对空气声速测定实验的研究

利用压电传感器测量空气中声速是普通物理实验中的综合性实验之一。在该实验中采用驻波法测量时观察到驻波振幅的最大值之间产生“次极大”现象。本文对该现象进行了分析。同时介绍了用不确定度计算过程中应注意的几点问题。     

THE SCREENING EFFECT OF PHONON MODES IN HIGH-Tc OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTOR

This paper presents three different kinds of infrared (IR) spectra of oxide materials. The first one is the IR reflection spectra of Ti₂Ba₂Ca₂Cu₃O₁₀ superconducting film at the incident angles 7°, 12° and 30°. The second one is the IR spectra of nonsuperconducting ceramic materials YBa₂Cu₃O₆ and PrBa₂Cu₃O₇. The third one is the IR spectra of superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ and of its film with the c-axis perpendicular to the film plane, as well as the changes in the spectra of these materials after annealing at different temperatures. It is found that in the spectra of high-T_c oxide superconductor, only the phonon modes along c-axis can be observed while the modes in a-b plane are absent. But in the spectra of nonsuperconductors the modes in a-b plane can be observed, particularly in the absorption spectra of the semiconductor YBa₂Cu₃O₆, all eleven allowed IR active modes have been detected. We suggest that the above experimental phenomena may result from the fact that the phonon modes vibrating in the a-b plane of the high-T_c oxide superconducting materials are almost screened by the free carriers which can move only in a-b plane.     

流动等离子体对托卡马克中撕裂模的影响

本文分析了托卡马克中的等离子体具有一个整体流动速度时,撕裂模的活动情况。分析与数值计算指出,等离子体的整体流动(等价于具有一个旋转频率)不影响撕裂模的活动,只是使撕裂模具有一个和等离子体相同的旋转频率。外加螺旋场在撕裂层能有效地抑制住等离子体的旋转。螺旋场对撕裂模的稳定作用不受等离子体旋转的影响。 关键词：     

用电子迴旋共振加热抑制托卡马克中的撕裂模

利用电子迴旋共振加热的定域性,改善等离子体电流分布,从而改善撕裂模的稳定条件,只要电子迴旋共振加热的吸收区能覆盖住撕裂模的共振层,就有很好的稳定效应;而不一定要求电子迴旋共振面与撕裂模的共振面重合,在迴旋加热期间,撕裂模被有效地抑制住。 关键词：     

磁场热处理对含钴的尖晶石型铁氧体共振线宽的影响

本文在Haas-Calln所提出的,由于从一个离子到另一个离子的自旋-轨道互作用的变化而引起的铁磁子散射的机构的基础上,考虑了含少量钴的正型尖晶石型铁氧体或Fe₃O₄内,磁场热处理对铁磁共振线宽的影响。由于钴离子在八面体位上有了择优分布,对共振线宽的贡献除了各向同性的部分外,还出现了一各向导性的部分,后者是热处理时所加磁场的方向及M的方向的函数。每百分之一的钴在正型铁氧体中所导致的最大与最小的线宽间的差值约为4奥。     

THE SCREENING EFFECT OF PHONON MODES IN HIGH-Tc OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTOR

This paper presents three different kinds of infrared (IR) spectra of oxide materials. The first one is the IR reflection spectra of Ti₂Ba₂Ca₂Cu₃O₁₀ superconducting film at the incident angles 7°, 12° and 30°. The second one is the IR spectra of nonsuperconducting ceramic materials YBa₂Cu₃O₆ and PrBa₂Cu₃O₇. The third one is the IR spectra of superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ and of its film with the c-axis perpendicular to the film plane, as well as the changes in the spectra of these materials after annealing at different temperatures. It is found that in the spectra of high-T_c oxide superconductor, only the phonon modes along c-axis can be observed while the modes in a-b plane are absent. But in the spectra of nonsuperconductors the modes in a-b plane can be observed, particularly in the absorption spectra of the semiconductor YBa₂Cu₃O₆, all eleven allowed IR active modes have been detected. We suggest that the above experimental phenomena may result from the fact that the phonon modes vibrating in the a-b plane of the high-T_c oxide superconducting materials are almost screened by the free carriers which can move only in a-b plane.     

低频声音在水雾中衰减的测量

一.引言 低频声音在霧气中的衰减的测量可以在充霧的混响室中行之,但是这种测定方法只限制在一些分立的低频率——即相当于混响室的低简正振动方式。为了使这种测量能够在较广的连续频程中进行,作者採取了阻抗管的驻波分析方     

表面氧化层对共振反应寿命测量影响的Monte-Carlo模拟

本文用两次碰撞近似的Monte-Carlo模拟计算了Al单晶中在2000?深度发射的、能量为2.12MeV的α粒子沿<110>轴的阻塞角分布。计算中除了考虑晶格原子热振动、电子多次散射等因素,在Al单晶表面引入了Al₂O₃有效氧化层。计算结果表明:考虑了无定形表面氧化铝层以后,模拟的阻塞角分布比未考虑氧化层时更接近于实验曲线。 关键词：     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF TURBULENT NATURAL CONVECTION IN A TALL AIR CAVITY

Abstract

This article describes an experimental study of turbulent natural convection in an air cavity with an aspect ratio of 28.6. The study provides data for the velocities and temperatures at a Rayleigh number based on cavity width of 0.83 × 10⁶, which is useful in validating computational and theoretical results. A laser Doppler anemometer was used for velocity measurements, while fine thermocouples were used for temperature measurements. Heal transfer rates and heat losses from the cell are evaluated. Further, the experimental data in the central portion of the tall cavity have been averaged to simulate an antisymmetric, Boussinesq, fully developed flow in an infinitely tall air cavity. Causes of asymmetry of the data, including radiation absorption, are also assessed.     

共振线俘获对碰撞激发X光激光增益特性的影响

 以类氖-锗离子为例,用逃逸概率方法研究了共振线俘获效应对电子碰撞激发X光激光增益特性的影响。对波长为19.6nm,23.2nm和23.6nm等三条激光线,讨论了增益特性对增益区宽度ΔR和介质速度梯度dV/dZ的依赖关系.     

调制气流声源的原理

利用气流调制以产生声音是一个比较有效的方法。人的发声器官、旋笛、电动气流扬声器以及一般哨子等都是根据这个原理。气流声源的特点是效率高,功率可以很大,有实用价值。关于气流声源的发声原理,过去已有一些讨论,但有的是过分简化,有的比较细致,但又过于繁复,不便计算。本文从气体动力学的基本原理出发,求得气流声源的气流-压力特性,并用图解法求得在给定气室压力和气流喷口面积比的条件下声辐射特性的方法,考虑到气流声源的气流特性和辐射关系都是非线性的,但是辐射声功率主要由基频决定,从而用近似理论求得了声功率、气流产额和气流效率的简单表达式,和严格理论的结果相比,误差不到1分贝。文中把结果画成图表以便计算,并讨论了最佳设计的问题。     

声柱谐振时的频率和效率

本文从实验和理论方面对声柱谐振时的频率进行了研究,并对声柱谐振时的效率作了理论计算。结果表明,谐振频率随扬声器单元数N的变化近似地按线性规律增加;而谐振时的效率在N少于3时与N成正比,当N大于4时逐渐趋于平缓。
文中还表明了将声柱中各个扬声器作为长管一端的平面活塞辐射源处理更符合于实验结果。     

TWO-DIMENSIONAL LOCALIZED MODES IN CONJUGATED POLYMERS: THE NONLINEAR ELECTRON-PHONON COUPLING EFFECT

The two-dimensional localized modes around a soliton have been investigated by using an extension of Su-Shrieffer-Heeger model, in which is included the nonlinear term of electron-phonon interaction. The results show that there appears an additional localized mode, and the two modes obtained in the previous work without the nonlinear term disappear. Furthermore, the frequencies of the modes are shifted and their localizations are changed after turning on the nonlinear term.     

THE SUPPRESSION OF THE ENERGY OF A REGULAR SOUND IN AN INTENSE RANDOM SOUND FIELD

Based on a previous paper"Theory of nonlinear interaction of finite amplitude random soundwaves"and by means of the procedure of extraction of simple harmonic sound from the signal-noise mixed sound,the authors have derived the formulas for the suppression of the weak simpleharmonic sound(S.H.sound)and of the growth of its side-band components under the actionof intense random sound.The expression indicates that the suppression of the S.H.sound obeysan exponential law,which is obviously different from that obtained under the interaction betweentwo S.H.sounds.Experiments which were carried out in a long progressive wave tube in air showsatisfactory agreement with the theoretical prediction.     

声速测量实验中压电接收端的声压随位置变化的规律

本文介绍了我们所研究的共振干涉接收端声压振幅方程以及用微机解此方程的数学计算方法。     

声速测定中声强的综合衰减系数的测定

本对声速测定实验中声强的衰减进行分析,介绍测量声强综合衰减系数的实验方法并给出实验结果。     

托卡马克中撕裂模的抑制

本文分析与计算了共振螺旋场对自发撕裂模的抑制作用。通过解电阻MHD方程证实了螺旋场能使m=2的撕裂模增长速度减慢一倍左右。同时也讨论和计算了边界控制场对撕裂模的抑制作用。 关键词：     

负能模式在非线性不稳定性中的作用再探

讨论了本征矢量的非线性变化说明相对于定态波每一个非线性本征频率允许向前和向后传播，与线性情形比较，它们的本征矢量在傅里叶空间发生了偏转根据向前和向后的扰动本征矢量的相对强度可以定义非线性条件下的正能和负能模式按照这一定义，本文再探了负能模式在非线性不稳定性中的作用，结果证实了文献[1，2]的推断波包的双稳滞后分岔与一个共振负能模式向正能模式转变相联系，这个转变伴随着本征扰动矢量在参数空间的不连续性；波包的Hopf分岔与一对具有正能和负能模式的本征扰动矢量的重联和它们的能态转变有关随着非线性增强，共振的正能和负能模式先后改变能态，因此存在两个模式同时为负能的参数区，它与Hopf失稳参数区符合这一结果强烈地支持负能模式的激发引起非线性(Hopf)不稳定性的猜想 关键词：     

利用Raman磁共振研究四极核对AX体系弛豫行为的影响

本文利用一维多量子Raman磁共振谱线的线宽测定了氯仿(CHCl₃)中碳氢体系的多量子的弛豫时间,由此得到第二类标量耦合弛豫起主导作用时的碳氢核自旋弛豫的交叉相关系数,氯核与碳和氢核的标量耦合常数,以及它们的相对符号。