of cycles were optimised in order to get optimum thickness of Ppy film. Scanning Electron Microscope and Atomic Force Microscope investigations reveal that Ppy coating formed at 3 cycles is porous with thickness of 1.5 μm which exhibiting high catalytic current for ascorbic acid (AA) in square wave technique (SWV). In contrast to earlier sensors designs, these Ppy/Au/MEA sensors exhibits lower detection limit (LOD) of 10 nm towards AA at physiological conditions. It also exhibits enhanced sensitivity (2.5 mA cm⁻² mM⁻¹) and long range of linear detection limit from 10 nm to 2.8 mM. In the same way, polypyrrole modified macro Au (Ppy/Au/MA) biosensor was also fabricated and its electro catalytic property towards AA was compared with that of Ppy/Au/MEA. The Ppy/Au/MA exhibits sensitivity of only 0.27 mA cm⁻² mM⁻¹, LOD of 5 μM and linear range of 10 μM to 2.2 mM. Hence, our investigations indicate that the Ppy/Au/MEA could serve as highly sensitive sensor for AA than any of the earlier designs. So, the Ppy/Au/MEA electrode was utilised for determination AA in a wide variety of real samples.