电化学沉积DLC薄膜的摩擦学性能研究

采用直流电源,以有机溶剂作为碳源,通过电化学沉积方法在单晶硅表面制备了类金刚石碳薄膜．用原子力显微镜、拉曼光谱仪和傅立叶红外光谱仪等表征了薄膜的结构,用DF-PM型动-静摩擦系数精密测定仪考察了薄膜的摩擦学性能．结果表明：电化学沉积含氢类金刚石碳薄膜的硬度较高(约14GPa),薄膜均匀、致密,表面粗糙度小;在室温干摩擦条件下,薄膜同GCrl5钢以及α-Al2O和Si3N4陶瓷对摩时的摩擦系数随载荷增加而略微减小;陶瓷材料／类金刚石碳膜的摩擦系数较低,钢／类金刚石碳膜的摩擦系数较高;类金刚石碳薄膜同Si3N4陶瓷对摩时呈现断裂剥落特征;同GCrl5钢对摩时发生转移并形成转移膜,耐磨寿命缩短．     

炭纤维增强铜基复合材料摩擦磨损性能同其磨损表面形貌相关性研究

考察了炭纤维增强铜基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,利用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针X射线显微分析仪和表面轮廓测试仪等观察分析了复合材料磨损表面形貌和元素组成.结果表明,复合材料摩擦磨损性能及其磨损表面形貌与粗糙度同载荷及滑动速度密切相关,当载荷和速度小于某一临界值时,复合材料同钢对摩时的摩擦系数和磨损率均较小,而当载荷和速度超过临界值时,复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率均大幅增大,复合材料磨损表面形成了由C、Cu和Fe等元素组成的固体润滑和防护薄膜,使得其在干摩擦条件下同钢对摩时的摩擦系数和磨损率均较低.     

类金刚石涂层在不同载荷和湿度下的摩擦特性

利用磁过滤阴极弧等离子体沉积装置在单晶硅基底上制备了类金刚石涂层，采用原子力显微镜和纳米压痕仪测定了其表面形貌及硬度，在DF－PM型动－静摩擦系数精密测定仪上考察了涂层在不同载荷及湿度下同GCr15钢对摩时的摩擦性能。结果表明，在不同环境湿度条件下DLC涂层的摩擦性能明显不同，这主要归因于转移膜形成机理的不同；在3N载荷下，DLC涂层同GCr15钢对摩时的摩擦系数相对较小，且较为稳定；当环境湿度增大至100％时，摩擦系数显著增大，并发生类似于含氢类金刚石涂层的灾难性磨损。     

钢表面钼沉积及渗硫复合改性层的摩擦学性能

采用多弧离子镀及低温离子渗硫复合镀渗工艺在45^#钢表面制备了含MoS2的钼基复合表面改性薄膜，在QP-100型球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机上考查了复合薄膜在油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能．用原子力显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察分析了薄膜表面、截面和其磨损表面形貌及成分，用X射线衍射仪及俄歇电子能谱仪分析了薄膜的相结构及组成元素沿深度分布．结果表明，含MoS2的复合镀渗薄膜由Mo、MoS2及少量FeS组成，其在油润滑条件下同轴承钢对摩时表现出优良的摩擦学性能．     

W18Cr4V钢表面离子氮碳共渗-离子渗硫复合处理渗层的摩擦磨损性能研究

研究了Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ钢离子氮碳共渗－离子渗硫复合处理渗层的摩擦磨损性能．在环－块摩擦磨损试验机上测定复合渗层与ＧＣｒ１５钢对摩时的摩擦系数,在往复式滑动磨损试验机上进行磨损试验．采用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）对磨损表面进行形貌分析．试验结果表明：复合渗层与ＧＣｒ１５钢对摩时的摩擦系数比未处理的Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ钢与ＧＣｒ１５钢的低．由于复合渗层中的氮碳化合物和硫化物降低了摩擦系数和粘着倾向,复合渗层的耐磨性高于未处理的Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ钢     

羟基硅酸盐润滑油添加剂对45#钢/球墨铸铁摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用MM-200型摩塔磨损试验机考察了45^#钢／球墨铸铁摩擦副在650SN基础油和含羟基硅酸盐矿物复合微粉的650SN基础油(KF-1)润滑下的摩擦磨损性能，结果表明：在650SN基础油润滑下的摩擦系数和磨损率随试验时间增加变化较小；而在KF-1润滑下，试验初期的摩擦系数和磨损率比基础油润滑下的稍大，随着试验时间的延长，相应的摩擦系数和磨损率同基础油润滑下的相比明显降低．磨损表面显微硬度测试结果表明，在KF-1润滑下45^#钢磨损表面形成了多孔摩擦改性层，硬度明显提高，因而摩擦磨损性能显著改善．     

SiCp／Cu复合材料摩擦磨损行为研究

采用粉末冶金结合热挤压工艺制备了组织均匀、致密的SiCp／cu复合材料，在MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机上考察了复合材料在干摩擦条件下同GCr15钢对摩时的摩擦磨损性能；采用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了复合材料磨损表面和截面形貌；采用X射线能量色散谱仪分析了复合材料磨损表面元素组成．结果表明，SiC颗粒作为增强相可以起到承载作用、减轻基体同偶件之间的粘着作用以及使基体产生塑性变形，从而显著改善复合材料的耐磨性能．但由于硬质SiC颗粒的犁削作用以及复合材料磨损表面高硬度机械混合层的形成，同Cu基体相比，复合材料的摩擦系数有所增大．SiCp／Cu复合材料主要呈现磨粒磨损和源于亚表层裂纹扩展的剥层磨损特征，其磨损表面形成的富Fe机械混合层对改善复合材料的耐磨性能具有重要影响．     

大气环境下YBa_2Cu_3O_7薄膜的摩擦行为和表面形貌

利用球 -盘摩擦试验装置考察了大气环境下 YBa2 Cu3O7薄膜和多晶硅薄膜同蓝宝石球及钢球对摩时的摩擦行为 ,并用原子力显微镜对其表面形貌进行了分析 .结果表明 :表面相对较粗糙的 YBa2 Cu3O7薄膜与蓝宝石球对摩时的摩擦系数低于多晶硅薄膜 /蓝宝石球的摩擦系数 ;而 2种薄膜与钢球对摩时的摩擦系数相当 ;YBa2 Cu3O7薄膜与蓝宝石球对摩时的启动摩擦非常稳定 ,而多晶硅薄膜的启动摩擦很不稳定 ;与钢球对摩时两者的启动摩擦则都比较稳定 .对 YBa2 Cu3O7薄膜的磨损表面形貌分析研究表明 ,其表面突出物结合疏松 ,容易从基体表面磨损脱落 .     

碳黑填充超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

采用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机考察了载荷及偶件表面粗糙度对碳黑填充超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响；利用扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料磨损表面形貌并分析了其磨损机理．结果表明：同UHMWPE相比，碳黑填充UHMWPE的磨损质量损失随载荷增加而增大的幅度较小；偶件表面粗糙度对碳黑填充UHMWPE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能影响较大，随着偶件表面粗糙度的增大，摩擦系数和复合材料的磨损质量损失均显著增大．UHMWPE及其碳黑填充复合材料在干摩擦条件下同45“钢及SiC喷涂层涂覆45“钢对摩时主要呈现犁削和塑性变形特征，犁削和塑性变形程度随载荷和偶件表面粗糙度增加而加剧。     

摩擦偶件材料对非晶含氢碳薄膜摩擦学性能的影响

利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术在单晶硅基底上制备了非晶含氢碳薄膜；采用Raman光谱仪、红外光谱仪和原子力显微镜等研究了碳膜的微观结构和表面形貌；采用UMT-2MT型摩擦磨损试验机考察了摩擦偶件材料对碳膜摩擦学性能的影响，并探讨了其磨损机制．结果表明：所制备的非晶含氢碳膜均匀、致密，硬度较高；当碳膜同高硬度陶瓷材料配副时，其摩擦系数低而稳定，薄膜呈现轻微擦伤和剥落磨损特征；当碳膜同低硬度的金属材料配副时，其摩擦系数高且不稳定，薄膜呈现严重粘着和磨粒磨损特征．薄膜的摩擦磨损行为同薄膜和摩擦偶件之间的相互转移有关．     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.     

Impact non-pénétrant sur le thorax : influence de la courbure sur la propagation des ondesNonpenetrating impact on the thorax: influence of curvature on wave propagation

Theoretical studies of the propagation of impact waves through the thorax are needed to improve the design of bulletproof jackets and blast protections (Fung in ‘Biomechanics Motions, Flow, Stress, and Growth’, Springer-Verlag, 1990; Cooper et al., J. Trauma 40 (1996) S38–S41). The influence of the weak acoustic coupling at the interface between the thoracic wall and the lung were described in (Grimal et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. IIB 329 (2001) 655–662); in this work, we study, within the frame of elastodynamics and with an approximate analytical method, the effects of the curvature of this interface. Results are given in terms of strain energy for the pressure wave, transmitted or converted. Focalisation of energy in the medium representing the lung is important for curvatures measured in humans. To cite this article: Q. Grimal et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 569–574.     

Vérification expérimentale de la relation de réciprocité d'Onsager pour l'électro-osmose et l'électro-filtration dans une argile naturelleExperimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations for electro-osmosis and electro-filtration phenomena on a saturated clay

This Note is devoted to the experimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations in the particular case of electro-osmosis and electro-filtration. A special set up has been designed to carry out the measurements of both the electro-osmotic permeability and the streaming potential. This has been performed by using a natural material i.e., saturated kaolinite. To cite this article: K. Beddiar et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 893–898.