软X射线能谱定量测量技术研究

采用每毫米1000线的自支撑透射光栅配上背照射软X射线CCD(charge coupled device)组成了透射光栅谱仪,利用北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)3W1B光束线软X射线实验站上X射线源分别对透射光栅的衍射效率和软X射线CCD的响应灵敏度进行了准确的实验标定,获得了150eV到1500eV能区的绝对衍射效率和响应灵敏度的实验结果;同时在国内外研究工作的基础上,发展了自己的透射光栅衍射效率理论计算模型和X射线CCD响应灵敏度计算模型,开展了相应的理论计算和实验标定结果比对工作,理论和实验符合较好,     

长周期光纤光栅强度型温度传感研究

对长周期光纤光栅(LPG)的温度特性进行了实验研究,测得的温度灵敏系数为0.086nm/℃,为光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)典型温度灵敏系数的8.2倍。以LPG作为传感元件,以可调谐掺铒光纤环形腔激光器作为光源,研究了LPG的强度型温度传感特性,在74℃的温度变化范围内,激光透射光强的对数与待测温度的关系具有良好的线性和重复性,温度测量的分辨率可达0.1℃。     

USING THE CROSS-CORRELATION TECHNIQUE TO EXTRACT MODAL PARAMETERS ON RESPONSE-ONLY DATA

Modal parameter identification is used to identify those parameters of the model which describe the dynamic properties of a vibration system. Classical modal parameter extractions usually require measurements of both the input force and the resulting response in laboratory conditions. However, when large-scale operational structures are subjected to random and unmeasured forces such as wind, waves, or aerodynamics, modal parameters estimation must base itself on response-only data. Over the past years, many time-domain modal parameter identification techniques from output-only have been proposed. Among them, the natural excitation technique (NExT) has been a very powerful tool for the modal analysis of structures excited in operating environment. This issue reviews the theoretical development of natural excitation technique (NExT), which uses the cross-correlation functions of measured responses coupling with conventional time-domain parameter extraction under the assumption of white-noise random inputs. Then a frequency-domain poly reference modal identification scheme by coupling the cross-correlation technique with conventional frequency-domain poly reference modal parameter extraction is presented. It uses cross-power spectral density functions instead of frequency response functions and auto- and cross-correlation functions instead of impulse response functions to estimate modal parameters from response-only data. An experiment using an airplane model is performed to investigate the effectiveness of the cross-correlation technique coupled with frequency-domain poly reference modal identification scheme.     

循环流化床固体分布的层析成象测量

电容层析成象是９０年代以来快速发展的多相流研究方法．本文报道应用电容层析成象对循环流化床底部浓度分布的测量研究．本研究在国际上首先实现了矩形流道中的层析成象测量技术．成象中采用了迭代成象算法,明显地提高了复杂流动情况下的成象质量．测量结果显示出循环流化床底部多种气泡和固体分布情况,表明其流态与鼓泡床相吻合．     

溅射制备薄膜过程中的光谱在线测量研究

在制备薄膜的过程中,利用光谱分析的方法,以放电光谱特征谱线强度的变化来反映相应物质成分的变化,以连续光谱光源发出的光透射过薄膜的透射率的变化,来反映薄膜的厚度、折射率、吸收系数等光学参数的变化,从而达到在制膜过程中,对薄膜的成分、厚度等参数进行在线监控的目的. 关键词：     

电流热效应对荧光光谱强度的影响

电流通过液芯光纤。电流的热效应降低了液体样品荧光光谱强度。温度与荧光光谱强度的函数关系在本实验中得到较精确的验证。     

ANALYSIS OF THE FLEXURAL VIBRATION OF A THIN-PLATE BOX USING A COMBINATION OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND ANALYTICAL IMPEDANCES

Many practical built-up thin-plate structures, e.g., a modern car body, are essentially assemblies of numerous thin plates joined at their edges. The plates are so thin that they invariably support the weight of the structure and machinery using their substantial in-plane stiffness. Consequently, vibrational power injected into the structure from sources mounted at these stiff points is controlled by high impedance long-wavelength in-plane waves in the plates. As the long in-plane waves propagate around the structure, they impinge upon the numerous structural joints at which short-wavelength flexural waves are generated in adjoining plates. These flexural waves have much lower impedance than the in-plane waves. Hence, the vibration of thin-plate structures excited at their stiff points develops into a mixture of long in-plane waves and short flexural waves. In a previous paper by the same authors, a numerically efficient finite element analysis which accommodated only the long in-plane waves was used to predict the forced response of a six-sided thin-plate box at the stiff points. This paper takes that finite element analysis and, drawing on theory developed in two additional papers by the same authors, couples analytical impedances to it in order to represent the short flexural waves generated at the structural joints. The parameters needed to define these analytical impedances are identified. The vibration of the impedances are used to calculate estimates of the mean-square flexural vibration of the box sides which compare modestly with laboratory measurements. The method should have merit in predicting the vibration of built-up thin-plate structures in the so-called “mid-frequency” region where the modal density of the long waves is too low to allow confident application of statistical energy analysis, yet the modal density of the short flexural waves is too high to allow efficient finite element analysis.     

AN ACOUSTIC DECAY MEASUREMENT BASED ON TIME-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS USING WAVELET TRANSFORM

In acoustic decay measurement using the third-octave band pass filter, it is known that an inevitable experimental error is produced by “ringing” at the tail part of the impulse response of the third-octave band pass filter. This ringing gives rise to distortion of the decay curve. In order to reduce this error and to obtain an acceptable acoustic decay curve, it has been recommended that the product of the 3 dB bandwidth B of the third-octave band pass filter and the reverberation time T₆₀ of the room under test be at least 16. For a listening room having short reverberation time and at the low-frequency band with narrow bandwidth, the decay curve cannot, therefore, be measured reliably by using the third-octave band pass filter. In this paper, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) has been proposed to determine accurately the decay curve with a low value of BT₆₀. The CWT decomposes an acoustic decay signal into time-frequency domain using the third-octave band wavelet filter bank. When the CWT is applied to the measurement of an acoustic decay curve, it is found that the requirement BT₆₀>16 can be replaced by the replacementBT₆₀ >4.     

用可见光谱测量HL—1M等离子体的旋转速度

用ＳＫＤ高分辨光谱仪测量系统测量了ＣⅢ、ＣⅡ、ＯⅡ及Ｈａ等谱线辐射的多勒位移,给出了ＨＬ－１Ｍ托卡马克等离子体旋转速度,结果表明：环向旋转速度ｖψ右到２２ｋｍ·ｓ＾－１,角向旋转速度ｖθ在等离子体内部与电子逆磁漂移方向同向,在ｒ＝２２ｃｍ附近转变为离子逆磁漂移方向,存在极大值９．６ｋｍ·ｓ＾－１,氢弹丸注入时角向旋转反向,在接近孔栏处又变为电子逆磁漂移方向。激光吹气注入杂质时,ｖθ减小。低杂波注入     

1960—1961年观察到的压电振荡对石英单晶片进行中子衍射的影响

在这里,我们发表一篇旧的报告。报告的作者们在1960—1961年间进行实验时,发现了一个当时没有见诸报道的新现象:高频压电振荡可以导致石英单晶的中子衍射强度显著增大。他们当时对这一现象本身和其有关的性能进行了测定,并在1963年原子能研究所学术报告会上作了介绍。但是由于当时作者和有关方面对这一发现都未给予足够的重视,没有将此工作进一步开展下去,也没有将结果送有关刊物发表。1966年以后,国外陆续出现了类似的报导(见作者所附文献[1—10]),并且对此现象进行了相当多的理论探讨,目前已得出比较合理的解释,而我们早期的发现,却因为当时未给予适当的重视,没有及时报导,使得它无论在实验和理论方面都未能得到进一步开展,这种情况是值得我们吸取教训的,今后应该力求避免。文章仍按当时的原文发表,仅在文末请作者增加了1966年以后国外发表的有关资料和报道。     

STRUCTURAL DAMAGE DETECTION BASED ON A MICRO-GENETIC ALGORITHM USING INCOMPLETE AND NOISY MODAL TEST DATA

This paper describes a procedure for detecting structural damage based on a micro-genetic algorithm using incomplete and noisy modal test data. As the number of sensors used to measure modal data is normally small when compared with the degrees of freedom of the finite element model of the structure, the incomplete mode shape data are first expanded to match with all degrees of freedom of the finite element model under consideration. The elemental energy quotient difference is then employed to locate the damage domain approximately. Finally, a micro-genetic algorithm is used to quantify the damage extent by minimizing the errors between the measured data and numerical results. The process may be either of single-level or implemented through two-level search strategies. The study has covered the use of frequencies only and the combined use of both frequencies and mode shapes. The proposed method is applied to a single-span simply supported beam and a three-span continuous beam with multiple damage locations. In the study, the modal test data are simulated numerically using the finite element method. The measurement errors of modal data are simulated by superimposing random noise with appropriate magnitudes. The effectiveness of using frequencies and both frequencies and mode shapes as the data for quantification of damage extent are examined. The effects of incomplete and noisy modal test data on the accuracy of damage detection are also discussed.     

利用光学高速阴影照相,研究激光等离子体相互作用的波长及强度定标律

利用光学高速阴影照相,研究了激光在透明介质中的传播。有如下结果:(1)比较了两种不同激光波长上(λ₁=1.3μm及λ₂=0.44μm),在具有相同吸收激光强度下,所产生的不同冲击波压力。(2)分析了冲击波压力对靶面吸收激光功率的依赖关系。 关键词：     

氰化氢激光干涉仪测量HL-1装置等离子体电子密度

本文叙述在HL-1装置上为测量平均电子密度n_e(i)而建立的,长探测臂迈克尔逊(Michelson)型转动光栅调相式氰化氢激光干涉仪(长臂HCN激光干涉仪)及其实验结果。并采用Apple-Ⅱ微机对密度数据进行实时处理,在脉冲送气实验中和破裂不稳定性发生时,观测了电子密度变化。本实验在电子密度(1—3)×10~(13)cm~(-3)范围内的测量误差约为(4—10)％。     

在HL－1M装置上用弯晶谱仪测量离子温度

本文叙述在ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置上用弯晶谱仪获取Ｆｅ的类Ｈｅ离子谱，用谱线的多谱勒加宽测量等离子体的离子温度，得到的等离子体ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置离子温度为５００—８００ｅＶ。     

差压法测量两相流相含率的研究

本文通过差压式测量方法,对气液两相流中含气率及油水两相流中含水率的测量进行了深入的试验研究。通过水平及垂直上升段的结构组合,测量气液两相流中的含气率值,在对流型测量与分析的基础上,建立了不同流型下垂直上升段与水平段摩擦压降间的修正关系式,减小了测量误差;通过采用一缓流的垂直下降段,测量油水两相流中的含水率值,获得了好的结果。     

A STUDY ON REAL-TIME LOW-FREQUENCY SPATIAL FILTERING PROCESS OF AN OPTICAL IMAGE USING LiNbO3:Fe CRYSTAL

The optimum image processing result of low-frequency filtering was obtained when LiNbO₃:Fe crystal as a spatial filter was placed at a certain position behind the spatial-frequency spectral plane of an optical Fourier transform system, which corresponds to the minimum transmittance ratio in Z-scan curve. The experimental results show that self-defocusing due to photorefractive negative-lens effect is the main factor responsible for the low- frequency filtering.     

有限元技术用于研究熔体生长中的小面化现象

开发了一种基于边界保角变换技术的有限元方法来处理自由边界问题,并成功地将其用于晶体定向生长过程中的界面动力学影响的研究。所建立的基于石榴石熔体生长过程的各向异性的界面动力学模型可导致相界面上小面的出现。讨论了界面动力学模型中的最大偏移角θｍａｘ对小面的形状和计算误差的影响,给出了一种十分有效地降低计算误差的措施：在模型方程中适当计人表面张力的影响。     

A STUDY ON REAL-TIME LOW-FREQUENCY SPATIAL FILTERING PROCESS OF AN OPTICAL IMAGE USING LiNbO3:Fe CRYSTAL

The optimum image processing result of low-frequency filtering was obtained when LiNbO₃:Fe crystal as a spatial filter was placed at a certain position behind the spatial-frequency spectral plane of an optical Fourier transform system, which corresponds to the minimum transmittance ratio in Z-scan curve. The experimental results show that self-defocusing due to photorefractive negative-lens effect is the main factor responsible for the low- frequency filtering.     

FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION AND ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL STUDY ON BEAMS USING SMART CONSTRAINED LAYER DAMPING (SCLD) TREATMENT

This work deals with the active vibration control of beams with smart constrained layer damping (SCLD) treatment. SCLD design consists of viscoelastic shear layer sandwiched between two layers of piezoelectric sensors and actuator. This composite SCLD when bonded to a vibrating structure acts as a smart treatment. The sensor piezoelectric layer measures the vibration response of the structure and a feedback controller is provided which regulates the axial deformation of the piezoelectric actuator (constraining layer), thereby providing adjustable and significant damping in the structure. The damping offered by SCLD treatment has two components, active action and passive action. The active action is transmitted from the piezoelectric actuator to the host structure through the viscoelastic layer. The passive action is through the shear deformation in the viscoelastic layer. The active action apart from providing direct active control also adjusts the passive action by regulating the shear deformation in the structure. The passive damping component of this design eliminates spillover, reduces power consumption, improves robustness and reliability of the system, and reduces vibration response at high-frequency ranges where active damping is difficult to implement. A beam finite element model has been developed based on Timoshenko's beam theory with partially covered SCLD. The Golla-Hughes-McTavish (GHM) method has been used to model the viscoelastic layer. The dissipation co-ordinates, defined using GHM approach, describe the frequency-dependent viscoelastic material properties. Models of PCLD and purely active systems could be obtained as a special case of SCLD. Using linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimal control, the effects of the SCLD on vibration suppression performance and control effort requirements are investigated. The effects of the viscoelastic layer thickness and material properties on the vibration control performance are investigated.